Navegando por Assunto "Câncer"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da citotoxicidade e seletividade do extrato, frações e alcaloide de Geissospermum sericeum (Apocynaceae) em linhagens celulares ACP02, HepG2 e VERO
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-08-07) BASTOS, Mírian Letícia Carmo; BAHIA, Marcelo de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3219037174956649; DOLABELA, Maria Fâni; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0458080121943649
This study evaluated the antitumor activity of G. sericeum in primary gastric adenocarcinoma (ACP02), the selectivity and the mechanism of cell death. The G. sericeum bark powder was submitted to the exhaustive maceration with ethanol, which he resultant solution was concentrated on rotaevaporator until residue. For the fractionation of G. sericeum extract was used the fractionation under reflux and acid-basic partition. The alkaloid fraction (FAGS) obtained from the acid-basic partition was submitted to the open chromatography column (OCC), using Sephadex LH – 20 as stationary fase and the methanol as mobile fase, resulting in the subfracion F6FAGS. This subfracion was submitted to semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the indole alkaloid (F3F6FAGS) was isolated. The cytotoxicity and antitumor activity of the ethanol extract, its fractions and F3F6FAGS were assessed through cell viability assay with MTT ([3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide]) in tumor-cell lines: ACP02, hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and normal VERO cells (African green monkey). The samples with inhibitory concentration (IC50) below 100 μg/mL were considered active for antitumor activity in ACP02. The samples with IC50 ≤ 100 μg/mL were considered cytotoxic for cell lines HepG2 and VERO. The selectivity index (SI) was obtained from the ratio between the CC50 and IC50 values and the samples were considered selective with SI higher than two, indicating that this activity is twice selective for tumor cells. The most selective samples were submitted to quantification of cell death with fluorescent dyes Hoechst 33342 (HO), Propionium Iodide (PI) and Fluorescein Diacetate (FDA) during 24 and 72 hours of exposure. All samples were active or moderately active for antitumor activity and exhibited moderate cytotoxic activity or were not cytotoxic. The FAGS and indole alkaloid had lower IC50 (FAGS = 18, 29 μg/mL e F3F6FAGS = 12, 06 μg/mL) bigger CC50 (FAGS-CC50 = 173, 3 μg/mL for VERO and 299,45 μg/mL for HepG2 and F3F6FAGS CC50 476 μg/mL for renal cells and CC50 503,5 μg/mL for hepatic cells) and were more selective (F3F6FAGS- SI = 39,4 for VERO and SI = 41,74 for HepG2 and FAGS- SI = 9,5 for VERO and SI = 16,37 for HepG2). The FAGS had greater apoptosis and necrosis in 24h and 48h with increased necrosis in the higher concentrations and with the increase of the exposure time. For alkaloid, apoptosis and necrosis were shown concentration and time-dependent, with a lower necrosis rate. These results suggest some selectivity of the F3F6FAGS alkaloid for gastric cancer. However, the bigger cytotoxicity and the lower selectivity of FAGS are probably related to the synergism of its alkaloids for apoptosis and necrosis.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da integridade genômica mitocondrial em gliomas de alto e baixo grau na população paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-12-14) COSTA JÚNIOR, Carlos Antonio da; BORGES, Bárbara do Nascimento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0676220027193876
Cancer is characterized by fast abnormal cells proliferation which grow beyond their normal limits and may invade adjacent or distant tissue. Cancer CNS represents 2% of all cancers in the world, being slightly higher in men than in women. Mitochondria are responsible for producing most of the cellular ATP by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), may also act through glycolysis for same purpose, not requiring only oxygen. This option is a particular cancer cell property, also known as the Warburg effect. One hypothesis to explain this metabolic change may be related to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) defects caused by OXPHOS where these mutations can lead cancer cells to glycolysis. Eight mtDNA regions (D-LOOP, ND1, ND3, CO I, CO II CO III, ATPase 6 and ATPase 8) were analyzed in patients’ neoplastic tissues with glial cell cancer in Pará population, relating the data with the pathological and clinical characteristics of the patients. Among the changes found, the complex I seem to be decisive for the progression of high-grade tumors, as well as changes indel seem compromising important structures for OXPHOS. Deletions 4977 bp, when combined with other changes in ND1 / ND3 or heteroplasmias suggest poor prognosis, however, seem to have a reduced risk when changes in ND1 and ND3 are simultaneous.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da toxicidade e correlação com polimorfismos no gene de reparo X-RCC1 em pacientes com neoplasias do trato gastrointestinal submetidos a radio e quimioterapia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-12-18) SOUZA, Paulo Gustavo Cavalcanti de; ASSUMPÇÃO, Paulo Pimentel de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7323606327039876; SANTOS, Ney Pereira Carneiro dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1290427033107137
The intestine tract neoplasms consist in an important problem of Brazil’s health as consequence of its incidence and mortality. Radiotherapy plays a fundamental work as part of gastric and rectal cancer treatment. The vastly background in radiobiology and the recently advances in the comprehension of molecular mechanisms involved in the behaviour of tumour cells and the normal tissues to ionizing radiation has been demonstrating the importance of repair DNA genes. The gene XRCC-1 plays an important work repairing ionizing lesions, working in the answers of single strand break through repairing by base excision. XRCC-1 base polymorphisms can influence the answer of radiotherapy’s answer, in the same way the toxicity showed on them. In the present study we analysed the toxicity of gastric and rectal cancer patients submitted to radiation treatment and chemotherapy and its relation with the occurrence of specifics polymorphisms of XRCC-1 GENE, C194T (rs1799782) and INDEL 4 bp GGCC (rs3213239). Our data showed a general toxicity rate of 64,5 %, but only 24,5 % were grade 3 or 4. The specific toxicity grade 3 or 4 rate were 16,3 % diarrhea, 6 % dermatitis and 6 % nausea. We did not find and correlation between the polymorphisms C194T (rs1799782) and INDEL (rs1799782) and the rate of toxicity found, except when we evaluated patients with gastric and rectal cancer separately. In the latter group, the allele T of C194T was associated with a higher incidence of nausea, with a 10,5 fold risk and a p value of 0,03. Although this positive correlation, we believe that the number of patients in our study was insufficient to a more accurate correlation between toxicity and polymorphisms.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação seriada do perfil hematológico e bioquímico de primatas não humanos da espécie Sapajus apella tratados com lde-oleato de paclitaxel como instrumento para a terapêutica do câncer
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-02-23) OLIVEIRA, Nayara Cristina Lima de; BURBANO, Rommel Mario Rodriguéz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4362051219348099
Study of a chemotherapy delivery system, called LDE, with lipid composition similar to the natural low density lipoproteins of the body, denominated by the acronym LDL. LDEs have advantages over commercial chemical forms, since it is able to concentrate in the neoplastic tissues after injection into the circulatory chain, thus being able to target the tumors. LDE can be used as a "carrier" of paclitaxel (PTX) for possible reduction of toxicity and increase of its therapeutic action. The use of non-human primates as in vivo experimental models are of great importance in human health applications due to their anatomical, biochemical and phylogenetic similarities with human primates, generating results that can be interpreted more closely and safely to The phenomena in humans. The aim of the project was to evaluate the chronic toxicity of nanoparticles associated with to chemotherapy Paclitaxel (LDE-PTX) in individuals of the Sapajus apella species, based on the determination of hematological and biochemical parameters and their possible alterations. During the research 15 animals were used, divided into groups: Negative control (CN); Experimental (EXP1 and EXP2) where the animals received LDE-PTX intravenously two different doses of 175 mg / m2 and 250 mg / m2 respectively; and positive control (CP1 and CP2) where the animals intravenously received the drug in commercial form at the same doses used in the experimental group, respectively. Primates were accompanied for 6 cycles of chemotherapy, with interval of 3 weeks. Hematological and biochemical analysis was performed at each cycle through erythrogram and leukogram, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, albumin and globulin, total bilirubin and fractions, glycemia, amylase and serum lipase. E of the sodium and potassium eletrolytes were carried out in the serum of the animals during the collection days. Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and submitted to analysis of variance ANOVA, with Bonferroni post-test with significance for p <0.05, through BioEstat®5.3. The obtained results demonstrated advantages of the use of LDE-PTX, since the hematological tests demonstrate that there was a lower toxicity in all the chemotherapeutic cycles and the non-alteration of the majority of the biochemical parameters, demonstrate that the toxicity of the tested drug associated to LDE present smaller Effect toxic than its commercial version. It was concluded from the analysis of the results that hematological and biochemical toxicity was lower in treatment with PTX associated with LDE than treatment of PTX in its commercial form.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A clínica psicanalítica no hospital: a elaboração do sofrimento psíquico a partir da angústia em pacientes oncológicos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-06-10) SOUZA, Elaine Antunes de; PENA, Breno Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1587208433134328
This present work will address the dimension of the psychoanalytic clinic in the hospital, considering the psychic elaboration of suffering in subjects who are overcome by anguish when facing an oncological diagnosis. In the context of oncological treatment, we find the social representation of the disease associated with death, still considered a taboo topic. This social imaginary has very ancient roots in history, being marked by intense physical and psychological suffering, since the disease was often accompanied by death, regardless of the treatment carried out. When it comes to illness due to cancer, the exercise of psychoanalysis in the hospital takes place on an urgent basis, or better said, subjective urgency, in which we seek to understand the psychic repercussions, which are shaken at this moment of illness. The idea of subjective urgency refers to the breaking of the subject's speech when faced with something unbearable, without symbolic mediation. At this moment, lacking words to name this situation, the ill subject positions his psychic reality in action. Suffering manifested through human relationships and the finiteness of one's own body presents itself in an imperious way, as it links suffering to what is ineluctable and escapes the subject's full control. And the body, as it is part of nature, imposes limits in relation to its functioning and duration, which in this case, we can consider the experience of psychological suffering in cancer, being manifested in the body. To understand anguish, which from the beginning became central in psychoanalytic theory, Freud came across this concept in the clinic of neuroses, starting to investigate its forms of psychic manifestations, developing his theory addressing this important concept. In his Draft It is considered one of the most important writings addressed to Fliess, on the affect of anxiety, which associates it with another central concept in psychoanalytic theory, sexuality. We can observe that Freud writes about two theories, the first mentioned as being a transformation of libido and the second, the theory of repression. For Lacan, anguish is an affect, but he considers it not to be a symptom. To the extent that it configures anguish as an affect, it characterizes it aimlessly, completely adrift, because it is never repressed. It is this characteristic of it that makes it so unsettling, as it is not tied to the network of signifiers that is impossible to represent. In this way, the psychoanalytic clinic in the health institution considers the difference between illness inscribed in the body and illness as an experience. In this aspect, the psychoanalyst will seek to provide the transition from the event itself to an experience, enabling the construction of subjectivation, elevating such illness to the position of experience producing unique knowledge. Since we are part of the hospital institution, it is important to think about the time of each subject, since the temporality of the hospital ignores its own temporality. Lacan presents us with the problematic of logic regarding time, discussing the constitution of three instances, namely: the moment of seeing, the time of understanding, the moment of concluding. We can associate these three concepts with the experience of becoming ill with cancer. Being the moment of seeing, the oncological diagnosis and despair emerged in the face of the certainty of one's own death, confronting the patient with the reality of human finitude. When moving to the time of understanding, with the establishment of transference, the subject reaches the process of psychic elaboration. And finally, the psychic work ends with the moment of concluding what you asked about. And as the subject is faced with such subjective experiences, he is confronted with the transience of his own life. The research method used was the clinical case study, carried out in a hospital institution in Belém do Pará, a reference in oncological treatment. The general objective was to understand psychoanalytic clinical practice in the hospital context, specifically the psychic elaboration based on the experience of anguish in cancer patients. The specific objectives included the investigation of the conception of anguish by Freud, Lacan and their commentators, the exploration of the relationship between anguish and cancer, and the identification of the process of elaboration of psychological suffering in cancer patients.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Um dizer que fala de vida e morte: revelações e silêncios na comunicação sobre o diagnóstico do câncer
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) SALGADO, Ana Cristina Soeiro; MAUÉS, Raymundo Heraldo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0915136632611666
One of the problems faced by physicians in their practice with cancer patients refers to the dilemmas related to communication about the illness, especially because of the associations still present in the social imagination about death and suffering, which gives an important symbolic dimension to diagnosis. Interpreted as a social construct, the theme of cancer diagnosis is analyzed from the perspective of Brazilian physicians, at Ophir Loyola Hospital, a state public cancer hospital in Pará, north of Brazil, including a total of 20 informants, who agreed to take part in interviews focused on diagnosis communication, including disclosure of diagnosis and other information related to the diagnosis. Through a socio-anthropological approach, different variables are analyzed, including those related to the physician, the patient, the family and the illness, which enables comprehension and integration of the discourse in its social context, including some differences between public and private practice. Data suggest the physician-patient interaction is influenced by class condition, with its socio-historical and cultural determinant. This makes communicating diagnosis a complex phenomenon, aggravated by the limited access to health services, which contributes towards the great amount of patients who arrive at the hospital with no chances of cure. The results indicate that influence of the family on medical decision-making is determinant to the limits of information related to cancer diagnosis, including disclosure of diagnosis and prognosis. Hopelessness is frequently mentioned as a reason for non-disclosure, especially in advanced stages of cancer, with a progressive silence as the illness worsens.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A educação escolar hospitalar: práticas pedagógicas docentes com crianças em tratamento oncológico no Hospital Ophir Loyola em Belém-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-02-13) SALDANHA, Gilda Maria Maia Martins; SIMÕES, Regina Maria Rovigati; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7770158896621784
This study aims to investigate the pedagogical practices with children under cancer treatment at Ophir Loyola Hospital (OLH) Belém, Pará. The research strategy was chosen to be the descriptive case study that was conducted by structured interviews with six teachers who work with children in treatment at the mentioned hospital. The study, in its theoretical reference sought to analyze the child under oncological treatment and the school education at hospitals: its historical, legitimacy, didactic and curricular aspects. The collected data was analyzed by these topics: dynamics of work in the hospital school of the OLH; teaching practices with child in oncological Treatment in OLH; teaching practices and its tribulations in OLH and initial and continued training of the hospital school teacher of the OLH. After examining these categories it was concluded the school educations of OLH developed a systematic knowledge, duly planned and adapted to the children necessities in oncological treatment. The pedagogical actions are taking places at multiple spaces depending on the possibilities and necessities of students. About the teachers difficulties in their activities and at the whole learning process, they pointed: the time the children remains at hospital; their emotional and physical condition, the difficulty of memorization and attention of children under influence of drugs, the stoppages in the teaching for several clinical procedures, the lack of teaching tools and the lack of time for the teachers to plan their activities. It also proved, at this work, the needing for further studies on the care of the emotional health of teachers. Furthermore, it was noted that in the academic education of the teachers none had any specific training for work in unconventional environment for education although they continues to improve their education in order to supply the hospital demand in this area. Additionally, this very work may serve as a benchmark for teacher training and studies in the area of education and health as well as a solid base of public policies that will bring benefits for the school education at hospital environment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Epigenetic alterations in human brain tumors in a Brazilian population
(2006) ANSELMO, Nilson Praia; BELLO, Maria Josefa; GONZALEZ-GOMEZ, Pilar; DIAS, Luis Antonio Araújo; ALMEIDA, José Reinaldo Walter de; SANTOS, Marcelo José dos; HERRANZ, Juan Antonio Rey; CASARTELLI, Cacilda
Aberrant methylation of CpG islands located in promoter regions represents one of the major mechanisms for silencing cancer-related genes in tumor cells. We determined the frequency of aberrant CpG island methylation for several tumor-associated genes: DAPK, MGMT, p14ARF, p16INK4a, TP73, RB1 and TIMP-3 in 55 brain tumors, consisting of 26 neuroepithelial tumors, 6 peripheral nerve tumors, 13 meningeal tumors and 10 metastatic brain tumors. Aberrant methylation of at least one of the seven genes studied was detected in 83.6% of the cases. The frequencies of aberrant methylation were: 40% for p14ARF, 38.2% for MGMT, 30.9% for, p16INK4a, 14.6% for TP73 and for TIMP-3, 12.7% for DAPK and 1.8% for RB1. These data suggest that the hypermethylation observed in the genes p14ARF, MGMT and p16INK4a is a very important event in the formation or progression of brain tumors, since the inactivation of these genes directly interferes with the cell cycle or DNA repair. The altered methylation rate of the other genes has already been reported to be related to tumorigenesis, but the low methylation rate of RB1 found in tumors in our sample is different from that so far reported in the literature, suggesting that perhaps hypermethylation of the promoter is not the main event in the inactivation of this gene. Our results suggest that hypermethylation of the promoter region is a very common event in nervous system tumors.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Experiências de familiares cuidadores de pacientes oncológicos em cuidados paliativos à luz da teoria de Meleis
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-08-09) GOMES, Ana Carolina de Sousa; SANTANA, Mary Elizabeth de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6616236152960399; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3629-8932
Cancer is considered the second leading cause of death in the Region of the Americas, being diagnosed in the year 2020, four million new cases and about 1.4 million deaths due to the disease. At a global level, one in six deaths are related to cancer, highlighting the need for investments in health promotion and in the search for changing the patterns of exposure to risk factors. The diagnosis of the disease mobilizes in patients and their families positive and negative feelings that need to be understood by health professionals. Therefore, families are included in the care process, as a way of adapting them to situations related to illness and terminality, so that they can also provide adequate support to their patients. At this moment, family members experience a transition to a new role, as a family caregiver. In view of such considerations, and the relevance of this theme in the field of Nursing, Afaf Ibrahim Meleis' Theory of Transitions was selected as the theoretical basis for the present study. The general objective is to analyze the experiences of family caregivers of cancer patients in palliative care, in the light of Afaf Meleis' theory of transitions. And as specific objectives: to understand the transition experiences of the family member of patients in oncological palliative care when exercising the role of caregiver; to describe the facilitating and inhibiting factors of transition in the process of caring for cancer patients; to know how family caregivers experience grief and its phases during the process of caring for a patient in oncological palliative care. This is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. Held at the Palliative Care Clinic (CCPO) 1 and 2 of the Ophir Loyola Hospital (HOL), in the period of June 2022. Participated in the study 15 family caregivers of cancer patients undergoing treatment at these held, aged over 18 years, with ties of kinship, affection and/or friendship with the patient, in physical, emotional, and psychological conditions to answer the questions in the interview script, and who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study after reading and signing the Free and Informed Consent Term. Data analysis was carried out using Braun and Clarke's Thematic Analysis (TA), a qualitative analysis technique composed of six phases. Thus, three major themes emerged, which were analyzed and discussed based on the model of Meleis' Transitions Theory: the transition of roles, the facilitating and inhibiting factors of the transition to the care process and the stages of mourning and religiosity in the death process and die. Such categories show a situational transition given the acquisition of a new role, identifying the properties of awareness, engagement and change, with the acquisition of skills and attitudes towards the illness of a loved one, permeated by nursing therapies and the multidisciplinary team in the context of the palliative care, the results reflect that not all family caregivers experienced a healthy transition. From the results, it was possible to understand the experiences of family caregivers of cancer patients in palliative care, and the importance of nursing interventions in the process of death and dying, thus promoting a healthy transition in the context of care.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Imunoexpressão da proteína PTEN em amostras de carcinoma epidermoide bucal e sua correlação com características clínico-patológicas e sobrevida
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-06-03) KATO, Valdenira de Jesus Oliveira; PONTES, Hélder Antônio Rebelo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8076555757131891; BURBANO, Rommel Mario Rodriguéz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4362051219348099
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant neoplastic that affects the oral cavity, accounting for 90% of all cases diagnosed in this anatomic site. Despite the recent advances in the treatment, the survival rate varies from 30 to 50%. Molecular mechanisms which elucidates the agressive behaviour of these lesions help to identify new chemotherapeutics that might be used in the treatment in order to improve the survival rates. The aim of this study was investigating the imunoexpression of PTEN protein through the immunohistochemical technique (IHC) in CEB samples and relate them with clinicopathological features, histological grades and survival and in addition, evaluate the presence of allelic deletion through the Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization technique (FISH). Our results showed that a total from 119 cases of CEB, 31 cases were negative to expression of protein PTEN and 88 cases were positive for PTEN, from which 15 (17,05%) were well differentiated, 43 (48,86%) moderately differentiated and 30 (34,09%) were poorly differentiated. Considering the clinicophatological features, there were not statistically significant correlations with the IHC expression of PTEN. Regarding the survival rates, it was observed that patients presenting lymph node infiltration (N) = 2 or 3 has 4 times greater risk of dying than those presenting N = 0 or 1. Finally, there was a significant association between expression by IHC negative and the result of FISH technique regarding the deletion, and between the positive PTEN expression and the non-deleted result of FISH technique.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Perfil de expressão e de metilação de genes dos complexos polycomb 1 e 2 em tumores mamários caninos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-02-17) LUNA, Francisco Canindé Ferreira de; BORGES, Bárbara do Nascimento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0676220027193876
The Polycomb complex (PcG) consists of multiprotein factors that mediate the repression of various genes in the body. PcG proteins are divided into two distinct complexes, PRC1 and PRC2, with PRC1 having E3 ligase activity, catalyzing the mono-ubiquitination of histone H2A at lysine residues at position 119 (H2AK119ub), while PRC2 has methyltransferase activity, mediating mono, di, and trimethylation on histone H3 at lysine residues at position 27 (H3K27me2 / 3). It is known that PRC1 is subdivided into non-canonical and canonical complexes, the latter being composed of CBX proteins (CBX2, CBX4, CBX6, CBX7 or CBX8). Already PRC2, it comprises three central proteins: SUZ12, EED and EZH1 or EZH2, which is the methyltransferase protein responsible for conferring the main enzymatic activity to the PRC2 complex. It is known that deregulation of PcG proteins may alter developmental pathways, causing a disordered increase in cell proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, and increase of tumor cells. Among the tumors with altered expression of PcG are mammary tumors. In canines, this type of tumor is the most frequent neoplasm in bitches. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the methylation and expression pattern of the CBX2 and CBX7 (PRC1), and EED, EZH2 and SUZ12 (PRC2) genes in breast tumors in dogs from the state of Pará. Samples of neoplastic and non-neoplastic tissue from 40 animals collected at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of Amazônia. For the analysis of the methylation pattern, the samples were converted by sodium bisulfite and submitted to the Bissulfite sequence PCR technique to detect possible methylated areas. For analysis of RNA expression, cDNA conversion and subsequent quantification of transcripts were performed using Taqman probe detection. Fluorescence emission was captured with the aid of the ABI PRISM 7500 Sequence Detection System. Statistical analyzes were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann Whitnae test to evaluate the associations of methylation patterns with expression levels, and those with tumor progression and other clinicopathological characteristics. The results were considered significant when p <0, 05.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Perfil nutricional de pacientes com carcinoma de células escamosas e lesões potencialmente malignas de boca e orofaringe atendidos em um serviço de referência no município de Belém-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-12-10) COSTA, Lilian Pereira da Silva; ARAÚJO, Marília de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9371703949781020
Oral cancer presents the fifth incidence among men in Brazil. Potentially malignant disorders represent an early stage oral cancer. The aim this work was to investigate the nutritional status of patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and potentially malignant disorders from mouth and oropharynx treated at a reference center in Belém city. Thus, it was a cross-sectional, descriptive study. The sample consisted of 41 participants, 58.5% male, average 60.3 years old, 43.9% with potentially malignant disorders (leukoplakia or actinic cheilitis), and 56.1% with SCC. The predominant localization was in mouth. Most (63.4%) of participants lived in Belém and metropolitan area, 65.9% with family income up to 2 minimum wages, 51.2% with more than 8 years of schooling, 53.7% smoke or have smoked regularly 75.6% eat or drank alcoholic beverages daily, 65.9% reported moderate/intense sun exposure. Regarding nutritional status, the total sample, according to the body mass index (BMI), 41.5% were normal weight, 14.6% underweight and 43.9% overweight/obesity. With respect to the adequacy of the Usual Weight (UW), 70.7% were eutrophic. As the adequacy of the arm circumference (AC), 48.8% were normal weight, 46.5% malnutrition. The assessment of the adequacy of the triceps skinfold (TSF), 39.0% were malnutrition, 36.6% overweight/obesity, 24.4% eutrophic. Considering the adequacy of arm muscle circumference (AMC), 51.2% were eutrophic, 48.8% undernourished. According to the muscle area corrected arm (MACA), 53.7% were malnutrition. Considering the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), 87.8% were well nourished. When analyzed for the presence or absence of malnutrition using different methods, comparing the groups, it was found that BMI, adequacy of UW, adequacy of CB, MACA and ASG showed statistically significant results (p<0.05). Regarding eating habits, the population evaluated presented low consumption of fruits, vegetables, main dietary protective factors, constituting food inadequacy both for patients with potentially malignant disorders and for SCC. Therefore, the group of potentially malignant disorders presented for all methods of evaluation used predominantly eutrophic. Among the methods that evaluated the muscle and fat reserves, MACA showed the highest percentage of individuals with malnutrition, with higher values in the group with SCC. A comparison of the nutritional status between the two groups of lesions can be seen higher percentage of malnutrition among patients with SCC, considering the different anthropometric methods.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Planejamento, síntese e aplicações de derivados naftosalicílicos como antioxidantes
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-08-30) BARROS, Valéria Araújo; BORGES, Rosivaldo dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4783661132100859; https://orcid.org/ 0000-0003-4072-7573
Salicylate derivatives are successfully applied as analgesics, antipyretics, anti-inflammatories and in cancer prevention, especially rectal colon. They reduce the risks of many diseases associated with elderly. However, adverse effects related to gastrointestinal events are always associated to its main constituent acetylsalicylic acid. These aspects are linked to their chemical stability and affinity for some biological receptors. The aims of this work are the design, synthesis and applications of naphthalene-salicylic derivatives as antioxidants. Thus, a theoretical study of the studied compounds was carried out. Calculations of electronic properties such as frontier orbitals HOMO-LUMO, ionization potential (IP), bond dissociation energy of phenolic moiety (BDEOH), and spin density contributions were performed by using density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6-31G (d, p) level of theory on Gaussview and Gaussian computational packages. Some of these compounds were synthesized by using classical methods. The theoretical results showed that both additional hydroxyl or substitution on benzene ring for naphthalene increase the antioxidant capacity in the same values with small dissimilarities among acid, ester, and amide derivatives. A synergistic effect was observed when both are used together, producing the most potent molecules. In addition, spin density calculations indicated a regioselective pathway can be gotten from monohydroxylic derivatives, with high possibility of in vivo generating of dihydroxy derivatives mainly at the para position relative to the phenolic group, through enzymatic or non-enzymatic reactions. Finally, the replacement of the naphthalene ring instead of the benzene ring increases both reactivity and chemical stability for the quinone-type intermediates, explaining how these compounds will play a role in the preventive mechanisms and way treatment of cancer. Anti cancer and anti-inflammatory activities are being performed for some of the synthesized compounds.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Polimorfismo do Gene UGT1A1 associado à toxicidade em pacientes oncológicos tratados com irinotecano (CPT-11) em Belém/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-23) CARRERA, Jackeline de Sousa; MONTENEGRO, Raquel Carvalho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0043828437326839
Introduction: Studies and reviews the international scientific literature have gathered data to support the role of pharmacogenomics in clinical medicine, specifically genotype UGT1A1*28 and UGT1A1*6 as predictors of toxicity associated with therapy with CPT-11 (irinotecan), because an insert thymine-adenine in the promoter region of the UGT1A1 gene TATAbox or a single nucleotide polymorphism in exon 1 of the same gene, causing lesser extent UGT1A1 enzyme and hence lower glucuronidation of the drug. Objective: To investigate the occurrence of polymorphisms in the promoter region of the UGT1A1 gene and associate their presence with the toxicities of manifestation to CPT-11 drug in cancer patients treated at two public hospitals specialized in oncology in Belém /PA. Method: Patients in cancer treatment to CPT-11 base were accompanied by pharmacotherapeutic monitoring method as the occurrence of toxicities. Adverse reactions were assessed according to the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events, Version 4.0. The study also analyzed the genetic material of patients, the frequency and distribution of the polymorphism in the UGT1A1 gene by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. As they could also be evaluated clinical and epidemiological data of the subjects. Results: A total of 31 patients were recruited, the majority (80.6%) treated with modified IFL regimen (120 mg /m² CPT-11), the most frequent gender was female (54.8%) and the primary site of the tumor , predominantly, it was the rectum (41.9%). Among the 27 patients could be genotyped none showed polymorphism in exon 1 (UGT1A1 * 6), but the following alleles were detected as the TATA promoter polymorphism in the gene, TA5/6 (3.7%), TA6/6 (44 , 4%), TA6/7 (37%) and TA7/7 (14.8%). A total of 71 toxicities were observed in 25 patients. The study population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P = 0.135). Our study found no significant relationship between the different toxicities manifested in patients with different numbers of variant alleles, but it was observed that patients who had two alleles or a single variant allele had more medical interventions (dose reduction, delay or discontinuation of treatment) due to toxicity than patients in the wild-type allele (p = 0.016). Conclusion: The findings of this study showed a high frequency of adverse reactions to CPT-11 use in the studied patients, even low-dose protocols in relation to other studies, although they have not shown significant differences suggest the continuity of the same order to get larger sample size, considering that when the population was stratified by frequency of medical interventions motivated by toxicity, the carrier of the mutation group, heterozygous or homozygous, had higher intervention rate during treatment. Those patients can present toxicities more severe than compromise the continuity of care.
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Representações sociais de enfermeiros sobre a espiritualidade na assistência a pacientes oncológicos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-08-01) GOMES, Lucas Vinicios Sodré; SILVA, Sílvio Éder Dias da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0084512862619143; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3848-0348
Introduction: The relationship between spirituality and religiosity is always the subject of long discussions, both in the academic environment and in the social context among the community in general. However, it is known that spirituality harbors experiences of a universal nature, cultural and intimate values of a certain group of individuals, while religiosity is linked to doctrine, relationships with the supernatural and with the sacred. Therefore, the relationship between spirituality and nursing is linked to integrality during hospital care and, in this way, is shown to be positive and associated with a predisposition to improve the clinical condition when feelings such as: anguish, fear and questions about life are experienced. is the death. The social representations made it possible to familiarize the social phenomenon of spirituality in a hospital environment and in the context of nursing. Objective: This work aims to understand the social representations of nurses about spirituality and its implications for the nursing care provided to cancer patients. Method: It is a descriptive study, with a qualitative approach and that uses the bases of the Theory of Social Representations (TRS). Results: The procedural aspect of the French school of social psychology, defended by Serge Moscovici and Denise Jodelet and collaborators, was used. The understanding of social representations about nurses' spirituality in patients was presented through the technique of free association of words and the thematic analysis of Braun & Clark. Final Considerations: It was soon possible to understand the social representations and the nurses' experiences about the psycho-spiritual needs and the implications for nursing since it is linked to the changes in this process in oncological patients.
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Representações sociais de mulheres amazônidas sobre o exame papanicolau: implicações para a saúde da mulher
(2008-12) SILVA, Sílvio Éder Dias da; VASCONCELOS, Esleane Vilela; SANTANA, Mary Elizabeth de; LIMA, Vera Lúcia de Azevedo; CARVALHO, Francilene da Luz Carvalho; MAR, Dayse Farias
This research has as objective to describe the social representations of women amazônidas on the Papanicolau examination and to analyze the implications of this for the same care of itself. One is about a qualitative-exploratório study with the use of the Theory of the social representations. The collection of data was carried through in the period from January through December of 2007, with the use of two techniques: the interview half-structuralized with open questions and the free comment. For the interpretation of these data the technique of analysis of thematic content was used. The research had as a result, three thematic units, thus called: The Papanicolau examination - a care with the health of the woman; Taboos and beliefs on the Papanicolau examination; and practical One of same care of itself: the Papanicolau examination. In the study we observe that the women are afraid of having uterine neoplasm for this reason, the Papanicolau examination represents a practical care of itself.
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Representações sociais de mulheres mastectomizadas e suas implicações para o autocuidado
(2010-10) SILVA, Sílvio Éder Dias da; VASCONCELOS, Esleane Vilela; SANTANA, Mary Elizabeth de; RODRIGUES, Ivaneide Leal Ataíde; LEITE, Teodolina Valente; SANTOS, Lucialba Maria Silva dos; SOUSA, Ralrizônia Fernandes; CONCEIÇÃO, Vander Monteiro da; OLIVEIRA, Jackline Leite de; MEIRELES, Wanda do Nascimento
The purposes of this research was to identify the social representations of women on breast mastectomy and to analyze the implications of these social representations to care for self-care. This is a qualitative study using the Theory of Social Representations as theoretical reference. For data collection it was employed two techniques: the free association of ideas and observation. For data analysis the thematic analysis was used. The research resulted in two thematic units: the breast and its representations of social change in the body and social representations of women mastectomy: implications for self care. In the study, showed that women objected care of the breasts through the realization of self-examination.
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Soroprevalência da infecção pelo vírus linfotrópico de células T humanas em portadores de doenças linfoproliferativas atendidos no Hospital Ophir Loyola, Belém, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-05-25) BARBOSA, Sheyla Fernanda da Costa; SOUSA, Maisa Silva de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1775363180781218
About 20% of the worldwide incidence of cancer in humans is attributed to infection by viruses called oncovirus, among them stands out Lymphotropic Virus Human T type 1 (HTLV-1). This virus is associated with several pathologies, among the most studied are paraparesis Tropical Spastic Associated Myelopathy HTLV (HAM / TSP) and the Leukemia Lymphoma, Adult T Cells (ATLL). The HTLV-1 is endemic in many regions of the world, with the highest concentration of cases in southern Japan, while HTLV-2 has been found in greater frequency among intravenous drug users in the United States and Europe, and among native populations of Americas. In Brazil, HTLV 1 is distributed throughout the national territory. The objective of this research was to determine seroprevalence for T-Lymphotropic Virus Human Lymphoproliferative Disease in patients treated at Ophir Loyola Hospital, Belém, Pará The study population consisted of 364 patients diagnosed with lymphoproliferative disease (Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma and non Leukemias Acute and Chronic Lymphoid), treated between January 2005 and December 2011. We used the ELISA test for serological examination and a case was confirmed by PCR. The seroprevalence of HTLV infection in this population was 3.17%, the molecular study of a case showed that it was of HTLV type 1. All serum-reactive individuals were diagnosed as non-Hodgkin lymphoma T cells (p = 0.0021). Among these, the initial manifestation of the disease occurred after the age of 30, the average age was 43.75 years and the majority were women. It is concluded that the prevalence of HTLV in the group studied is consistent with studies of HTLV between leukemias and lymphomas.