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No escuro coração do século XX: uma proposta dialética entre Eric Hobsbawm e Guimarães Rosa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-10-31) TEIXEIRA, Everton Luís Farias; HOLANDA, Sílvio Augusto de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0928175455054278
This thesis proposes a comparative study of the works of João Guimarães Rosa (1908-1967) — especially the novel Grande sertão: veredas (1956) and the German ―cronicontos‖ Ave, Palavra (1970) — and the historiography of Eric Hobsbawm (1917-2012), clustered in Bandits (1969) and Age of extremes (1994). The apparent thread linking the productions of these two historical observers of the twentieth century is the concern of both with the common man over the historical facts and the demarcated geographical spaces. This survey hopes to show how Western history in the twentieth century infiltrates the particular writing of this Brazilian author, either by the cosmopolitanism of the horror forged in ―O Mau Humor de Wotan‖, or by the remote hinterland characterized as the world itself by the speech of the protagonist Riobaldo. About this work, it is stated that this topography, different from the regionalist tradition, is erected just like a metonymy of all places, therefore, far from a backcountry nostalgia. Some examples of this historical resonance abound in this novel, as the great phenomena experienced in the past century: the emancipation of women and the criticism of the liberal models, which generated social bandits in some regions of the globe, and with these a specific event in the turn of the XIX century: the emergence of the first states-parallel from rural areas caused by disasters in Europe, which led the characters of the narrative ―A Velha‖ and ―A Senhora dos Segredos‖ to believe in the illusion of freedom in Brazil. Thus, the themes of the ―new woman‖ and of social resistance movements in peripheral capitalism areas are of great importance both for Rosa‘s work, and for the work of this British intellectual, because in both the historical documentation constitutes something circumstantial in which the mythic dimensions dialogue with the ideological compositions. Having ambiguity as the keynote of human relationships and power of the twentieth century and Rosa‘s fiction, the fictional bandit now resembles the Robin Wood‘s Paladin, ideal archetype of good villain, as the common criminal, figure proscribed by the laws of the State and the acceptance of the general public. This paper analyzes — with the help of Aesthetics of Reception and critical contributions of Antonio Candido (1918-2017) — the route traced by the Western societies in the short XX century in order to find other ways to coexist amid the disintegration of the values designed by the eighteenth-century Enlightenment. By integrating these aesthetic and scientific constructions, it is possible to establish a more complete interpretation of one of the many faces of contemporary reality, time in which the perplexed globe watched crumbling empires and civility in the face of barbarism practiced in regions such as the hinterland (real or metaphorical) forgotten by the capitalism and worn government. This dialectic, on one hand, broadens the study of the theme of Hobsbawm‘s social banditry, adding to his typology the gangster figure. On the other hand, it denotes in Guimarães Rosa an exceptional attitude against the violence and barbarism seen in a period of exception, like ours, in which all the writings are configured in survival corners or requiems of freedom.