Navegando por Assunto "Bertholletia excelsa"

Agora exibindo 1 - 6 de 6

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Cinética de fermentação e parâmetros ruminais de animais alimentados com dietas contendo níveis de inclusão de torta da amêndoa de castanha-do-pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-02-25) BUDEL, Juliana Cristina de Castro; SILVA, André Guimarães Maciel e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8940750096354420; SOUSA, Luciano Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4653514398045610; LOURENÇO JÚNIOR, José de Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2919433679918544
The fermentation kinetics and effective degradability (ED) brazil’s nut (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.) - (BN) were evaluated in the proportions 0 (control), 15, 30, 45, 60 and 100% dry matter in substitution of corn silage (CS) by in vitro gas production in the times 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. The experimental design for the gas production was in randomized blocks with six treatments, three blocks and two repetitions per block. To estimate of ruminal kinetics fermentation parameters of each treatment, the model of France et al. (1993) was fitted to the data. In in vivo experiment, we evaluated the ruminal parameters of sheep fed 0, 15, 30 and 45% (MS) TAC, and corn silage. The rumen fluid collections to determine the concentration of SCFA, pH and N-NH3 were held at 08h00, before the diet supply, and at 10h00, 12h00, 14h00, 16h00 and 18h00, post-prandial. The design was completely randomized with repeated measures, with four treatments and three replications. The variables results: acetate, propionate, butyrate, acetate: propionate ratio, pH and NH3 were subjected to analysis of variance and regression (linear and quadratic) considering treatment time and the interaction of both. We used the F test, with significance level of 5% (P<0.05). The standard kinetic fermentation and ED was declining linear (P<0.05), reducing total gas production at each level of coproduct addition. There was no significant interaction between treatment vs time for all SCFA variables (P>0.40), acetic acid (P>0.41), propionic (P>0.85), butyric acid (P>0.62) and pH (P>0.57). There was also effect on the total concentration of SCFA (P>0.75) nor in acetic acid (P>0.07) among the treatments. The concentration of propionic and butyric acids mMol/100ml of ruminal fluid reduced (P<0.001) (p<0.022) with the addition of 45% DM TAC. The highest concentrations in the measurement times were observed 4 hours after feeding. The pH values showed a quadratic effect both inclusion (P<0.001) and time (P<0.001). There was interaction (P <0.001) between treatment vs time NH3-N (mg/ml) concentration and the ratio of acetic: propionic acid (P<0.014). It is recommended the use of the TAC, at levels equal to or less than 30%, combined with different carbohydrate sources.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Determination and fractionation of barium in Brazil nuts
(2009) GONÇALVES, Alexandra Mary; DANTAS, Kelly das Graças Fernandes; RAMOS, Luiz Antônio; CAVALHEIRO, Éder Tadeu Gomes; NÓBREGA, Joaquim de Araújo
Several sample preparation strategies were employed for determination and fractionation of barium in Brazil nuts using measurements by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF AAS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry with axial view (ICP OES). This food is widely consumed because of its nutritional value and good taste. The chemical analysis of Brazil nuts is not trivial due to their complex matrix. The fractionation of barium in Brazil nuts was studied owing to the toxicity of this element and the strong correlation between chemical form and absorption. Total concentrations of barium varied from 860 to 2084 mg kg-1. Sequential extractions were performed based on solubility in different media and also according to lipids, proteins and low molecular weight fractions (LMW). The greatest contents of barium were determined in the LMW and in the water insoluble fractions with concentrations in the range 778 to 1606 and 551 to 1520 mg kg-1, respectively. Based on these results it can be inferred that Ba is not absorbed when Brazil nuts are ingested. Considering both the contents of barium and sulfur in different fractions and stoichiometric calculations it was also possible to assume that barium occurs mainly in the BaSO4 form. The presence of this chemical form was also confirmed by thermogravimetric measurements.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Malária e medicina popular: efeito da Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K. (Castanha-do-Pará) em camundongos infectados com Plasmodium berghei
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-06-25) GAMA, Layse Martins; CRESPO LÓPEZ, Maria Elena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9900144256348265
Malaria is a serious problem of public health, especially in Amazon region. However, factors such as drug resistence, difficult access and toxicity of traditional drugs reduce the effectiveness of treatment. Thus, Amazon population uselly uses natural resources, such as Brazil nuts, to improve the clinical symptoms of malaria. However, there is no scientific evidence of the effect of this fruit in malaria. So, this study evaluated the effect of pretreatment with Brazil nuts in BALB/c mice infected with Plasmodium berghei by analysing the following parameters: survival to death of all individuals, parasitemia and weight of the animals (in the 3rd, 7th, 10th, 16th and 18th day post-inoculation of the parasite), and, at the 10th of infection, complete hemogram, liver and spleen weight and analysis of hepatic aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and ɣ-glutamyltransferase (GGT). Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to evaluate normality, followed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) one-way test or Student t test, followed by Tukeypost hoc test. Monitoring of parasitized animals showed a mean survival of 13.9 days, loss of weight, enlarged organs, and changes of both the hemogram (decrease in hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood cells and platelets and increased of total eukocytes) as hepatic enzymes (increased AST and ALT and decreased GGT). Interestingly, pretreatment with the fruit of 11 days show a significant protection of animals survival (light increase), levels of parasitemia and total leukocytes (decreased), weight of the animal and weight of the spleen (maintenance for a longer time) and ALT and GGT (increase). Thus, these data supports the use of B. excelsa as a nutritional adjuvant on the treatment against the infection caused by Plasmodium.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Processing of Brazil-nut flour: characterization, thermal and morphological analysis
(2010-05) SANTOS, Orquídea Vasconcelos dos; LOPES, Alessandra Santos; AZEVEDO, Glaucinéia Oliveira; SANTOS, Ângela Maria Chagas
The Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsea H. B. K.) is noteworthy for its high content of lipids and proteins of elevated biological value and these factors justify the need for further research and incentives for the manufacturing of new trade products. In the present study we sought new forms of technological use of these nuts by the food industry, through their processing as flour, with no alteration in its energy content. The results after its elaboration showed a product with high energy value (431.48 kcal.100 g–1), protein content of 45.92 g.100 g–1, and fiber of 17.14%. The thermal analyses indicate that the introduction of another protein component, such as soy protein isolate, does not alter the reactions or thermal behavior. On the other hand, morphological analyses revealed granular structures similar to the structure of globular proteins. It was observed that after processing to obtain the flour, the product maintains its protein-energy content, as well as its characteristics when subjected to high temperatures.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Produção de carvão ativado a partir da biomassa residual da castanha do Brasil (Bertholletia excelsa L.) para adsorção de cobre (II)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-09-20) MELO, Selma dos Santos; SILVA, Denilson Luz da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4241759369873376
Activated carbon was produced from the Brazil nut bark (Bertholletia excelsa l.) to be used in the cooper (II) removing, in adsorption process in bath system. The bark is a waste material from the chestnut improvement which was collected, selected, washed in running water and then it was dried up in stove at 150 °C in 24 h. The carbons were charred at 400 °C for 3h and thermally activated at 800 °C in 1, 2 and 3 hours time when they received its encodings CA1, CA2 and CA3 respectively. Then they were characterized as: the specific superficial area, volume and pores size, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled to EDS (energy dispersive X-ray system) and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy FTIR). Preliminary tests were performed to assess the carbon efficiency as cooper (II) removing in synthetic solution of 50 mg L-1 initial concentration. As the results were satisfactory to CA1, CA2 and CA3 (93,43, 97,23 and 96,92 % to those carbons), decided by what had higher removing percentage of. The CA2 was produced and characterized as: the real and apparent densities, porosity in fixed bed, pH, moisture (wet basis), ashes, fixed carbon and functional groups by Boehm method. There were preformed tests to determine the cooper (II) efficiency removing concerning the carbon particle diameter influence, pH of the solution, contact time influence and variation of the initial concentration. The results of higher removing percentage were to diameter 0,595≤D≤1,19 mm, pH 5,09, in time of 5 min and concentrations of 50, 100 e 150 mg L-1. The adsorption kinetic study that best fit according to data was pseudo-second order model. The experimental data that presented good fit according to mathematical models of Langmuir and Frendlich isotherm. In this sense, was obtained activated carbon at a low cost from the Brazil nut bark which one showed a good efficiency in cooper (II) removing process and also allowing the using in the effluents treatment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Valor nutritivo da torta de castanha-do-pará (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.) para alimentação de ruminantes
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-02-28) RAMOS, Aline Fernanda Oliveira; SILVA, André Guimarães Maciel e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8940750096354420; FATURI, Cristian; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8389692203753236; LOURENÇO JÚNIOR, José de Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2919433679918544
Nutrition is one of the most important links of the production process, either by the costs involved or by establishing the efficiency and productivity of the animal. At the same time the brazilian agricultural industry lies in the expansion with the use of oil, especially in the cosmetic and biodiesel sector, which generates waste due to obtain oil process. Thus, the use of these by-products in animal feed is an alternative for both activities, since for livestock food option means good availability and low cost, and for agribusiness means reducing accumulation and inadequate destinations of their waste. Before using a new food in feed formulations, experimental measurements are necessary to determine the chemical composition and evaluate the responses of animals that received the new the ingredient in its diets, as the voluntary intake, nutrient digestibility and animal’s behavior, which is important to complement and strengthen the nutritional data, especially because they represent the effects of the quality of food in the digestive activities. Thus, the byproduct of the processing of the almond brazilian nut and its effects on voluntary intake, digestibility and feeding behavior displayed by sheep fed with increasing levels of inclusion, 0, 15, 30 and 60% in the diet based on corn silage were assessed. Sixteen males lambs, uncastrated at 33 kg average were used, kept in individual metabolic cages, which received the diet in two meals, at 8a.m and 6p.m, with the offer set to allow 15% on the remains. Samples of the remains and feaces were collected and analyzed to determine the consumption and digestibility of nutrients. For four days the animals intake behavior were evaluated in relation to their activities of feeding, ruminating and idling, occurrences and duration of ruminated bolus and rumination chewing, and the efficiency of feeding and ruminating. The Brazil’s nut (BN) is a by-product with potential for ruminant nutrition, with considerable amounts of proteins and lipids, but due to its high content of ether extract in inclusion levels higher than 16.3% of the maize diet, affect rumen fermentation, especially fiber digestibility, the dry matter intake and the ruminating time in the animals.