Navegando por Assunto "Baixo Amazonas"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização dos agregados da região do baixo Amazonas: elaboração de traços para a produção de blocos de concreto estrutural
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-07-03) NEVES, Paulo Henrique Lobo; MACEDO, Alcebíades Negrão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8313864897400179
With the growing demand for aggregates for the construction industry in the city of Santarém and surrounding cities, and with the emergence of construction processes still little known in the region, such as the use of concrete blocks, the need to develop an experimental research for verification arises insusceptible of the characteristics of aggregates to be used in order to study the feasibility of applying them to the production of concrete blocks with structural function, class B – 4,0MPa ≤ fbk <8.00 MPa. A complete characterization, identification of exploration areas with their distances to block production sites in the city Santarém was approached. With the results were developed traits with the dry mixture of aggregates depending on their characteristics seeking to optimize and better compactness thereof, to more economic traits and which give the final product a better finish and resistance. The experiment was developed from a standard feature used in the city's factories and which served as a benchmark for the other elaborate experimental features, complying with the steps below. In the first stage was carried out to identify the aggregate producing sources in the city of Santarém and surrounding areas. Following a second stage, held expeditions collecting and packaging the samples. For the latest steps were carried out the characterization tests being: Kids grain size and coarse aggregates, mass determination and specifies apparent, fine materials and abrasion Los Angeles. Later traces were designed with optimized framework in the ideal particle size range, with the production of concrete blocks with structural function of families 14x29 and 14x39. In the last step tests were performed to verify the dimensional analysis, absorption index and resistance to compression individual blocks. Prior knowledge of the aggregates and framed adequate mixing in the ideal particle size range provided the reduction in the consumption of cement and favored the final product quality improving all its performance parameters.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
The ceramic artifacts in archaeological black earth (terra preta) from Lower Amazon Region, Brazil: chemistry and geochemical evolution
(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2004-09) COSTA, Marcondes Lima da; KERN, Dirse Clara; PINTO, Alice Helena Eleotério; SOUZA, Jorge Raimundo da Trindade
This paper carried out a chemical investigation of archaeological ceramic artifacts found in archaeological sites with Black Earth (ABE) in the Lower Amazon Region at Cachoeira-Porteira, State of Pará, Brazil. The ceramic artifacts, mostly of daily use, belong to Konduri culture (from 900 to 400 years BP). They are constituted of SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O,3, Na2O and P2O5; SiO2 and Al2O3 together add up to 80 % and indicate influence of acid rocks, transformed into clay minerals basically kaolinite. The relative high contents of P2O5 (2.37 % in average) come out as (Al,Fe)-phosphate, an uncommon fact in primitive red ceramics, but found in some roman and egyptian archaeological sites. The contents of the trace elements are similar or below the Earth's crust average. This chemical composition (except P2O5) detaches saprolite material derived acid igneous rocks or sedimentary ones as the main raw material of the ceramics. The contents of K, Na and Ca represent the feldspars and rock fragments possibly introduced into saprolitic groundmass, indicated by mineralogical studies. The presence of cauixi and cariapé as well as quartz sand was confirmed by optical microscope, SEM analyses and by the high silica contents of ceramic fragments. Phosphorus was possibly incorporated into groundmass during cooking of foods, and ABE soil profile formation developed on yellow Latosols. The raw materials and its tempers (cauixi, or cariapé, feldspar, crushed rocks, old ceramic artifacts and quartz fragments) are found close to the sites and therefore and certainly came from them.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
The ceramic artifacts in archaeological black earth (terra preta) from lower Amazon region, Brazil: Mineralogy
(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2004) COSTA, Marcondes Lima da; KERN, Dirse Clara; PINTO, Alice Helena Eleotério; SOUZA, Jorge Raimundo da Trindade
Several archaeological black earth (ABE) sites occur in the Amazon region. They contain fragments of ceramic artifacts, which are very important for the archaeological purpose. In order to improve the archaeological study in the region we carried out a detailed mineralogical and chemical study of the fragments of ceramic artifacts found in the two ABE sites of Cachoeira-Porteira, in the Lower Amazon Region. Their ceramics comprise the following tempers: cauixi, cariapé, sand, sand +feldspars, crushed ceramic and so on and are composed of quartz, clay equivalent material (mainly burned kaolinite), feldspars, hematite, goethite, maghemite, phosphates, anatase, and minerals of Mn and Ba. Cauixi and cariapé, siliceous organic compounds, were found too. The mineralogical composition and the morphology of their grains indicate a saprolite (clayey material rich on quartz) derived from fine-grained felsic igneous rocks or sedimentary rocks as source material for ceramic artifacts, where silica-rich components such cauixi, cariapé and/or sand (feldspar and rock fragments) were intentionally added to them. The high content of (Al,Fe)-phosphates, amorphous to low crystalline, must be product of the contact between the clayey matrix of pottery wall and the hot aqueous solution formed during the daily cooking of animal foods (main source of phosphor). The phosphate crystallization took place during the discharge of the potteries put together with waste of organic material from animal and vegetal origin, and leaving to the formation of the ABE-soil profile.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
“Empório dos gêneros do sertão e do comércio”: elite proprietária e trabalho indígena no Baixo Amazonas em finais do século XVIII e início do XIX (1780-1810)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-02-19) MCDANIEL, Alice Maria Teixeira; CHAMBOULEYRON, Rafael Ivan; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7906172621582952; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1150-5912
This dissertation aims to investigate the economic and strategic importance of the Baixo Amazonas, a region belonging to the State of Grão-Pará and Rio Negro, specifically in the Captaincy of Pará, through the analysis of the landowning elite and indigenous labor, between the years of 1780 and 1810. The research focuses on the formation of a colonial “elite” that emerged in the Lower Amazon from the mid-18th century, strengthened by the rise of Minister Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo and the Pombaline reforms. These reforms, along with the regulation of indigenous labor through the “Diretório dos Índios” (Indian Directorate), reconfigured policies regarding the use of indigenous labor, which had a significant impact on the collection of the “drogas do sertão” (hinterland drugs) and agriculture. Through the analysis of period documents, the dissertation seeks to highlight the participation of these two groups and their contribution to the economy of the “drogas do sertão” and to the agriculture of the Lower Amazon region at the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th centuries.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Precolumbian land use and settlement pattern in the Santarém region, lower Amazon
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) STENBORG, Per; SCHAAN, Denise Pahl; LIMA, Marcio Amaral
One of the most promising areas for the study of pre-Columbian complex societies in the Amazon River basin is the area of the lower Tapajos, Trombetas and Nhamundá rivers. There are written accounts on the Konduri and Tapajó Indians, presenting information on their regional social organization, trade patterns, abundance of foods, and material world. Hence, archaeological evidences – immense sites, full of anthrosols remains, and beautiful artefacts – may be contrasted with written information. These rich cultural deposits are vanishing at an alarming rate, as urban centres grow, and agriculture expands in the region. Despite this situation, little archaeological research has been conducted in the area, especially when it comes to investigations of ancient settlement systems and trade patterns. In the last couple of years, we have performed surveys in the Lower Tapajós River basin. The archaeological record indicates that pottery showing strong stylistic resemblance to that found at the large central site is spread at least as far as 90km to the south of present Santarém city. This article presents the results of a regional survey in the vicinities of Santarém, in the Belterra plateau, and Alter do Chão, offering a preliminary settlement system analysis in the region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Reflexões sobre construção de fronteiras sociais e étnicas: levantamentos etnográficos e estudos de caso no contexto regional do Baixo Amazonas, Santarém-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-08-05) DEL ARCO, Diego Pérez Ojeda; O’Dwyer, Eliane Cantarino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7254906067108841; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0523-188X
Considering the distincts ethnic group identity processes carried out by social groups that guide their actions in favor of self-recognition as remaining quilombo communities in the Lower Amazon region, the general objective of this work is to analyze the production and reproduction of ethnicity based on the understanding that it does not stem from empirically observable cultural discontinuities. Aware of its variation, we highlight the complex relations between ethnicity and culture through an ethnography of the political processes of territorial recognition as a quilombo based on the situational analysis carried out in the quilombola community of Surubiu-Açú, whose community association was the last to become part of the Federation of the Quilombolas Organizations in Santarém (FOQS), and in Saracura quilombola community, one of the first communities to star to recognize themselves as quilombola in Santarém, Pará, Brazil. Thus, taking into account different scales of analysis, we will emphasize the contexts of interaction where ethnic identity is manifested, whether in social interaction with other neighboring communities or with the State itself, in the claim of ethnic and territorial right. With this, the similarities present in the ways of making, creating and living observed between quilombolas and “riverside” communities, will be compared contrastively with the different processes of cultural distinctiveness. It is precisely through these processes that diacritical signals are chosen and become relevant both in intercommunity interaction and in the configuration of ethnic and political identities.