Navegando por Assunto "Borracha"
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Crédito hipotecário no Brasil: uma análise comparativa entre as praças de Belém e São Paulo (1870 – 1930)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-07-06) LEANDRO, Leonardo Milanez de Lima; MARCONDES, Renato Leite; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0017510939441350; SILVA, Fábio Carlos da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3704903975084467The rubber extraction and coffee, in the final of the nineteenth and early twentieth century, formed the economic base of the North and Southeast of Brazil. In such regions, the advancement of world capitalism put those regional economies in contact with industrialized centers, which required rubber and coffee. The paths the respective economies placed them as the main sources of private fortune accumulation as well as taxes arrecadations. Belem and Sao Paulo became, at that time, fundamental poles of brazilian capitalism, being the main centers of those economies. However, when the source of rubber to industrialized economies began to shift to the tropical Asian rubber plantations, a serious crisis caused the Amazon region could not remain as one of the poles of brazilian capitalism, as had occurred between the years 1888 and 1917. The Southeast region, in contrast, remained significantly dynamic, confirming his post main center of the brazilian economy. It is known that foreign sources of capital were the main sources of financing of these economies. On the other hand, rubber and coffee production dynamics, from their internal accumulation patterns have given rise to domestic savings, which could be traded on a private credit market, boosting regional economies. Whereas various studies have indicated and analyzed the participation of foreign capital in these economies, this thesis deals a topic not yet addressed by the economic historiography: a comparative analysis of the role of domestic savings in financing activities and the economic and social life of Belem and Sao Paulo. In addressing the history of the indian rubber and coffee economies from the documental analysis of the characteristics of mortgage markets of its main squares, and institutional changes observed there, the aim was to bring the discussion new elements that help in understanding the different paths taken for those economies that made Sao Paulo emerged as the center and Belem as pole of a peripheral region of brazilian capitalism.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Da seringa à farinhada: produção e modo de vida na Reserva Extrativista Riozinho da Liberdade, Vale do Juruá – Acre(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-11-27) SOUSA, Tatiane Silva; O’DWYER, Eliane Cantarino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7254906067108841; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0523-188XThis work has as its objective to observe the dynamics of social relations networks in order to verify how people and groups build strategies to ensure the reproduction of their social, cultural and economic practices in communities localized in Extractive Reserve (RESEX) Riozinho da Liberdade, Alto Juruá, Acre. For such, I use the concept of social networks as method strategy and techniques such as observant participation in the communities Morro da Pedra and periquito. Photos, interviews, genealogies and keeping a field notebook were also techniques used. I initially address the historical and social intricacies that culminated in the formation of the Vale do Juruá’s rubber tapper settlements in the Juruá Valley, Acre, based on a brief historical overview of events that range from the first rubber cycle with the establishment of the rubber plantation (1870-1912), until its collapse, when there was an end to protectionist rubber policies and the advance of the border in the Acre Amazon at the end of the 20th century, a moment in which the political and economic interests of the Brazilian State towards the Amazon changed, which started to encourage its colonization and finance infrastructure projects that have come to threaten the way of life of people from traditional communities, a situation that has led to a series of local conflicts in Acre. At this time, the rubber tappers' social movement emerged as a form of resistance, which was initially organized and represented by the Rural Workers' Union (STR). Union stations in rubber tapper settlements, as well as Rubber Tapper’s National Council (CNS) and local associations, were founded during this time, which came to enhance their struggle. The rubber tapper’s social movement established alliances with indigenous peoples, the environmental movement, international organisms and other institutions, pressuring the Brazilian State to recognize their social and territorial rights to put an end to the system of trading outposts managed by landlords (barracões) and to create the RESEXs. At RESEX Riozinho da Liberdade, created in 2005 after another decade of struggle, the end of the extractive activity as the main source of income brought with it a period of changes. The rubber tappers began to dedicate themselves to agriculture, cultivating mainly manioc flour. Families migrate from settlements in the interior of the forest (colocações) and gather on the banks of the Riozinho da Liberdade, where public institutions began to operate in the 1990s, influencing the formation of communities that exist today on the banks of the river. It is observed that between the period of colocações and now there are structural continuities in the way in which domestic groups build their exchange and kinship relationships. Until today relationships of asymmetric trading (aviamento) occurs, but the immobilization of labor as was previously the case in the rubber plantations no longer occurs. The creation of RESEX assured territorial rights, but not new sources of income based on extractivism, which has been worked on by new associations, albeit in an incipient form. Local networks based on kinship, reciprocity, supply and assistance are important to guarantee production, marketing, food and assistance in times of difficulty. In this way, guaranteeing security, social and economic stability to domestic groups.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Em busca das “patacas”: patrimônio de portugueses na economia da borracha (Belém, 1840-1930)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-02-26) TAVARES, Anndrea Caroliny da Costa; CANCELA, Cristina Donza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8393402118322730This essay discusses the composition of the Portugueses immigrants’ fortunes, in the city of Belém, between the years of 1840 to 1930. By the post mortem inventories serial study and other sources, it was possible to analyze what were the main forms of investments most common among the portugueses in the city, between the periods of arise, peak and decline of the rubber extractive economy. Seeking not only to investigate the composition of wealth itself, but also the possible changes, or the lack of it, on the fortunes accumulation patterns, demonstrating these individual’s active participation in the city’s dynamics.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) “Partindo mais ou menos pobre, voltando mais ou menos rico”: a emigração de aveirenses ao Pará (1882-1918)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-03-10) TAVARES, Anndrea Caroliny da Costa; CANCELA, Cristina Donza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8393402118322730Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) “Soldados da borracha” – esquecidos ou não lembrados?(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-08) PEREIRA, Gilson LaoneThis article proposes an interpretation on the way of life of the “soldiers of the rubber”, which were Brazilians who had acted in the Second World War. They were recruited by the Brazilian government, which is taking advantage of the problems faced by northeasterners; recruit thousands of them to go to the Amazon working on the extraction of latex, which would be exported to the United States to support the government and its allies in the war. With the entry of the Americans in the war, and with the taking of Malaysia by Japan, who was with the hegemony of the rubber during that period, Brazil was the only one able to provide this material. Within the performance Brazilian in Second War were on the scene over 70 thousand soldiers, about 25,000 members of the Brazilian Expeditionary Force and a little more than 55,000 soldiers who served in the extraction of latex. By means of material culture can identify information on the way of life for the soldiers of the rubber in the rubber plantations in the north of Brazil, It confirmed the intense adversity found.