Navegando por Assunto "Assentamentos humanos - Pacajá (PA)"

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Produção do espaço agrário na Amazônia: uma interpretação geográfica do desmatamento no projeto de assentamento Bom Jardim, Pacajá – Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-06-02) ALENCAR, Isa Costa; HERRERA, José Antônio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3490178082968263
The Amazon settlements were created as a strategy to integrate the regional space with the national economy and as a way to release the demographic pressure over the big cities, promoting a migration flux from urban to rural areas. The rural settlements end up having divergent characteristics and spatial patterns from the one idealized by the agrarian reform policies, being dynamic in relation to the transformation and appropriation of their geographic space. One important aspect of this transformation is the need of exploitation and degradation of the natural capital in the process of production of their geographic space. This fact has been reflected by the actual role of the settlements on regional reforestation, representing in average one third of the forest conversion yearly in the Amazon. To evaluate the process of spatial and temporal transformation of the geographic space in the settlements, mainly the one related with loss of forest cover, it is necessary to make use of satellite images and remote sensing analysis. Based on this context, the objective of this research is to use geotechnologies as tools to understand how agrarian reform policies interfere in the landscape dynamics of Amazonian settlements, using the study site the Bom Jardim Settlement Project. This study was done using literature review on the topic of space production and public policies related and affecting the settlements, in addition to the use of the Environmental Regularization Plan of Bom Jardim settlement. These analysis were complemented with the use of Geography Information System and image processing software used to evaluate and classify Landsat 5 and 8 images of distinct periods in order to access the spatial and temporal dynamics of the forest cover 10 years before and 18 years after the creation of the settlement (from 1987 to 2015). The methodology follows the “periodization” approach used to analyze the space temporal dimensions of the problem allowing the identification of distinct breaks that occurred during the establishment of the settlement. Thus the study identified that the process of space production is not only linked with the intervention between the human being and nature, but also that public policies have an important role on shaping the landscape in the settlements. Even with the existence of a solid agrarian reform policy which has been successful in settleling families, the bureaucracy of accessing financial credit, the fragile technical assistance and monitoring of the investments done by the agencies linked with agrarian reform, allied with the immediate needs of the settler, reflects the process of transformation of the geographic space in these settlements, having as main impact the loss of the forest resources.