Navegando por Assunto "Biologia ambiental"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análises populacionais em Lutjanus purpureus (Poey, 1866) da costa atlântica ocidental a partir de marcadores moleculares
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-02) SILVA, Raimundo Darley Figueiredo da; GOMES, Grazielle Fernanda Evangelista; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5740656339448561; SCHNEIDER, Horacio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3621033429800270
Marine organisms with wide distribution are excellent models for the understanding of historical genetic connectivity patterns. Lutjanus purpureus, or Caribbean snapper, as the species is popularly known, is a marine Teleost belonging to the Family Lutjanidae. The species distribution is from Cuba to the Northeast of Brazil, being often found on rocky and sandy bottoms. It has high economic importance, however there are few studies available on the genetic architecture of the species. Of major goals of this study, the first deals with the development and characterization of the EPIC primers, for population approaches in L. purpureus, and others marine teleosts. The characterization of genomic regions with sufficient polymorphism to population analysis is fundamental for genetic studies with multiple unlinked regions. Were obtained eight primers, and the majority has high levels of genetic variation. EPIC primers have the advantage of being applicable on a wide taxonomic level, thereby these primers were tested and amplified in other taxonomic groups of organisms, so that an indication can be useful in various approaches to intraspecific groups of marine fish. The second main objective was to evaluate issues of genetic diversity, demographics and historical genetic connectivity for L. purpureus using multiple loci (mitochondrial and nuclear DNA). It was found high levels of genetic diversity, probably related to a high effective size presented by species. The Caribbean snapper apparently shows high levels of genetic homogeneity along of the study area, which is consistent with biological traits of species such as spawning in offshore and larval pelagic development. In relation to aspects of historical demography, a population growth scenario is presented, whose beginning is dated about 170,000 years, this period being congruent with a period of glacial maximum to the region of the western Atlantic.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Autenticação molecular de filés de pargo e protocolo forense para Lutjanídeos (Lutjanidae – Perciformes)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-02) VENEZA, Ivana Barbosa; GOMES, Grazielle Fernanda Evangelista; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5740656339448561; SAMPAIO, Maria Iracilda da Cunha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2482763145819602
The demand for seafood has increased remarkably, and because of this, industries have diversified the presentation of fish, offering products processed as fillets, for example. This tendency on the one hand stimulates consumption, but on the other reduces its reliability since processed fish have high replacement rates. The process removes parts of the body used to recognize the species, and then the identification is compromised, especially in a large group of fish with morphological similarities, as is the case of the red snappers of Lutjanidae family. These fish have large worldwide economic interest, and in Brazil the most popular species is the Pargo - Lutjanus purpureus. There are several other factors that favor the replacement of this species: Joint capture the other snappers, inaccurate statistical record, popular nomenclature standard out and mislabelling of product. Therefore, this study investigated whether the fillets sold in supermarkets in Bragança-PA, under the label of "Pargo", to belong to species L. purpureus. Through DNA barcode method was able to detect 22% of the sampled fillets corresponded to the species Rhomboplites aurorubens, low commercial value snapper in the region. The results point to the need to prevent such practices, and provide grant to help fight the replacements, with the competent bodies, industry and supermarkets. Despite the effectiveness of barcode DNA technique for identification, there are more practical and inexpensive methods that have been suggested for the development of authentication protocols fishery products, such as those based on multiplex PCR. In view of the numerous reports of fraud in derivative products snappers, we developed a protocol for forensic identification banding pattern, for three of the main species of red marketed in Brazil: L. purpureus, L. synagris and Ocyurus chrysurus. This protocol is an alternative to be applied both for the supervision, in the search for replacement and so on protection of consumer rights; as in routine commercial and industrial sectors, in order to control quality and ensure the authenticity of products.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Processo participativo da mulher na cadeia produtiva do mexilhão Mytella charruana (D’orbgny, 1846) na comunidade Vila Nova, Bragança-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-26) ARAUJO, Zilah Therezinha de Souza; SILVA, Iracely Rodrigues da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5393264898435715; SIQUEIRA, Deis Elucy; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8347270681208567
The study of the sexual division of the Mytella Charruana productive chain from Vila –nova, Bragança-PA, was developed on Juner 2013 to February, 2014. Aiming to analyze women’s participation and appreciation in those activities. For this, we have chosen two categories for analysis: traditional community and the work’s sexual division. Presenting the productive chain of Mitilídeo Mytella charruana. With Own resources, we followed the qualitative method presenting ten families that selected because they used to organize the mollusk’s extraction activities in the same area. As an methodological instrument the snow ball technique, to identify the leaders and the formation of the sample group; the interview ,the questionnaire and the informal talk, the participative observation, and picture registers.The investigation resulted in the following of identification of men and women in the productive chain: the collection data, the extraction process and the Mytella charruana’s commercialization. Concluding that from the moment it started to be introduced and sold in market, men became responsible for the collection, and responsible for the first and final step of the mollusk extraction. And that women are responsible for the space prepping to the products’ arriving after the extraction of it, the cleaning of each product, the rescues’ collect process after selection, of the review process of extraction of each shell to extract possible content of mass, adding to daily domestic activities. Whereas women’s work, the strict hygienic treatment of Mytella charuana, is considered the big deal when dealing with regional costumers, the valorization goes to man. The investigation also showed the excessive exploration of the natural resources that need normatization and extra hand careful dealing with it, to avoid damages in the environment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Resíduos sólidos e os impactos socioambientais no rio Cereja: subsídios para a gestão sustentável em Bragança-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-06-30) SILVA FILHO, Claudio Padilha da; SILVA, Iracely Rodrigues da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5393264898435715; NUNES, Zélia Maria Pimentel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6811447795113292
The generation of municipal solid waste and its disposal is a worldwide problem. The growth of urban centers, the population explosion and environmental conflicts of humanity have been primarily responsible for human pressure on water resources in most cities. This study aims to evaluate the distribution and gravimetric composition of municipal solid waste (MSW) deposited on the river Cherry in the city of Bragança-PA. They were spread over 3.5 kilometers of urban stretch of the river 5 different points for collection of MSW during the rainy and dry season. The analysis of gravimetric composition of municipal solid waste was conducted a questionnaire on environmental awareness to people living around the river and the metrics of environmental integrity indicator (IIA) at the point of collection. The gravimetric composition of MSW in the rainy season was composed of rubber (37%), metal (23%), glass (13%) and paper / cardboard (9%). In the dry season, the highlights were polymerized / hard plastic (35%), metal (28%), polystyrene (19%). The IIA River Cherry presented classification of medium to low in relation to the diversity of habitats. Environmental characterization, the collection point showed better condition was point 1 (P1) and the collection point worse condition was P4. Gravimetric analysis of MSW disposed along the river showed a significant percentage of insusceptible material recycling. Note the need for environmental education program to promote actions that reduce and separate the MSW at the source, encouraging recycling, collection, processing and proper disposal.