Navegando por Assunto "Behaviorismo"

Agora exibindo 1 - 12 de 12

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Uma análise behaviorista radical dos sonhos
(2000) SILVA, Francynete Melo e
In spite of the fact that there is no consensus concerning questions about the nature and origin of dreams, the majority of the studies on the nature of the dreams agrees that they are related to internal conditions of the organism. As opposed to that notion, the radical behaviorism analyses the dreams as private behaviors and, thus, as products of philogenetical, ontogenetical, and cultural histories. In this sense, this paper aims to analyze the dreams from a radical behaviorism perspective, considering them as private events, perceptual behaviors, and arguing that they are learned processes. It is asserted that the dreams interpretation is impossible if the contingencies that control such activity are unknown.
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O behaviorismo radical e a interdisciplinaridade: possibilidade de uma nova síntese?
(2005-12) CHAVES, Evenice Santos; GALVÃO, Olavo de Faria
Psychology as science is historically engaged in theoretical disputes resulting from divergent viewpoints concerning the nature of knowledge generated by different epistemological, theoretical and methodological approaches, and by the particular divisions in the subject matter made by the researchers themselves. At the present time, epistemology of the complexity calls attention to the incompleteness, characteristic of scientific knowledge, that in turn affects the conduct of researchers, creating conditions for new dialogues between differing perspectives within and between disciplines. This article proposes a renewal of the dialogue between radical behaviorism and formal critical constructivism that, by emphasizing complementary relationships and opposing polarized thinking which has permeated these disciplines, may result in a new synthesis or new general theory of meaning. A new synthesis between the two approaches would reformulate the understanding of meaning development and the role of the reinforcement in the construction and enhancement of meaning.
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Comunicação dos conhecimentos produzidos em análise do comportamento: uma competência a ser aprendida?
(2003-12) CARMO, João dos Santos; BATISTA, Marcelo Quintino Galvão
Behavior analysts have some difficulties in communicating their knowledge to other scientific communities, mainly to those that could apply it, like teachers, parents, nurses, engineers and so on. This essay presents some reflections, as well as promotes discussions, on the reasons why those difficulties occur, and points out ways to overcome them. The adequate communication between behavior analysts and non-analysts is important on account of the social return it conveys.
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O conceito de ansiedade na análise do comportamento
(2008) COÊLHO, Nilzabeth Leite; TOURINHO, Emmanuel Zagury
The concept of anxiety has been used in Behavior Analysis under the control of different events or relations. In this article, we offer a theoretical and conceptual review of behavior-analytic approaches for anxiety, and of the behavioral relations that are highlighted in the literature. We start with a description of the current usages of the concept of anxiety. We point out that such usages vary from the role assigned to physiological changes, to the definition of respondent and operant relations (verbal and non-verbal) and to the implications for verbal therapy. We, then, discuss such variations as complementary explanations for a complex phenomenon, in which events acquire several functions, through processes of direct and indirect conditioning. Finally, we summarize some defining characteristics of anxiety from a behavior-analytic standpoint, and we argue that, as a clinical disorder, anxiety may be related to self-control.
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Fenômenos emocionais no contexto explicativo do modo causal de seleção por conseqüências
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-08-23) DARWICH, Rosângela Araújo; TOURINHO, Emmanuel Zagury; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5960137946576592
B. F. Skinner gave rise to radical behaviorism, as the philosophy of a science of behavior, and produced experimental and theoretical arguments that grounded that science. The Skinnerian system distinguished itself from Psychology in the first half of the 20th century, by promoting the physical monism and recommending the approach of overt and covert responses in the context of individual-environment relations. The adherence to the causal mode of selection by consequences in the explanation of the behavior, however, can be viewed as controversial in the context of the analysis of emotional phenomena, for these include operant, but also respondent components. Such issue led to a revision of the theoretical foundations of behavior analysis, resulting in the proposal of an interpretative model of emotional phenomena by means of interrelations among respondent and operant processes. Considering that phylogenetical selection explains the establishment of unconditioned respondent relations, it is investigated if the selectionist model explains conditioned respondent relations in emotional phenomena. The approach of elaborations in behavior analysis resulted in the proposal of an interpretative model of emotional phenomena considering the occurrence of inter-relations among respondent and operant processes. The internal coherence of the Skinnerian interpretative system is preserved by means of the basic statement of that, along ontogenesis, historically established relations with the environment explain the occurrence of overt, covert, respondent and operant responses, as well as those with both components. Considering that conceptual clarity tends to be a prerequisite for intervention, this study contrasted the proposed interpretative model to the context of the accomplishment of functional analysis in the literature of behavior analysis. Preliminarily, the model demonstrated to be a useful interpretative tool, since it enables the understanding of different functions of variables, which take part in the behavioral relations of interest, at a contextualized and historical perspective.
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Fronteiras entre análise do comportamento e fisiologia: Skinner e a temática dos eventos privados
(2000) TOURINHO, Emmanuel Zagury; TEIXEIRA, Eveny da Rocha; MACIEL, Josiane Miranda
This study examines B. F. Skinner´s references to physiology in publications dealing with private events, in order to identify elements for a clearer definition of the relations between behavior analysis and physiology. Skinner´s contributions were analyzed with reference to six thematic categories: a) biological variables as constitutive, albeit non-defining properties of private behavioral phenomena; b) the autonomous nature of the behavioral-analytical approach in the face of biological/physiological facts; c) limits of behavior control by internal/physiological events; d) private behavior as behavior of the organism as a whole; e) a distinction between privileged access and privileged knowledge; f) retention of the behavioral analytical approach in applied behavior analysis. Skinner´s propositions concerning the described categories are discussed as original in defining the field of a science of behavior and capable of providing a coherent guide for establishing clear-cut limits between behavior analysis and physiology as independent and complementary disciplines.
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Notas sobre o Behaviorismo de ontem e de hoje
(2011) TOURINHO, Emmanuel Zagury
This paper aims at offering some historical references concerning the origins and development of behaviorist Psychology. It begins with Watson’s contributions and highlights his detachment from the causal mode of selection by consequence started in Psychology by Thorndike. Then, the paper discusses some developments of behaviorism under the leadership of Skinner and argues that some achievements have largely resulted from a recovery of selectionism. Finally, it contends that, by the end of the 20 th century, the approach started by Skinner extended to new directions, engendering behavior analysis as a multidimensional system. The paper concludes by pointing out that a historical view of the process of behavioral investigation provides a more precise frame of what this approach has represented as a psychological system.
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O conceito de ansiedade na análise do comportamento
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-04-08) COÊLHO, Nilzabeth Leite; TOURINHO, Emmanuel Zagury; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5960137946576592
Issues concerning to anxiety have been discussed in Psychology focusing several different aspects, but definitions of anxiety are far from consensual. The difficulty is due to several reasons, among which is the lack of a precise reference to behavioral relations. Divergence is also found in behavior-analytic literature. Some accounts stress the role of direct contingencies in controlling patterns of anxiety responses. Other definitions approach verbal aspects as possible sources of additional control. In the late accounts, the multiple functions of ones self-descriptive reports and also the semantic conditioning have been pointed out as possible explanations. In the present work, 47 papers were examined in the behavior-analytic literature in order to identify the types of behavioral relationships that are being suggested in the different uses of the concept of anxiety in the Behavior Analysis and the (in)compatibility of those approaches. The study took as reference categories of register that refer to what each author says in terms of respondent, not verbal operant, verbal operant components, and intervention perspectives. A more qualitative analysis was carried out with the use of analytical categories that refer to (1) the role performed by the physiologic alterations in the definition of anxiety; (2) the verbal and nonverbal operant relations involved in the phenomenon, and (3) the implications of each one of those analyses to a face-to-face verbal therapy. This exam made possible the identification of variations in the definitions concerning to (1) the type of behavioral relations involved; (2) the arrangement of contingencies that produce those relations; (3) the corporeal conditions produced concomitantly by the same contingencies; (4) to the functions of those corporeal conditions in the behavioral relations, and (5) the processes through which verbal stimuli participate in those relations. However, those variations in the definition can be understood as complementary analyses not incompatible with each other. The explanation of behavioral phenomenon based on a complexity continuum can be a model capable of joining those variations, making possible an understanding of (1) the relational network that can take place in an instance of anxiety, as well as (2) the function carried out by each one of the components in the anxiety.
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Processo ensino-aprendizagem na abordagem analítico-comportamental no contexto da agricultura familiar
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-04-03) FERREIRA, Rafael Peniche; CARVALHO, Soraya Abreu de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2542726626028987; DARNET, Laura Angélica Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3450720474559096
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Seleção de pessoal: considerações preliminares sobre a perspectiva behaviorista radical
(2003) SANTOS, José Guilherme Wady; FRANCO, Ruth Nara Albuquerque; MIGUEL, Caio Flávio
The goal of the Personnel Selection process is to identify the applicant that best meets the requirements for a specific job. The common practice of classifying job applicants, by personal characteristics considered necessary for successful performance at a specific job position, typically emphasizes internal, rather than environmental, causes of behavior. The current article discusses some aspects related to the difficulty of implementing selection processes based on a radical behaviorist approach and also criticizes the use of psychological tests and categories in the process of personnel selection. It also suggests the need for of clear and objective definitions of behaviors and skills that are relevant for each job position, as well as the identification of the necessary conditions for the occurrence of these behaviors and skills. The need for a behaviorist model of personnel selection is thus suggested. Such a model would include techniques that allow for the observation of the relevant behaviors in analog situations, functional analyses, and possibly, minimal training of some of the required skills, before the final decision is made.
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Uma discussão dos usos do termo eventos privados na análise do comportamento à luz de proposições do pragmatismo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-04-19) VASCONCELOS NETO, Aécio de Borba; TOURINHO, Emmanuel Zagury; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5960137946576592
Behavior Analysis distinguishes itself from other kinds of behaviorism by its original treatment for subjectivity. The concept of private events has been used in behavior-analytic literature as a major topic in the theme, allowing the scientist and the professional to deal with events inaccessible to public observation because of an instrumental criterion of truth. This paper aims to discuss the concept of private events from the standpoint of Pragmatism, a philosophy with which Behavior Analysis has been associated. Considering James and Rortys publications, the relevant implications of using the term private events are examined and the validity of such a concept to approach problems related to subjectivity is discussed using three analytical categories: (1) Implications of a relational verbal approach to the analysis of the issues concerning privacy; 2) Absence of a consensual view on the coherence between the concept of private events and the behavioral-analytic system; and 3) Functions of the concept of private events. We point out how is elaborated the importance of language for the definition of private world in behavior-analytic and also we point out the influence of that for a relational approach of subjectivity. We argue that behavior analysts have been using the term private events under control of phenomena with different nature and complexity, resulting in an absence of consensus about the coherence of the term with Behavior Analysis. When there is some consensus on this, there is a lack of consensus about the instrumentality of the concept. Thus, the coherence and the instrumentality of the concept of private events is conditioned to (1) which events the scientist or the professional is referring to, (2) the level of analysis (molar or molecular), and (3) the method used in the research. We found that, when there is some agreement about the coherence and the instrumentality of the concept, it is restricted to the papers dealing mainly with the context of clinical application. We conclude by stressing that the idea that the concept of private events is useful for Behavior Analysis is not fully accepted in the area, showing that more discussion on the concept of private events and the conceptual treatment of subjectivity is still needed.
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Usos do conceito de eventos privados à luz de proposições pragmatistas
(2009-08) VASCONCELOS NETO, Aécio de Borba; TOURINHO, Emmanuel Zagury
Uses of the concept of private events from the standpoint of pragmatist assumptions. The concept of private events has been used in behavior-analytic literature as a major topic to the treatment phenomena related to subjectivity, in the context of adopting instrumentality as a criterion of truth. This paper aims to discuss uses of the concept of private events from the standpoint of Pragmatism, a philosophy in which that criterion of truth has been consistently identified. It is particularly examined the focus on verbal relations in the analysis of contents related to privacy, and also how that focus reflects a rejection on mentalism and organicism. The paper continues to discuss the importance of the verbal community in the production of an individual “inside world”. In the end, the paper points out that some authors depart from functionalist/instrumentalist reference when working on the problem of imprecision of private events.