Navegando por Assunto "Biodiversity"

Agora exibindo 1 - 14 de 14

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Abundância, composição e diversidade de Arctiinae (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) em um fragmento de floresta na Amazônia Oriental em Altamira, PA, Brasil
(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2012-03) TESTON, José Augusto; NOVAES, Jessé Bucioli; ALMEIDA JÚNIOR, José Otávio Barros
This study evaluated the Arctiinae fauna in a fragment of primary forest in Altamira, Pará, Eastern Amazonia, Brazil. The moths were sampled during two years (from August 2007 to July 2009) with a light trap. The following parameters were measured: richness, abundance, constancy, diversity and evenness indices (Shannon H ‘and E') and Brillouin (H and E), and dominance index of Berger-Parker (BP). The richness estimatives were made by nonparametric procedures, Bootstrap, Chao 1, Chao 2, Jackknife 1, Jackknife2 and Michaelis-Mentem. Four hundred and sixty-six individuals of 78 species of Arctiinae were captured, of which twelve are new records for Pará State. Values of parameters analyzed for the entire period were: H ‘= 3.08, E' = 0.708, H = 2.86, E = 0.705, and Sp = 0.294. Communities of the less rainy months were more diverse. Estimators predicted an increase between 17 to 253 in species richness.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agricultura urbana: contribuição e importância dos quintais para a alimentação e renda dos agricultores urbanos de Santarém - Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-08-29) SILVA, Eliane Raíssa Ribeiro; SABLAYROLLES, Maria das Graças Pires; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0250972497887101
The formation of urban neighborhoods in the area of Santarem is based on agricultural production, and this determines the socio-territorial reorganization of the city, causing it to present contradictions, and despite being "inside" of what is considered urban, are visible in this area habits and customs remain rural and agricultural production discussed here as urban agriculture. To identify and characterize the different activities of urban agriculture observed in Santarém / Pará (2 ° 24 '52 "S and 54 º 42' 36" W), to assess the importance and contribution of the same for food and income for families of farmers to develop, this study was conducted. Data collection was through home visits to farmers in the period May / June and September / October 2010, priority was intentional samples using the technique of "snowball". Structured interviews were conducted semi-structured interviews with 56 urban farmers, and their areas of production were driven method of guided tours, during which we surveyed the plant and animal species that made up and its intended use. When permitted species were also photographed. The botanical material was collected, and forwarded to herbalized IAN Herbarium of Embrapa Eastern Amazon, for identification. The contribution of urban agricultural activities for income was achieved through the use of the tools of the systemic approach of calculations and adjustments in the domestic economy from which we constructed a typology of different production systems sampled. We observed seven different activities in Santarém urban agriculture (agroforestry gardens, fish farming, cultivation of ornamental plants, nursery seedlings of forest, horticulture and mini-farm) activities are carried out in different spaces (backyards, private lots, and side avenues). We recorded the occurrence of 247 plant species grown in different areas of production and 11 animal species, cultivated and raised for different purposes of use. The creation of small animals occurred only within the gardens which has revealed to us, along with the cultivation of food crops, the feeding habits of the farmers who manage and handle. The results provide evidence that analyzed the different activities observed for urban agriculture in Santarém contribute significantly to the income of farmers, either through direct income from the sale of products produced or obtained with the indirect income to the economy arising from the production of foods that are no longer purchased by farmers. Thus we conclude that the importance of the different exercise activities on urban agriculture for farmers varies around the purpose of production and products produced, as well as contribute to the promotion of citizenship, is providing products that improve the quality of life of farm families , is absorbing family labor available, which increases self-esteem of farmers and ensure that they sustain their families in dignity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Amphibians and reptiles from Floresta Nacional de Pau-Rosa, Amazonas, Brazil: an important protected area at the heart of Amazonia
(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2017-09) FERREIRA, Gisele Cassundé; STURARO, Marcelo José; PELOSO, Pedro Luiz Vieira Del
Amazonia harbors the largest and most diverse tropical forest in the world, but knowledge about the species diversity of the region is still far from ideal. Given this low level of faunal and floral knowledge, we present an annotated list of the species of amphibians and reptiles found in Floresta Nacional do Pau-Rosa (FNPR), along the Rio Paraconi, municipality of Maués, state of Amazonas, Brazil. Herpetofauna of the FNPR was sampled with pitfall traps, active search and occasional encounters from February 18 to March 28, 2009. A total of 270 specimens were collected, representing 39 species of amphibians and 24 species of reptiles. At least seven of the species collected at FNPR represented, at the time, unnamed taxa (four of which have now been named). The number of taxa collected and the high number of unnamed taxa highlight the importance of this area in terms of biodiversity and as a priority for conservation. We also discuss about the amphibian diversity in Amazonia.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Arctiinae (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) ocorrentes em uma área de pastagem na Amazônia Oriental em Altamira, Pará, Brasil
(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2013-03) DELFINA, Márcia Cristina; TESTON, José Augusto
This study evaluated the Arctiinae fauna of a pasture area in Altamira, Pará, eastern Amazon, using light traps. The moths were captured at every new moon phase, two nights per phase, from December 2008 to November 2010. We evaluated the following parameters: richness, abundance, dominance, constancy, diversity indexes and evenness (Shannon H' and E'; Brillouin H and E), and Berger-Parker dominance (BP). Richness estimates were made by nonparametric procedures: Bootstrap, Chao1, Chao2, Jackknife1, Jackknife2 and Michaelis-Mentem. We captured a total of 910 specimens belonging to 85 species of Arctiinae. Values of parameters for the total period were: H' = 2.58, E' = 0.581, H = 2.45, E = 0.576 and BP = 0.433. Both richness and abundance were higher in 2009-2010, while diversity and Shannon and Brillouin evenness were higher for the year 2008-2009. Estimators predicted an increase between 18.8% to 85.9% in species richness.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Benefícios ambientais e econômicos de sistemas agroflorestais de Tomé-Açu, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-04-22) SUZUKI, Patrícia Mie; VASCONCELOS, Steel Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0719395243841543; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2364-8822
The global demand for food and the advance of climate change generate pressure for sustainable production systems that generate multiple benefits. Agroforestry systems (AFS) are productive models with the potential to meet the demands of society and the environment. In this sense, this research aimed to evaluate agroforestry systems' contribution to climate change mitigation, biodiversity conservation, and income generation in the municipality of Tomé-Açu, Pará. Twelve areas of multi-stratified AFS were selected and a 30 x 30-meter plot was installed in each system. An agroforestry inventory and an interview with the producer about the socioeconomic profile and environmental perception of the AFSs were carried out. The data were used to evaluate the influence of plant richness and other variables on the benefits of "Mitigation of climate change", "Biodiversity conservation" and "Income generation", through the indicators aboveground biomass carbon stock, Shannon index (H') and gross income, respectively. For this, we used Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to select the variables and linear regression to create the models. All data from the agroforestry inventory and the statistical analyses were performed in the R 4.2.2 computing environment. In general, 83% of the farmers reported being satisfied or very satisfied with the economic return on the AFSs, in addition to citing several environmental services. Richness (S) per system ranged from 3 to 11 species and Shannon diversity index (H') between 0.55 and 1.77. The average carbon stock of the aboveground biomass in the studied AFSs was 45.2 Mg ha-1, with a variation between 27.4 and 63.0 Mg ha-1. The values of carbon stock in the cocoa, cupuaçu, açaí, dendê, and other components were statistically similar, but differed significantly from the carbon stock found in the forest component (gl=2; χ2=71.7; p=1.834e-13). The average value of annual gross income from the sale of these producers was R$13,758, 53/ha and ranged between R$1,687.50 and R$26,250/ha. In the systems with oil palm (AFSs A1, A2 and A3), the palm tree considerably increased the gross income of the AFSs, contributing 58, 48 and 78% of the total income, respectively, despite the low density of individuals, with an average of 69 ind ha-1, in the areas, in comparison with the other main species. In this study, it was not possible to confirm the influence of plant richness on the generation of climate benefits, biodiversity conservation, and income generation. However, other variables influenced the benefits of the analyzed AFSs. "SAF type", "oil palm density" and "shade species density" performed best on carbon stock, Shannon diversity index and gross income, respectively. As for the benefit scores, in general, most of the AFSs showed unevenly distributed scores for each benefit. Therefore, we conclude that plant richness was not the variable that influenced the benefits evaluated, but rather a set of variables analyzed, ratifying the complexity of Tomé-Açu's AFSs. In general, the AFSs of Tomé-Açu meet the expectations of producers in terms of economic return, besides generating benefits related to climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation. In particular, the AFSs with the oil palm component showed better performance in the scores of benefits generation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Composição e riqueza de Odonata (Insecta) em riachos com diferentes níveis de conservação em um ecótone Cerrado-Floresta Amazônica
(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2014-06) JUEN, Leandro; OLIVEIRA JUNIOR, José Max Barbosa de; SHIMANO, Yulie; MENDES, Thiago Pereira; CABETTE, Helena Soares Ramos
The removal or substitution of riparian vegetation causes disturbance in physical environment, seasonal water flow and water chemical quality. These modifications can cause decrease in species richness by local extinctions. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of disturbance in the physical environmental on the richness and species composition of Odonata adults in streams with different levels of conservation in the river Suiá-Missu basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Modifications in the aquatic systems affected the Odonata community, probably because their ecophysiological and behavioral requirements of adults and larvae. Anisoptera species, which require sunny environments because of their body size, had higher species richness in environments with low plant cover. On the other hand, Zygoptera species, which generally inhabit streams with dense vegetation, presented a decrease in richness in disturbed environments, as a result high sunlight radiation and/or variations in temperature. Hence, in both suborders, environmental perturbations do not need to be severe to change species composition, indicating that ecosystem services could be lost, even with only partial alterations in physical environment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Currículo integrado para a biodiversidade da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-06) BLANDTT, Lucinaldo da Silva
This article is an exercise that seeks to encourage discussion of the scientific concept of integrated curriculum and teaching and its relationship with the biological and socio-cultural identity of the Amazon, in practice, the biodiversity in the anthropological view, it is clear that this discussion is very broad, and here do not exhaust, just insisted on several opinions that, right, strengthen the importance of the pedagogical practices of the integrated curriculum focused on the spot, and his characterizations special. ! e integrated curriculum is part of a concept of the learning organization that aims to provide an education that covers all forms of knowledge produced by human activity. It is a progressive vision of education as it does not separate the knowledge accumulated by humanity in the way that scientific knowledge acquired by students in their daily lives and cultural relations materials. the relation of knowledge of biodiversity and education needs is applied in the integrated curriculum, thus resulting in interdisciplinary environmental education practices. To be considered environmental education as a social process essential for the formation of the mentality of the citizens of a society, pass up the belief that the school is the ideal space for the socialization of knowledge that is the result of a long process: the relationship of man with nature and with others
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diversidade de Arctiinae (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) em área alterada em Altamira, Amazônia Oriental, Pará, Brasil
(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2010) TESTON, José Augusto; DELFINA, Márcia Cristina
This work evaluates the Arctiinae fauna in Altamira, Pará, in an area with strong human pressure, using light-traps during two nights at each stage of the new moon each month, from December 2007 to November 2008. The evaluation parameters were: richness, abundance, constancy, diversity index and evenness (Shannon H ‘and E’) and Brillouin (H and E), dominance of Berger-Parker (BP). The richness estimatives were made by means of non-parametric procedures, Bootstrap, Chao 1, Chao 2, Jackknife 1, Jackknife 2 and Michaelis-Mentem. We captured 420 specimens belonging to 64 species of Arctiinae, and 19 species recorded for the first time in the state of Pará. The values of the parameters analyzed for the total period were: H ‘= 4.69; E’ = 0.781; H = 4.37; E = 0.732 and BP = 0.183. During the less rainy season (June-November) we found the most significant values for all parameters. In the rain season (December to May) we found the most significant percentage of similarity. Richness estimators predicted the gathering of more than 18.7% to 60.9% of species.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diversidade de mamíferos e aves cinegéticas na terra do meio
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-02-28) SACCARDI, Victor; HERNÁNDEZ-RUZ, Emil José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9304799439158425; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3593-3260
Studies on species abundance are critical to understand the patterns and responses of communities to everlasting effects, like climate change, or transient disturbances, like hunting and deforestation. Millions of people in tropical forests depend on wildlife to ensure their protein intake and their food security. Terra do Meio is located in Pará state, Brazilian Amazon, in the watershed of the middle Xingu river, composing a group of protected areas that receive great deforestation pressure, where traditional indigenous and riverside populations live. In order to describe the diversity of medium and large mammals and game bird species of three Conservation Units, 835 km were covered in nine transects. Comparisons were also made between the areas, ascertaining the impacts of hunting, and proposed recommendations for the monitoring of the biodiversity. Population estimates of the species were obtained by the Distance Sampling method. Indirect data were also collected and camera traps also installed. 47 species were recorded. The results suggest that hunting does not drastically affect wild populations in the area and may indicate that local hunting currently tends to be sustainable. This study reinforces the importance of extensive areas for the maintenance of viable populations and the sustainability of hunting in these regions. This study presents estimates of species density in these areas, and it provides the first information on the diversity of mammals and game birds of Riozinho do Anfrísio Extractive Reserve.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estilos de pensamento sobre biodiversidade em pesquisas de educação ambiental Publicadas no EPEA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-03-21) SILVA, Emlly Hanna Souza da; SILVA, Maria de Fátima Vilhena da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0996110060293347; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0800-2444
The objective of this investigation was to analyze the epistemological contributions of Fleck and the theory of social representations in the context of the Environmental Heritage Education published in EPEA about biodiversity. The research was guided by the following question: What styles of thought about biodiversity articles circulating on the Meeting of Research in Education Environmentally EPEA and how they are linked to the Environmental Heritage Education? The research object is the theme biodiversity; the locus of research are 11 approved articles in the six meetings of Research in Education Environmentally EPEA performed in the years 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009 and 2011 Data analysis strategies are some of the content analysis proposed by Bardin involving the organization of the analysis, coding, categorization and inference. According to Fleck's epistemology results enabled the identification of eleven styles of thought circled in twenty-eight articles on biodiversity published in EPEA, namely: Environmental Equity; Utilitarian; Systemic; Naturalist / ecological / biological; Humanist; Environmental Criticism; Cultural; Conservationist; Scientific; Resolutivo; Sustainable. A collective of 28 researchers who presented papers on biodiversity in the approach of EPEA Environmental Heritage Education has been identified as one of the styles of thought on the topic biodiversity. The continuing education of the authors who had their articles are approved EPEA level of specialization, masters and doctoral degrees. The survey results indicate that some styles circulating in the collective esoteric and exoteric thoughts. The identified representations are noted for traditional ideas agreed by ecologists naturalistic, utilitarian and decisive nature of biodiversity. In this sense, I highlight the need to broaden the discussion of biodiversity research for a context involving economic, social and political issues. Already the most critical styles appeared outnumbered and intermediate styles, ie, are not traditional nor critics also had fewer occurrences. In this context it is necessary that the styles of thinking about biodiversity author of EPEA break with the already established traditional ideas and evolve into the most critical styles.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo fitoquímico e avaliação do potencial antimicrobiano e antioxidadnte das folhas de metrodorea flavida k. krause
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-09-29) CONCEIÇÃO, Carlos Maurício Nunes de Souza da; PINHEIRO, Wandson Braamcamp de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8867866033296703; SANTOS, Lourivaldo da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3232898465948962; SILVA, Milton Nascimento da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6742390457977989; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9755-4058
The species Metrodorea flavida K. Krause, popularly known as three leaves, belongs to the Rutaceae family, and is an endemic species of the Amazon biome. Despite belonging to a taxon of economic and medicinal relevance, in addition to being located in one of the regions of the planet with the greatest biotechnological relevance, there is still a scarcity of studies focused on the phytochemistry of M. flavida for this species. Therefore, this work sought to contribute to the phytochemical study of this species, through the determination of the chemical, chromatographic and spectroscopic profiles of M. flavida extracts, the isolation and structural elucidation of the major compounds, as well as the evaluation of antioxidant potentials. and antimicrobial from M. flavida leaf extracts. Firstly, microextractions were carried out from the plant leaves with the solvents ethyl acetate, 96% ethanol and 70% ethanol. After analyzing the profiles obtained by High Efficiency Thin Layer Chromatography, High Efficiency Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and antioxidant and antimicrobial tests with the extracts, an extraction was carried out by maceration using 70% ethanol, of this extract. fractionation occurred with Solid Phase Extraction, resulting in 23 fractions, of which the constituents of fraction 60%V1 were purified by high-performance liquid chromatography, as well as the isolated substances were elucidated by 1D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and 2D. The chemical profiles of the M. flavida extracts indicated the presence of substances from the classes of terpenes, flavonoids and coumarins, the antioxidant tests of the extracts demonstrated that the microextract obtained with 70% ethanol presented greater efficiency in scavenging DPPH• radicals, in addition, for antimicrobial tests, the microextract obtained with ethyl acetate showed the best results for strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. The 70% ethanol macerated extract was also tested for the same strains mentioned above and showed bactericidal action for S. aureus, B. subtilis and E. coli, in addition to bacteriostatic action for Salmonella typhimurium. From the 60%V1 fraction, five substances were isolated (S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5), which after analysis by NMR and thorough research on the Scinfinder and PubChem platforms, it was found that substances S2 and S4 are treated of two new dihydrochalcones, isolated for the first time from plants. In this way, the data obtained represent a contribution to the study of phytochemistry and the biological properties of the species M. flavida, as well as to the natural product chemistry, since two new natural compounds were discovered.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O "eu" e o verde: percepções sobre a natureza e a biodiversidade na área urbana do município de Belém-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-09-29) CARMO, Taiane Novaes do; MARTINS, Marlúcia Bonifácio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8882047165338427; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4171-909X
Green areas play a crucial role in human well-being, offering spaces for relaxation and connection with nature. In addition to promoting mental and emotional health, they provide environments conducive to physical activities and social interactions, contributing to an improved quality of life in urban areas. In this study, a series of interviews were conducted with pedestrians in Belém, aiming to investigate the interactions between socio-environmental factors and human well-being within the urban context. The scope of the investigation focused on analyzing the perceptions of urban residents regarding green areas and examining how such perceptions influence individuals' well-being and their connections with local biodiversity. The underlying hypothesis subjected to analysis asserts that positive interactions with green areas are associated with an increase in the level of human well-being and, consequently, a greater valuation and conservation of these spaces. The analysis of the results revealed that perceptions of green areas may sometimes diverge from the environmental reality; however, the interviewed individuals frequently shared feelings of proximity and benefits within the urban context. Notably, plants with dietary and medicinal utilities played a prominent role in promoting health. Additionally, positive attitudes towards fauna were common in well-preserved green areas. Conversely, negative perceptions were often linked to a lack of knowledge about proper management practices and deficiencies in maintaining natural environments. The analysis of pedestrians' responses in Belém highlights the discrepancy between perception and the reality of the green environment, while underscoring the affinity and perceived biodiversity benefits in the urban context.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Explorando a biodiversidade do rio Xingu: apresentação e validação de um novo equipamento de amostragem de DNA ambiental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-04-29) BAHIANA, Bruno Gonçalves; KEPPELER, Friedrich Wolfgang; GIARRIZZO, Tommaso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5889416127858884
Knowledge and monitoring of biodiversity are key elements for defining actions and initiatives focused on nature conservation and restoration. However, monitoring techniques are generally expensive and time-consuming, which complicates efforts to identify and manage biological diversity. In this sense, it is essential to investigate new fast, non-invasive and low-cost methods that can provide reliable and robust results and information, highlighting, in this context, approaches based on the use of environmental DNA (eDNA). eDNA is a complex mixture of genetic material originating from entire organisms or parts of them, present in environmental matrices, which can be, for example, soil, water or sediment. This project presents a prototype of a simple and low-cost equipment to obtain eDNA sampling, aiming to explore the richness and composition of the ichthyofauna in the Fish Transposition System of the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant (HPP), located in the middle course of the Xingu River, a hyperdiverse river located in the Amazon Brazilian. To this end, a new and affordable piece of equipment was manufactured for passive collection of genetic material (eDNA) using a metal structure and two PVC tubes. A flow meter was attached to one of the tubes and two rolls of gauze were firmly attached to the other tube. From the samples, which were collected every two hours over a 24-hour period, a species inventory was generated using a combination of fish-specific molecular markers (Tele02 12S). To validate the equipment and the proposed methodology, the temporal variation in the richness and composition of the fish fauna detected with eDNA were compared with those recorded during monitoring using the Video-Image System located at the exit of the STP. The results indicate that the method was efficient and sampled 100% of the ichthyofauna orders that were recorded in monitoring with SVI, but the similarity between the two methods reduced as taxonomic specificity increased. This result can be explained by the low representation of Xingu species in existing genomic libraries. In this sense, eDNA is a promising approach with great potential to become a valuable tool for studying and monitoring the composition of fish in highly diverse tropical freshwater rivers with affordable costs and minimal impacts on organisms and habitats, but which, in this At the moment, more basic research is needed so that it can replace and/or complement traditional sampling methods.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Indicações geográficas e agrobiodiversidade no contexto amazônico: a necessidade de um desenvolvimento territorial que leve em consideração a identidade cultural inerente aos produtos oriundos do conhecimento tradicional
(Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, 2018-08) OLIVEIRA, Amanda Borges de; MOREIRA, Eliane Cristina Pinto
Investigating the potential of Geographical Indications for the protection of agrobiodiversity products derived from traditional knowledge is the central objective of this work. As for the methodology, it is an exploratory research, counting on data from Bibliographic Research and Field Research. The first one aimed at understanding the main concepts addressed in this work as Geographical Indications, Territorial Development and Agrobiodiversity. The Field Survey refers to the case of the Geographical Indication for the flour of Bragança -PA, still in the articulation phase, through direct observation and interrogation. A systematic observation and questioning based on forms directed to the main actors involved in the construction of the mentioned Geographical Indication project were applied, such as representatives of the cooperative elected to present the application to the INPI, public and private agents included in the process, besides the contributions of producers, reference in the production of the flour of Bragança. Therefore, from the case cited, through the induction method, it was concluded that for the protection of agrobiodiversity products, derived from traditional knowledge, it is necessary that the Geographical Indication project and its subsequent management be based on a the idea of territorial development, which takes into account not only the final product with economic prospects, but also the cultural identity inherent to the product, as well as the various social actors related to it, permeating its entire productive chain and collaborating to access markets in a qualitative way.