Navegando por Assunto "Aviamento"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aviamento e redistribuição na Amazônia: uma análise evolucionária do período colonial
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-11-29) SILVA, Luiz Gonzaga Feijão da; SILVA, Harley; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1485109352201821; FERNANDES, Danilo Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2839366380149639
The economy and the market are not synonymous. This distinction is essential to understand aviation, our object of study. The thesis presents an alternative way of viewing the economic system of the colonial Amazon: instead of emphasizing the market system or its elements, we adopt redistribution as an institution that dominantly promotes the circulation of society's means of subsistence. This redistributive economy emanates from the State's ability to receive (taxes) and distribute (payer), in a monetary system without coined currency, which uses genres (means of subsistence) as money. This way of interpreting the economy was only possible through the use of Polanyi and Veblen's institutionalist theory, which helped us to define the objective of the thesis in understanding how the economic and social structures of the colonial Amazon, that is, forms of economic integration (FIE), support institutions and organizational structure of society, were decisive in the emergence, growth and persistence of aviation as a financial institution. In this sense, relief is an adapted and coherent manifestation of the financial demands of the redistributive economy, that is, where credit (and the flows of financial resources) are carried out in kind and debt comes from non-economic obligations – which During this period, it uncouples it from market-oriented motivations. Throughout the colonial period, aviation presented several institutional variations, which are in line with the change in the social and economic structure (we highlight the Missions Regiment and the Pombaline reforms), as we defend in our working hypothesis. Among the main variations that we present as a result of the causal and cumulative, therefore, evolutionary process, we highlight commercial aviation, state redistributive aviation and commercial redistributive aviation. To explain these variations in more detailed Darwinian terms, we chose to outline the evolutionary process for the movement of some important resources, such as captives (rescue troops) and drugs from the backlands, facilitating the work of protected Indians (state redistribution) and families caboclas in constitution (mercantile redistribution). Thus, the layout is dynamic and diverse, resulting from its interdependence with the structure in constant transformation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Da seringa à farinhada: produção e modo de vida na Reserva Extrativista Riozinho da Liberdade, Vale do Juruá – Acre
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-11-27) SOUSA, Tatiane Silva; O’DWYER, Eliane Cantarino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7254906067108841; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0523-188X
This work has as its objective to observe the dynamics of social relations networks in order to verify how people and groups build strategies to ensure the reproduction of their social, cultural and economic practices in communities localized in Extractive Reserve (RESEX) Riozinho da Liberdade, Alto Juruá, Acre. For such, I use the concept of social networks as method strategy and techniques such as observant participation in the communities Morro da Pedra and periquito. Photos, interviews, genealogies and keeping a field notebook were also techniques used. I initially address the historical and social intricacies that culminated in the formation of the Vale do Juruá’s rubber tapper settlements in the Juruá Valley, Acre, based on a brief historical overview of events that range from the first rubber cycle with the establishment of the rubber plantation (1870-1912), until its collapse, when there was an end to protectionist rubber policies and the advance of the border in the Acre Amazon at the end of the 20th century, a moment in which the political and economic interests of the Brazilian State towards the Amazon changed, which started to encourage its colonization and finance infrastructure projects that have come to threaten the way of life of people from traditional communities, a situation that has led to a series of local conflicts in Acre. At this time, the rubber tappers' social movement emerged as a form of resistance, which was initially organized and represented by the Rural Workers' Union (STR). Union stations in rubber tapper settlements, as well as Rubber Tapper’s National Council (CNS) and local associations, were founded during this time, which came to enhance their struggle. The rubber tapper’s social movement established alliances with indigenous peoples, the environmental movement, international organisms and other institutions, pressuring the Brazilian State to recognize their social and territorial rights to put an end to the system of trading outposts managed by landlords (barracões) and to create the RESEXs. At RESEX Riozinho da Liberdade, created in 2005 after another decade of struggle, the end of the extractive activity as the main source of income brought with it a period of changes. The rubber tappers began to dedicate themselves to agriculture, cultivating mainly manioc flour. Families migrate from settlements in the interior of the forest (colocações) and gather on the banks of the Riozinho da Liberdade, where public institutions began to operate in the 1990s, influencing the formation of communities that exist today on the banks of the river. It is observed that between the period of colocações and now there are structural continuities in the way in which domestic groups build their exchange and kinship relationships. Until today relationships of asymmetric trading (aviamento) occurs, but the immobilization of labor as was previously the case in the rubber plantations no longer occurs. The creation of RESEX assured territorial rights, but not new sources of income based on extractivism, which has been worked on by new associations, albeit in an incipient form. Local networks based on kinship, reciprocity, supply and assistance are important to guarantee production, marketing, food and assistance in times of difficulty. In this way, guaranteeing security, social and economic stability to domestic groups.