Navegando por Assunto "Behaviorismo - Psicologia"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da adequação dos níveis de funcionalidade do VB-MAPP em uma amostra de crianças brasileiras.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-06-26) KEUFFER, Sara Ingrid Cruz; SOUZA, Carlos Barbosa Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1264063598919201
The Verbal Behavior Milestones Assessment and Placement Program (VB-MAPP) is a criteria-based assessment tool that can be used as a curriculum guide and repertoire development monitoring system for children with autism and other developmental disorders. The three levels of VB-MAPP were established from typical child development milestones derived primarily from studies with US or European children. Considering the socioeconomic and cultural differences that exist between the United States/Europe and Brazil, this study analyzed the adequacy of VB-MAPP functional levels for the evaluation of verbal, social and motor repertoires of a sample of 61 Brazilian children with typical development, living in Belém do Pará, of both sexes and aged between one and five years. The results showed that the functional levels proposed in the VB-MAPP were adequate to evaluate repertoires of a sample of Brazilian children with typical development, increasing the data on the external validity of the instrument. Based on these results it is suggested the relevance of the use of VB-MAPP in the Brazilian context.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação de um procedimento de aproximação sucessiva sobre a seleção de uma prática cultural complexa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-09-23) PAVANELLI, Sergio; TOURINHO, Emmanuel Zagury; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5960137946576592
The investigation of cultural selection has become more consistent theoretically and empirically in the Behavior Analysis especially after Sigrid S. Glenn proposed and developes the concept of metacontingencies. At the level reached by empirical investigations, a challenging issue relates to the complexity that cultural phenomena usually present. Cavalcanti (2012) evaluated the possibility of increasing the probability of complex interlocked behavioral contingencies (IBCs) by means of a successive approximation procedure (analogous to modeling operant response) involving a task of choosing rows of a matrix by group members. This study was conducted at the Laboratory of Social Behavior and Cultural Selection of this University (LACS / UFPA) and consisted of a replication with two microcultures, of Cavalcanti's first experiment with addition of the following changes in the procedure: a) introduction of generational change, b) steady order of choice by members of the lineages in the microculture and c) The use of two sets of criteria for the production of cultural consequence (one with each microculture). Study participants were undergraduate students from various courses, excluding psychology, distributed in two microcultures (A and B) consisting of 4 participants positioned in 4 different lines (L1, L2, L3 and L4). In each microculture 4 participants worked simultaneously sending individual responses (choice of lines in a 10x10 matrix) which produced individual consequences (exchangeable chips for money) every time the operant contingencies in place (choice of odd lines) were met. Regardless of operant contingencies was also the release of reinforcing cultural consequence in the form of figures stamped on a card which were exchanged for school items to make up a kit at the end of the experiment. The experimental session consisted of cycles of attempts (moves made by the microcultures) and generations of participants. Each generation corresponded equivalent to 20 cycles of trying. In each generation a new participant was inserted to replace the one with more time in the study. Substitutions made occurred within each specific strain. The general objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of the gradual increase in environmental complexity procedure (criteria required for the production of cultural consequences) on the "modeling" of cultural practices in the context of sucessive generations. For the two microcultures data suggest the efficacy of the procedure of gradual increase in environmental complexity in the production of complex IBCs and provide greater generality to the results found by Cavalcanti. However, the study provided no comparison of microcultures exposed of gradually increasing complexity with continued exposure of a microculture to the more complex environment. For this reason, it is clear that the procedure analogous to modeling was effective in producing complex IBCs, but not that it was more effective than the continuous exposure of a microculture, for the same number of cycles, to the more complex environment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O efeito de vídeos de alimentação saudável sobre as escolhas de alimentos em crianças
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-04-10) SOUZA, Gilvandro Figueiredo; KATO, Olívia Misae; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3612219210222465; BARROS, Romariz da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7231331062174024
Videos about of nutrition education, publicity, advertising and entertainment are widely used as a means of communication. Many of them are used to encourage the consumption of foods. However, most of the time, the videos that talk about such consumption, focus on the development of broad dissemination of high in fat, sodium and sugar foods, in excess, are harmful to health. All this disclosure just promoting an increase in the consumption of unhealthy foods and, consequently, reducing the practices of good nutrition education. Based on this fact the Study 1 was conducted to evaluate the effect of videos about healthy food choices healthy food for children. What was to present, through educational videos, the various types of foods consumed by man. As participants in this study among children aged between 10 and 11 years old that might among the various types of food make your own choice. Participated in Study I, 24 children between 10 and 11 years of age, of both sexes, regularly enrolled in elementary school. The study I was divided into three stages. In the Stage I the appointment of foods was assessed with appropriate phase correction. In the Stage II, children were exposed to pre - test selection of healthy and unhealthy foods, the videos of healthy foods, the assessment of understanding of test videos, and finally again to test food choices. In the Stage III consisted only in the testing of food after a week of intervention. The results indicate that the videos showed effect on most healthy choices for children. But, this effect was temporary. In Study II, a questionnaire was applied to verify the food preferences of children in the same study 1 and 164 other children of the same grade and age. The results indicate that there is a slight preference for unhealthy foods, but in general, preference is given at a ratio of 1/1. Studies investigating the control variables of feeding behavior are extremely important for preventing obesity, promoting healthy habits and discussion of public policy Nutritionally, Industrial, Commercial and Consumer Behavior.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O impacto da obra de j. B. Watson na psicologia norte americana (1903-1923): citações a outros autores como parâmetros quantitativos de comparação
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-01-13) SARAIVA, Fernando Tavares; ARAÚJO, Saulo de Freitas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3032433208056386; CARVALHO NETO, Marcus Bentes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7613198431695463
In the historiography of psychology, the impact of J. B. Watson's work is a topic that has generated discussion and research, some of which use bibliometric analysis as method. These studies, however, do not adopt comparative parameters that may indicate more precisely the impact degree of the author's work. This research seeks to fill this gap through two comparative bibliometric studies between citations to Watson's work and citations to other relevant psychologists from the early twentieth century: Edward B. Titchener, Edward Thorndike, William James, James R. Angell, Harvey A. Carr and John Dewey. The first study is a comparative bibliometric analysis between citations to Watson, Titchener, Thorndike and James in five important American journals, from 1903 to 1923 - a decade before and a decade after the publication of Behaviorist Manifesto (1913). The second study is an extension of the first, adding three authors to its search scope - Angell, Carr and Dewey - and three other relevant periodics from that period. The research's results indicate that, although it can not properly be taken as a revolutionary landmark, Watson’s work had, in the first decade after the publication of the Behaviorist Manifesto, an impact similar to Dewey's, Titchener's structuralism and Thornsdike's associationism, greater than Angell's and Carr's functionalism, although still distant from James’s influence.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O impacto do manifesto behaviorista de Watson na psicologia estadunidense: uma análise bibliométrica (1903-1923)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-16) SILVA, Eliza Galo; ARAUJO, Saulo de Freitas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3032433208056386; CARVALHO NETO, Marcus Bentes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7613198431695463
In the history of psychology, it is generally accepted that behaviorism as an approach to psychology began with the 1913 publication of John B. Watson’s article “Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It” in Psychological Review. 2013 marked the 100-year anniversary of its publication. The article, sometimes referred to as “The Behaviorist Manifesto”, is often acknowledged in history and introductory textbooks to psychology as an important vehicle for ideas that would quickly and substantially change the academic landscape of psychology, especially in the United States. However, Watson´s original work and its respective impact have not yet been investigated extensively and systematically. The literature indicates that Watson’s proposal to dispense with introspective methods and the study of consciousness was not accepted broadly and immediately, instead encountering criticism and opposition from others in the field. In addition, the originality of his proposal was questioned, suggesting that those ideas were already present in scientific debate at the time but were not widespread. This article intends to analyze the impact of Watson’s 1913 article in two major journals of the era, Psychological Review and Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods between 1903 and 1923. Keywords related to Behaviorism and Structuralism were recorded, as well as quotes attributable to Watson and his work. Data were analyzed considering the period before and after the Manifesto´s publication. The frequency of the term ‘behavior’ increased by 50% after 1913, ‘consciousness’ decreased 23%. Other terms were also cited more frequently after 1913 such as ‘introspect’ (10%), ‘mind’ (4%), ‘control’ (20%), ‘habit’ (17%), ‘instinct’ (6%) and ‘prediction’ (5%). These data shows that the term ‘behavior’ and others related with objective psychology appeared more frequently after the Manifesto´s publication and terms related to Structuralism also remained frequent. Additional data suggest that other works by Watson, specifically his books published in 1914 (Behavior: An introduction) and 1919 (Standpoint), were cited more frequently than the Manifesto, suggesting that these works were also important disseminators of Watson´s Behaviorism.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Possíveis relações entre o pensamento científico de b. F. Skinner e o método experimental de claude bernard
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-03-16) BARBOSA, Suzana Ferreira; FERREIRA, Eleonora Arnaud Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6600933695027723
Possible relations between Bernard and Skinner were pointed out in Psychology. Among those the most important would be the probable Bernadian influence on the single subject design (main experimental arrangement in Behavior Analysis). Even though many authors mentioned this fact no research has focused on the analysis of this relation. The same as the Single Case, other relevant issues between Bernard and Skinner were suggested but not enlarged like their combat to mentalism in defense of the scientific practice. Thus, in order to explore the gap on the intra subject method and deepen other connections already mentioned this work analysed possible relations between the scientific conceptions of Bernard and Skinner based on their own writings. Through a systematic comparison, both authors were approached on specific topics like: interaction organism-environment, mentalism as scientific embargo, induction or deduction as research reasoning and the Single Case method based on its main characteristics. Despite the differences found the results obtained indicated that in most of the analysed items there are evident compatibilities between Skinner and Bernard. Some data confirmed aspects already studied in other researches while others were against what some researchers said. The contributions made can diminish the gaps mentioned as well as add provocations to the following question: do Bernard and Skinner own compatibilities because they have similar interests or in fact, in any moment the thought of Skinner was influenced by the science of Claude Bernard?