Navegando por Assunto "Biomass energy"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Craqueamento termocatalítico do óleo de buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.), óleo de palma (Elaeis guineensis) e sabões do óleo de buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-06-30) SILVA, Marcilene Silva da; MACHADO, Nelio Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5698208558551065; BORGES, Luiz Eduardo Pizarro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8756886156388456
The present work aims to investigate the Thermocatalytic Cracking Process of the Buriti Oil ( L.), Palm Oil (Elaeis guineensis) and burit oil soap, considering the transformation of vegetable oils and soaps using the thermocatalytic cracking in biofuels, using Na2CO3 (Sodium Carbonate), CaCO3 (Calcium Carbonate), CaO (Calcium Oxide) and Acidic Zeolites (HZSM-5) as catalysts and temperatures of 420, 450 and 480 ° C. The fruit of Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L) was collected and extracted from the pulp oil, and then this oil was characterized in relation to the Acidity Index, Saponification Number, Viscosity, Density, Refractive Index and CHN analysis. In preliminary tests it was used the refined and neutralized palm oil, so they were not characterized. Buriti soap was prepared in the laboratory with potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide and stored for thermal pyrolysis. The catalysts were also characterized in relation to Infrared, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of 29Si and 27Al, XRay Diffraction, thermal analysis, chemical analysis and TPD of ammonia. In the process of thermocatalytic cracking the liquid products produced were analyzed regarding the parameters: yield, acidity index, infrared spectrum, NMR and CHN analysis and then were characterized in relation to density and kinematic viscosity. However, regarding the level of acidity of the liquid products, only basic catalysts produced cracked with acceptable values for use as fuel. From the results it was verified the efficiency of catalysts in which the sodium carbonate catalyst gave products with low acidity and good characteristics for use as fuel.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Metodologia para análise exergética-econômica de plantas a vapor para geração de eletricidade consumindo resíduo de biomassa amazônica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009) MENDES, Manoel do Espírito Santo dos Santos; RENDEIRO, Gonçalo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3093595858773332; NOGUEIRA, Manoel Fernandes Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2324813094737469
The availability of energy resources price increasing promotes directly impacts the social-economic development. The rise for energy in Brazil, the efficient use of energy as strategic activity for the industrial sector. The energy evaluations employed in this sector aims to optimize the efficiency of its thermal systems. This energy performance assessments is based on the First Law of Thermodynamics and are able to quantify only the loss of energy, different from exergetic evaluation that allowing qualify this energy lost. The exergetic analysis is difficult and time consuming, requiring the development of a protocol to be performed quickly. In this case, the protocol must attend particularitities of the Amazon biomass, as well as it´s environment. This paper proposes and applies a methodology of energy and exergetic analysis as well as exergo-economic analysis a steam power plant installed at Belém, Pa funning on Rankine cycle. After these evaluations, the energy rate and energy losses are gotten, and also exergy rate and it’s rate destruction, the cost rate for each product and the monetary cost of the energy produced by the plant in R$/kWh. Such results, make possible to identify the largest energy losses of the power plant, quantify the cost of destruction of exergy in key equipment and the rate of cost of main products of the plant that are thermal energy and electricity. This allows quantify the energetic, economic and exergetic performance in each of the plant equipment and indicating the processes that deserve a development work to improve their economic efficiency. Moreover, the cost of the energy capacity in R$/kWh produced by power plant steam was compared with the value charged for the local energy utility. This comparison showed that power plant has energy cost less than the utility price.