Navegando por Assunto "Assentamento rural"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caça em assentamento rural no Sul da Floresta Amazônica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2004-05-07) TRINCA, Cristiano Trapé; FERRARI, Stephen Francis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3447608036151352
In this study, 1 investigated the effects on the local populations of wild mammals of the hunting activities of the residents of a rural settlement in the Amazonian forest of the northern part of the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso. The second part of the Japuranã settlement — the study site — was occupied three years ago. Formal interviews were conducted with 17 settlers. Additional information was collected informally, during all forms of contact with settlers during the study period. The majority of settlers are from southern and southeastern Brazil. Typically, they are semi-literate rural workers, with very low monthly income. The principal hunting techniques used are "ambush", "chase with dogs" and "excursion". Game meat was an important part of settlers' diets, and was included in about a third of meals. The activities of 14 hunters were monitored between May and November, 2003, during which they captured 113 mammals belonging to 17 species. Analyses of population structure based on crania were possible for only two species, the white-lipped (Tayassu pecari and the collared (Pecari tajacu) peccaries. The analysis indicated that the situation of the structure of the population of the T.pecari and the P.tajacu is sensible and could seriously be affected if the pressure increase. An estimated 4096.3 kg of game was extracted from an area of approximately 38 km2, representing an average consumption of 0.268 kg of meat per person per day. Line transect population surveys were conducted at three sites, two in the settlement and a third in a nearby "control" area of continuous forest where hunting is not practised. Over a total transect of 108 km, 15 species of mammal and four species of bird were recorded, with relatively high sightings rates in comparison with most other sites in central and eastern Amazonia. However, species richness and abundance were greater at both settlement sites in comparison with the control. The abundance of ungulates (peccaries and deer), the primary game species, was also greater in the settlement (both sites) in comparison with the control. This suggests clearly that hunting pressure has not yet had a significant impact on the mammal populations of the settlement, at least in terms of abundance. The majority (85.8%) of hunting was directed at subsistence, while 8.0% involved the control of predators of domestic stock, and the remaining 6.2% was "predatory", basically for the protection of the dogs during chase hunting. Despite this pressure, the relative abundance of mammals in the settlement suggests that hunting is sustainable over the short term (three years), possibly as a result of the natural abundance of mammals in the region, and the still reduced human population density. However, this situation may not last long, given that deforestation and consequent habitat fragmentation is an ongoing process, and there are no controls on hunting in the area. The results of this study provide an important data base for the development of management plans for the local fauna, involving the local community, government, environmental organisations, and research institutions. These plans will be fundamental to both the conservation of species and the more efficient exploitation of game resources by local settlers.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O cerco da empresa Suzano no assentamento Califórnia e na Vila Sudelândia: resistência frente ao agronegócio
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-07-31) TAVEIRA, Marizangela Ribeiro; NASCIMENTO, Nádia Socorro Fialho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0757907626776627
This paper discusses the processes brought to rural settlements in the Amazon of Maranhão from the presence of a large agribusiness enterprise. It has the general objective to demonstrate how the process of densification of land concentration in that territory, especially in the Tocantins Area, from the establishment of agribusiness projects – Suzano Papel e Celulose – it has intensified the historical processes of rural workers struggles. It also seeks to demonstrate the conditions of life and work in two rural settlements – California and Vila Sudelândia – directly affected by the mentioned company and the organizational processes of resistance derived. While methodological processes bibliographical, documentary and empirical research were conducted. The literature search was focused in the land concentration processes, especially from the Agribusiness as a development model in the Brazilian countryside. While the documentary research has focused on the SUZANO company , from the impossibility of access to the primary company data, empirical research - through qualitative sample - focused on California and Vila Sudelândia settlements. The results indicate that the spoliation of land in the Amazon of Maranhão in the context of the last decades, especially for the use of agribusiness, the example of other areas of the Brazilian Amazon, come densifying the process of land concentration and, consequently, the production of expressions of "social question" in the region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Consequências das práticas agrícolas na diversidade vegetal em Parauapebas, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-04-11) SANTOS, Alessio Moreira dos; JARDIM, Mário Augusto Gonçalves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9596100367613471
Agricultural activities in the project of nesting in the Amazon region are important in food production. The aim of this study was to identify and assess the human impact of agricultural practices on plant biodiversity of a community of small family farmers and to discuss the possibility of retaining some resistant species and useful in the tillage systems. The research was conducted at Project of Nesting Palmares II, city of Parauapebas, southeastern Pará, Brazil. The survey of plant biodiversity was conducted in 45 points on 9 demarcated family farms. Data on vegetation structure and floristic composition were analyzed using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Was calculated IIV (Index Importance Value) for all species found in intermediate and upper stratum. In total, considering the three strata: low, intermediate and higher, there were 707 species and their specific riches by agriculture: logged forest (77,8 ± 18,6); burned forest (65,1 ± 23,5); rice field (24 ± 2); corn field (33,6 ± 9); cassava field (31,5); clean cattle pasture (20,1 ± 8,9); invaded cattle pasture (44 ± 12,3) ; grade earth (21), young secondary forests (42,8 ± 10,7) Old secondary forests (45 ± 5,6). The species with the highest IVI were Vernonia brasiliana, Cecropia palmata, Solanum crinitum, Trema micrantha, Solanum rugosum, Oenocarpus distichus, Rollinia exsucca, Vismia baccifera, Alexa grandiflora and Pueraria phaseoloides. PCA vegetation structure indicated that the type of land use was the determining factor, linked to an opposition between high levels of richness, density and basal area of the upper stratum, high values of richness and basal area of the stratum intermediate and low values of these variables. Since the PCA of the floristic composition showed that the forest plots are opposed to other forest plots and plots of poultry, indicating differences in floristic composition even between forests. The corn field, cassava field and rice field were considered as areas that generate the most impact on biodiversity. The small size of the lots of the nesting Palmares II favors the intensive land use and deforestation accelerated. It should promote and support agroforestry practices in Project of Nesting Palmares II, to advocate farming techniques that protect natural resources, such as the conservation of tree species useful and robust in open areas. The species Pueraria phaseoloides when associated with agricultural crops, should maintain production and save the cultivated areas, functioning as green manure and minimizing degradation of cultivated areas.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A dinâmica dos recursos comuns em Unidades de Conservação e Assentamentos Rurais no Amazonas: uma abordagem fuzzy set
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-04-30) COSTA, Francimara Souza da; RAVENA, Nírvia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0486445417640290
Garret Hardin's theory titled "The Tragedy of the Commons " presents privatization and government control as a solution to avoid the depletion of natural resources. However, other authors have shown that resource users may have efficient ways of management, combining the use by man to nature conservation. This thesis examines the use of public resources for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Rural Settlement Units, located in Madeira - Purus interfluve , the southern state of Amazonas region. The question that guided the research hypothesis was : Given the specificities Amazon and rules imposed by environmental and agricultural policies in the region, which conditions are presented as necessary and sufficient for good performance in the use of common resources ? The analysis was performed through the combination of three methods : the comparative method Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) , the method of institutional analysis Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) Framework and fuzzy logic. Operationally, were considered as independent variables (X) the socio-economic, productive , environmental and institutional aspects, starting from the assumption that government programs for Units must show improvement in these indicators, in turn reflecting the good performance in the use of resources common (dependent variable Y) from this institutional design. The results confirmed the hypotheses, asserting that the good performance in the use of common resources, recommended by the criteria of sustainability can only be achieved by the combination of a satisfactory performance also in socio-economic, productive, institutional and environmental variables, presenting if these variables as individually necessary and jointly sufficient for the occurrence of this phenomenon.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diversidade e estilos de agricultura: uma análise a partir de dois assentamentos, induzido e tradicional, no Estado do Amapá
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-06-05) MARINI, Jose Adriano; CAMPOS, Índio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9134366210754829
There is a duality in agricultural settlements of the State of Amapá. On one side are seated with little or no tradition in agriculture, allocated by public agencies in areas of native forests distant regional centers of consumers. Are the settlements induced by social demands. On the other side are the traditional family farmers, whose families live in areas colonized since the colonial period. Here, the actions of INCRA is summarized demarcating land already occupied. The land use in the induced settlements follows the current model in the rest of the state. After the extraction of timber and firewood production, the remains are burned. Follow the "fields" of cassava, economic base of all properties. The research problem is presented as a need to identify and understand the social and environmental phenomena associated with poor socioeconomic development of induced settlers, whose main symptom is severe impoverishment and subsequent evasion of lots. The reference point of this analysis are the family farmers of induced rural settlements in the State of Amapá, their agricultural practices and their interactions with the environment in which they live, as opposed having the traditional settlements of the State of Amapá. Tacit knowledge acquired and improved over successive generations in Traditional Settlements led to the practice of production systems in harmony with the local environment, preventing soil degradation and taking advantage of natural conditions of soil fertilization. The lack of this, coupled with the lack of collective learning experiences, questions the continuity of agriculture induced settlements in the State of Amapá.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A Interferência da mineração industrial na estabilidade de assentamentos rurais: o caso de Parauapebas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-08-03) TEIXEIRA, Sheila do Socorro Lima; MONTEIRO, Maurílio de Abreu; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8077335023133373
In the Southeastern Pará State two productions fronts comprise both a peasant and a mineral one, mainly starting in the 70s when they have suffered both pressures and reciprocal influences. In such a context, the dissertation analyzes the hole exerted on the mining companies activities practised on the peasants production stabilization in three settlements located in the municipality of Parauapebas, Pará State, Brazil. The dissertation indicates that the dynamics due to the instalations of large mining enterprises have contribute to the production rearrangements in the settlements. Among the changes being observed there has been a land valorization and the childrens of the settlements have left out the parcels of land to the cities and provoking the weakness of the workmanship which sustain the family production. There has been a better quality of the products because of the increasing urban demand, and at the same time the contribution to the spatial and social level in the settlement. The dissertation conclusion indicates that with the mining interchange, conflicting dynamics arise concerning the stability of the peasant production in the studied rural settlements.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A mulher trabalhadora rural do Assentamento de Reforma Agrária João Batista II, em Castanhal – PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-12-18) BARRETO, Alessandra Amâncio; NASCIMENTO, Nádia Socorro Fialho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0757907626776627
This dissertation was discussed on rural women workers from the experience of workers agrarian reform settlement II John the Baptist. That settlement is located in the city of Fortaleza, in northeastern Pará We analyzed various aspects of women's lives settled, such as income, age, occupation, education, marital status, among others. The central question of this study, however, was related to the conditions under which it was measured women's work in the settlement. From a gender perspective aimed to uncover the ways and ideologies that sustain domination of male over female in rural areas. It was found that the seated woman working as much or more than the man, but for the most part, this work is not recognized. In this sense there is a relative invisibility of women's contributions in the areas of land reform. On occasions when the Chair is paid, the amount paid to them is less than the work done by the same man.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Práticas agroecológicas em assentamentos rurais no sul do Amazonas: uma abordagem institucional
(2014-06) COSTA, Francimara Souza da; RAVENA, Nírvia
This article presents a discussion on the forms of access and use of natural resources `sustainable' rural settlements in the Amazon, relating them to the principies of agrarian reform policy. The study was conducted by means of comparative analysis from the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) Framework method. The results indicate that the difficulties presented around the social organization and weakened institutional relations culminate in the vulnerability of the permanence of agroecological practices in the settlements. However, in the midst of this instability, the residents work from choices that provide them the continuity of technological innovations agroecological base, created by the needs of families and their empirical experimentation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Práticas sociais coletivas para a saúde no assentamento Mártires de Abril na Ilha de Mosqueiro - Belém, Pará
(2008-09) CAVALCANTE, Inara Mariela da Silva; NOGUEIRA, Laura Maria Vidal
This research has a general intention of understanding the collective health social practices made in the "Assentamento Mártires De Abril" (AMA) settlement. It is a qualitative study, which comprehends the hermeneutics-dialectic data that was focused on Mosqueiro Island, metropolitan area of Belém Pará. Five social citizens had spontaneous participation in the research. The collective health social practices in AMA settlement are based and dependent on historical aspects of life, on the "Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais sem Terra-MST" fight (a landless laborers movement), on the health/illness conception and its relation with the land. It was concluded that its action expresses a form of care, essentially influenced by the natural ways, proposing to the Nursing care a new model of attention to the health. According to the studies, a period of training, based on experience with and in the social movements, is suggested as pedagogical practice to the Nursing Course of the "Universidade do Estado do Pará" (UEPA) university.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Significados do PRONAF "A" para famílias beneficiadas do Assentamento 1º de Março em São João do Araguaia, Pará - 2000 a 2002
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-03-14) SILVA, Ducilene Melo da; SÁ, Samuel Maria de Amorim e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3256903697536068
This study deals with historical aspects concerned to family agricultural projects linked to public policies in the southeastern part of the State of Para (Brazil). Its main point is the search for contracts between meanings presented either by government officials, intermediary brokers (for project) and planning and local family agricultural workers. Its main focus is “Assentamento 1º de Março”: its basic date comes from 10% informants from the total 350 participants of the group. Analysis from behavioral changes which follow understanding and/or resistance do the frame of reference rooted on old and new meanings.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Sustentabilidade em assentamentos rurais do estado do pará: uma aplicação do barômetro da sustentabilidade
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-02-27) SILVA, Veríssimo César Sousa da; VIEIRA, Ima Célia Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3761418169454490
The settlements in the Amazon are critical to the distribution of land, but its implementation still has many environmental and social problems, which has led to criticism of the sustainability conditions thereof. In recent years, have been sought to develop methods for monitoring rural settlements through indicators of sustainability, but the challenges are still enormous. Regardless of the method used, studies show that the main steps in the analysis of the sustainability of settlements are the identification of themes, setting indicators, defining the limits of the indicators and evaluation of indicators in building sustainability index. Thus, this study aims to examine the level of sustainability of settlements of Pará, through the Barometer of Sustainability (BS), comparing two types of settlements: Conventional Settlement Projects (PAC) and Differentiated Settlement Projects (PAD). Twenty-eight 28 indicators were extracted from an environmental diagnosis made by the National Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform - INCRA and tested to BS tool for 12 settlements selected. The results show that there is a slight difference between the settlements, especially in relation to the environmental dimension, but the two terms of settlements occupy the same position on the scale of the Barometer of Sustainability to Potentially Unsustainable.