Navegando por Assunto "Bovinocultura de leite"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Cadeia produtiva da bovinocultura leiteira no município de Tailândia, estado do Pará: sistemas de produção e tecnologia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015) NERES, Lilaine de Sousa; SENA, Ana Laura dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6603890343726711; LOURENÇO JÚNIOR, José de Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2919433679918544
This dissertation aims to characterize the productive chain of dairy cattle in the municipality of Thailand, Pará, Mesoregion Northeast Pará. Were evaluated secondary data on government and institutional sites, and primary data through interviews with producers, community leaders and experts from public institutions. The milk production chain suffered changes due to changes in the local economy, characterized by pressure on environmental enforcement and introduction of new crops. The median age of producers was 52.5 years, with low educational level and performance in the business for over ten years. Milk production is the main income-generating activity, among other rural and urban character. The properties using traditional system with reduced use of forages and supplemental feeding. As health measures, there is compliance on the implementation of FMD vaccine, under control and supervision of the Agricultural Protection Agency of Pará, as well as prevention against parasites and worms, however, there is no control and reproductive planning. Milking is done manually in a covered corral, once a day, and only 34.7% of the properties have piped water on site to hygiene of food handlers, utensils and animals. Because of the suspension of activities of the municipal dairythe production milk and dairy products is piped to the informal trade, which configures a public health problem. The properties had a high technological level, reflecting in animal productivity, with an overall average of just 4.59 liters / cow / day. In this context, it is important that public policies promote sustainable production systems through technology transfer, the development of production of dairy products, with certification of quality and food safety, bearing in mind the preservation of social, economic cultural and of family farmers.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização dos sistemas de produção na bovinocultura leiteira nas mesorregiões sudeste e nordeste paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-02-25) DANTAS, Vanderson Vasconcelos; GODOY, Bruno Spacek; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4036516695601666; OAIGEN, Ricardo Pedroso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8056365542183068
The dairy industry is of great importance in the regional economy in terms of employment and income generation , especially for family farming . Know the reality of these systems becomes essential so that they can generate specific grants for further development of the activity. In this context, studies on the different production systems emerge as an important tool. The objective of this study systems of milk production was characterized in the regions of Southeast and Northeast Pará through the use of multivariate analysis techniques . The survey was conducted through questionnaires with 112 properties located in the municipalities of Ulianópolis - PA and PA - Irituia . Data were tabulated in Microsoft Excel and processed using SPSS 18.0 software . Through frequency analysis revealed that the total area of varied properties 7-1600 ha . The owners were ranked according to the number of cows in the existing properties and the lowest represented by those with less than 10 cows, which corresponded to 5.35 % and higher over 50 ( 23.21 %). Regarding herd productivity observed an overall average of 4.34 ( L cow -1 day -1) . Feeding the flock is based on cultivated pastures , being the most used braquiarão . Only 19.60% of the properties held supplementation with concentrate and roughage with 13.39% . The reproductive management is performed in 86.6 % through natural mating without any control , which results in little specialized animals for dairy production . The management of milking presents itself as the poor hygienic and sanitary conditions , resulting in a poor quality product . Management practices show little expression among producers . With respect to the typology established through factor analysis revealed four factors that explained 66.99 % of the original variables , and the cluster analysis identified 4 groups of producers with similar profiles . The group III corresponded to the group of producers that had the highest adoption of technology such as supplemental feeding , health management , milking and activity management technology, thus having better performance with an average productivity of 5.02 ( L cow -1 day -1) . Groups I and II are characterized by family production systems with low specialization and low productivity and group IV consists of family farmers who presented with an incipient share of agriculture production , having the lowest production and economic returns.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estimativas de parâmetros genéticos para a produção de leite e idade ao primeiro parto em vacas da raça pardo-suiça utilizando amostrador de Gibbs
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-07-03) BRCKO, Carolina Carvalho; ARAÚJO, Cláudio Vieira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5049897507837031
Data from 2.981 lactations of Brown Swiss cows, from 62 herds, calving from 1980 to 2002, were used to check the influence of genetic and not genetic factors, on milk yield and age at first calving. An animal model used included the fixed effect of herds, age-season of calving and grade of cows, random effect of animal and temporary environment. For milk yield, in addition to the fixed effects described above, is also included the linear effect of lactation length and linear and quadratic effects of the age at first calving, as co-variables. Bayesian inference was used to estimate the components of (co) variance through of Gibbs sampling, the size of chain of 1,500,000 rounds and burn in 500,000 rounds. The frequency of sampling was 500 rounds. The estimated average for milk yield and age at first calving were 5347.471849.13 kg and 29,65  4,51 months respectively. The effects of herd, year of calving and lactation length, significantly influenced the production of milk (P <0.01). The age at first calving was influenced by the effects of herd, year of calving (P <0.01), beyond the end of season of calving (P <0.05). The heritability estimates obtained for the milk yield and age at first calving were e 0.23 and 0.18, respectively. The genetic correlation was -0.31. The genetic and phenotypic trend for milk yield was 1.09 kg and 115.34 kg of milk, respectively, for each year of production. For age at first calving, the values of genetic breeding have become negative from 1988, with reduction of approximately 0.05 months of each year and there was a reduction of 32 to 28 months of age at first calving. Daughters of sires with a high genetic value for milk tend to have faster growth or physiological maturity at a very early age, reducing the age at first calving.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo das deficiências minerais em vacas em lactação da bacia leiteira do município de Rondon do Pará, estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-12-10) BOMJARDIM, Henrique dos Anjos; BARBOSA NETO, José Diomedes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1516707357889557
We conducted a study of mineral deficiencies in lactating cows from dairy herds belonging to 13 properties of the milk basin of Rondon do Pará, in the state of Pará. We determined the levels of phosphorus (P), specific gravity and percentage of ash in the bone and levels of copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) in the liver of 47 dairy cows in lactation 2. These samples were collected by means of biopsies performed in the top third of the 12th rib on the right side and the caudal edge of the caudate lobe of the liver, respectively. The herds were composed of crossbred (Holstein x Zebu), kept in extensive production system on Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu and received mineral supplementation. The mineral mixture in 12 properties were commercial type, called "full" and the owners added a quantity of salt above the manufacturer's recommendations in ten properties. In addition, the mineral mixtures were provided in troughs without covering in seven properties and in other eight, the providing of the mineral mix was not performed daily. In 11 properties there were clinical histories consistent with mineral deficiencies in livestock and placenta retention and osteophagia were the most frequently reported ones. The results of chemical analysis showed deficiency in P in five properties, in Co in two properties, in Se in eight properties, in Zn in eight properties. It is concluded that the deficiency of P, Se and Zn occurs in a greater proportion and the deficiency of Co occurs in a lesser proportion and the mineral supplementation performed in the properties do not supply the daily demands of P, Se and Co, based on the estimated daily consumption of 30 g of NaCl per animal and the troughs little adequate or inadequate for proper supplementation, as well as inconstant supply of mineral mixtures contribute to the deficiency of one or more minerals.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
"Inquerito sorológico de Neospora caninum em rebanhos bovinos leiteiros no município de Parauapebas, mesorregião sudeste do estado do Pará"
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-06-29) SILVA, Clóvis Laurindo da; FREITAS, José de Arimatéa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2382745365421156
Neospora caninum is a world-wide coccidian protozoa which causes considerable damages at animals breeding. To survey the frequence of anti-N. caninum antibodies in bovine milkmen in Parauapebas county, Southeast Mesoregion of Pará State, Northern Brazil, 465 serum samples coming from 45 farmers were submitted to indirect immunofluorescence reaction (cutting point 1:100); 62 (13,33%) samples have demonstrated the presence of anti-N. caninum antibodies, with the following distribution: 27 (43,55%) in 1:100 dilution; 14 (22,58%) in 1:200 dilution; 16 (25,80%) in 1:400; and 5 (8,07%) in 1:800 dilution. None serum had tittle in over 1:800 dilution. In a high percentage there was only an animal with anti-N. caninum antibodies; the major frequence was observed between females, but was’nt observed significative difference between animal sexes; animals with equal or over five years old presented major percentage of positive serum proporcionaly to number of positives serum of younger animals. The results have demonstrated that bovine milkmen of Parauapebas county had a considerable frequence of anti-N. caninum antibodies. Sanitary surveillance measures are necessary to prevent the entrance of N. caninum and to control the difusion of this protozoa at the regional bovine milkmen.