Navegando por Assunto "Biodiversidade - Conservação"

Agora exibindo 1 - 5 de 5

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da sustentabilidade e do potencial de implantação de uma reserva da biosfera no Marajó, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-02-13) QUINTELA, Patrick Diniz Alves; VIEIRA, Ima Célia Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3761418169454490; TOLEDO, Peter Mann de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3990234183124986
The sustainable development agenda has emerged as a new paradigm associated to the relationship between economic growth and the use of natural resources. Inasmuch, its assumptions should guarantee for future generations the balance between the processes of nature and society. The Man and Biosphere Program, launched in 1971, has been considered as one of the most important biological conservation programs of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). The strategy of creating Biosphere Reserves (RB) has moved the scope from global policy to local implementation projects. These units have since 2008 taken on the task of consolidating pristine areas in the construction of sustainability, combining natural landscapes with sustainable use through the participation of local populations. In this context, this interdisciplinary research analyzed the environmental and economic conditions of the municipalities of Marajó, Pará, applying the tool Barometer of Sustainability (BS). In addition, such results were used in the analysis of the challenges for the implementation of a Biosphere Reserve in the Marajó. Of the municipalities that make up the Marajó territory, 13 were pointed as potentially unsustainable, and the remaining three fell within the intermediary range of sustainability. According to the Barometer of Sustainability scale, all municipalities demonstrated critical socio-environmental conditions, creating an additional challenge for the implementation of the Biosphere Reserve due to such development background.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
As aves do estado do Maranhão: atualização do conhecimento e conservação em uma região de ecótono entre a floresta Amazônica e Cerrado
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-09-12) CARVALHO, Dorinny Lisboa de; SILVA, Daniel de Paiva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1409353191899248; SANTOS, Marcos Pérsio Dantas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7941154223198901
The state of Maranhão is located between the eastern Amazon and the northern Cerrado, presenting a wide variety of environments in its ecotonal area. Due to this environmental heterogeneity, Maranhão has one of the richest avifaunas in Brazil. Furthermore, this region includes one of the world's most endangered biogeographical provinces. In order to contribute to the knowledge and conservation of avifauna in this region, this study has as its main objectives: 1) review and update the checklist of birds species from Maranhão to identify possiblesampling gaps in the state; 2) test the effectiveness of the State Protected Areas (PAs) and Indigenous Lands (TIs) system in the protection of threatened and endemic bird species using SDMs and; 3) assess the potential impact of climate change on the distribution and conservation of 24 threatened bird taxa occurring in the state, comparing current and future distributions (2070) with the current reserve system, in order to identify potentially stable areas that can serve as dispersal corridors for the evaluated taxa. In chapter 1) we recorded the occurrence of 750 bird species, distributed into 88 families and 30 orders. We added 114 new species (95 residents, 13 migratory and 6 vagrants) to the last list compiled 27 years ago for the same region. In chapter 2) we observed that taxa with wider distributions are protected equally as taxa with smaller distributions and larger PAs are more efficient than smaller. Our results also showed that most Cerrado PAs are poorly allocated. We suggest six priority areas for conservation of Neotropical birds and highlight the importance of indigenous lands in conserving Neotropical biodiversity. In chapter 3) our results indicated that, although threatened Amazon and Cerrado taxa are potentially protected, for both present and future scenarios, most of the taxa are likely to suffer drastic population size declines or even global extinction in the near future. We highlight the importance of creating a system of dispersal corridors that interconnect PAs in this region, as well as the implementation of public policies for maintenance and mitigation of the areas adjacent to these corridors, aiming at the conservation of the richness and diversity of species in this region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Construindo a utopia: análise histórica da política de conservação biológica sob a ótica do sistema socioecológico do arquipélago de Galápagos, Equador
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-02-21) ANDRADE, Luis Vladimir Mora; VIEIRA, Ima Célia Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3761418169454490; TOLEDO, Peter Mann de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3990234183124986
The Galapagos archipelago is well known for its endemic biodiversity and for inspiring Charles Darwin in his theory of evolution. After 1535, with its accidental discovery, a series of historical events led to the reduction of turtle populations and the introduction of exotic species. With the creation of the Charles Darwin Station, a significant international effort on biodiversity conservation has attracted a large influx of tourism. Concomitant with the establishment of the station, the National Park Management Plan promoted shared responsibility for the management of protected areas, which integrates terrestrial and marine protected areas, and the archipelago was considered as a socio-ecological system, with its nature unique and special threat from recent global changes. Thus, this study aims to understand the relationships between anthropic pressures and the resilience of natural systems in the archipelago. The methodology is based on the analysis of Environmental Management on the Island of São Cristóvão with secondary information taken from the sessions of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), to build the adaptive cycle of Holling and in interviews with residents for the analysis of community perceptions. The recommendations suggested by UNESCO mainly involve problems such as tourism, agriculture, migration, introduced species, coordination between institutions. The perception study was conducted between June and August 2017 using questionnaires, interviews with 260 residents, and direct observation. The results showed UNESCO as an international body responsible for environmental management that has been emphasizing the problems presented in the Archipelago. On the other hand, the Ecuadorian government tries to balance and overcome adversity. UNESCO points out the need for residents to know better what it is to live in a Natural Heritage and what they must do to conserve that heritage. The primary identified impacts were: increased tourism (visits), population increase (migration); species introduced; lack of an effective system of solid waste management and wastewater management; lack of coordinated institutional co-operation; implementation of transdisciplinary research. In this last aspect, it implies that the management approach of ecosystems and natural resources should not focus on the components of the system, but on their relationships, interactions and feedbacks. In this study, we argue that the long-term sustainability of the archipelago depends on the rules for the exploration and conservation of natural resources. São Cristovão Island presents men (53.46%) and women (46.54%) residing mainly in Porto Baquerizo (71.92%); the majority (60%) from Galapagos. The perception analysis showed a tendency towards positive responses about environmental management, but they indicated some impacts on the way of life of the population, primarily related to the increase of tourism, introduced species and the reduction of the mine due to the extraction of sand, gravel, and stone to make the buildings. Given this scenario, local actors outline a system with interrelated but conflicting social, environmental and economic nuances, requiring more efficient management. Thus, it is perceived that the socio-ecological system of Galapagos undergoes a dynamic process that recognizes the interactions between natural system and social system, in which UNESCO directs biodiversity conservation strategies to the government including criteria of ecosystem management and seeks to reduce the pressure the solution to these vital problems is the implementation of a long-term environmental conservation management policy that can reduce social impacts.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Modelagem de distribuição de espécies comerciais da flora ameaçadas no estado do Pará: um enfoque sobre as unidades de conservação
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-09-13) GOMES, Vitor Hugo Freitas; IMBIRIBA, Breno Cesar de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7979656297541988
In order to identify potential sites for endangered species conservation were compared distribution models of commercial endangered species of the states of Pará flora, with maps of protected areas in the state, and observe the occurrence of these species within and outside these areas. This study aims to compare distribution models of endangered commercial species of the state of Pará flora, with the maps of protected areas in the state, and observe the occurrence of these species within and outside these areas. Through this comparison objective is to indicate potential sites for conservation of these species. Currently 53 species of the state of Pará flora are threatened with extinction. The species chosen are part of the Conservation Project pau-cravo, castanheira, pau-rosa and and maçaranduba, developed through a partnership between Goeldi Museum (MPEG), Ominia Minerals / Alcoa and Foundation of Research and Development (FADESP). The development of these models was made by the software Maxent 3.3.3, which uses the method of maximum entropy to analyze the data of species occurrence and generate their distribution models. The distribution models show which areas are suitable for the presence of the species, based on data of occurrence, and the characteristics of these sites, composed by environmental variables.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Padrões de estruturação de adultos de libélulas em uma área de proteção e seu entorno na Amazônia oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-09-30) MONTEIRO JÚNIOR, Cláudio da Silva; JUEN, Leandro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1369357248133029; ESPOSITO, Maria Cristina; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2112497575917273
In Brazil is the most protected areas (PA) in the world, and mostly located in the Amazon. Currently, the Amazon biome has 73% of APs Brazil or 111 million hectares, 37% full and 63% use of sustainable use. Despite the large number, biodiversity does not have its assured conservation, since the population increases every year, as well as demands for goods and services that result in modifications of the ecosystems that are often outside or even inside the PAs. So our main objective is to study the Odonata adult structuring patterns in a protected area and its surroundings. For this, the thesis is divided into three chapters held in streams in the eastern Amazon. In the first chapter, our hypothesis was to test whether we would find a greater diversity of species of dragonflies in AP due to greater complexity of habitats. In the second chapter, we tested the hypothesis that there would be high beta diversity due to the high replacement species that is expected to find. In the third chapter, we tested the hypothesis that Odonata would be a weak to moderate substitute for other groups, because of the inherent characteristics of the group, as the great mobility. The study was carried out in 30 streams, 17 located within a protected and 13 in the surrounding area. The results of the first chapter were the largest diversity of Odonata found in the environment, compared with the AP. There were also differences in the species composition of the two environments, and differences between environmental variables between areas. Thus, the combination of the protected area and the surroundings, with a low level of disturbance retains a broad range of specialist species Odonata than just a single area. In the second chapter, there was a high beta diversity in Odonata both the AP and in the environment, possibly explained by the niche breadth combined with the spatial structure of the environment. In addition, we found that the specific requirement of the species happens associated with a natural variation in the environment, since there was large beta diversity and high turnover in both environments. Even with some environmental change, it was not big or strong enough to exclude all species and therefore they can survive in this environment. In the third chapter, we tested the correlation between adult Odonata with other aquatic groups such as fish, Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera combined (ET) and chironomids in streams of the Eastern Amazon. There was a correlation between species richness and consistency of Odonata of adults with fish and ET, though the strength of these correlations were moderate to low. So we discussed that adult Odonata are a moderate to weak group substitute for other aquatic organisms in streams of the eastern Amazon. Thus, we suggest caution in the use of a single taxon as a substitute for others and for conservation planning, the best would be to use a wide range of taxa, reflecting holistically aquatic biodiversity. Finally, both areas of protection becomes important to maintain the pool of own species of each environment, with our major challenge in the future is to find a way to identify the disturbance levels that would be acceptable to avoid over-exploitation of resources in these areas.