Navegando por Assunto "Câncer colorretal"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Epidemiologia molecular do papilomavírus humano (HPV) em pólipos gástricos e colorretais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-05-05) ARAGÃO, José Ismael Viana de; ARAÚJO, Marizeli Viana de Aragão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7849256617873180; QUARESMA, Juarez Antônio Simões; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3350166863853054
The word “polyp” refers to a macroscopically visible lesion or to a tumor that protrudes from a epithelial surface. The polyps can be classified as neoplastic or non-neoplasic cells. In Brazil, cancer in general is set as a public health problem of national dimensions. With the life expectancy increase of brazillian people, the growing industrialization and globalization, neoplasms have acquired a larger importance in the country’s mortality profile, raking second place with cause of death. Gastric, colon and rectal cancers are among the most prevalent ones in brazillian population. Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been listed as a risk factor associated with the presence of many kinds of cancers. Considering the capacity of the polyps to evolve into neoplasia, this study aimed to verify the prevalence of HPV in gastric and colorectal polyps. It has been analyzed 135 samples of paraffined blocks of gastric and colorectal polyps in patients over 18 years old residents in the state of Pará, divided into three groups: gastric hyperplastic polyps (GHP), colon hyperplastic polyps (CHP) and colon adenomatous polyps (CAP). The samples were collected during endoscopy or colonoscopy procedures. For detecting the presence of HPV it was used the technique of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The samples infected by HPV have been typed to HPV subtypes 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 52 and 58 using specific probes in PCR in real time. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Tropical Medicine Center of the Federal University of Pará (UFPA). The obtained data were compiled in a spreadsheet and the statistical analysis was performed by the software SPSS 20.0. 135 polyps were identified (87 in women and 48 in men), the majority of the study participants were between 50 and 69 years old. The obtained results indicate the presence of HPV in 57 samples (42.2% of cases). Five samples were positive for HPV 18, two samples were positive for HPV 16 and HPV 35. One sample was reagent for HPV 31, another for HPV 33 and another isolated for HPV 52. Two samples were co-infected by HPV 18 and 35. No sample (82.5%) was positive for the other tested types. The presence of HPV had no statistically significant difference between the groups (p = 0,306), whereas statistical significance has been found between the studied age groups (p = 0,004). The prevalence of HPV in the gastric and colorectal polyps found in this study suggests that HPV's presence might be an important etiological factor in the development of neoplastic lesions. Therefore further studies are needed to affirm the HPV relationship with gastric and colon cancer.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Farmacogenômica das fluoropirimidinas no tratamento oncológico personalizado
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-12-29) FERNANDES, Marianne Rodrigues; BURBANO, Rommel Mario Rodriguéz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4362051219348099
Recently, cancer has become an obvious public health problem worldwide. The Fluoropyrimidine-based regimen has been the most widely used chemotherapy regimen worldwide in several types of solid tumors, including gastric and colorectal cancer. Of the total number of patients treated with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), 10-40% have severe toxicities, which usually result in prolonged and costly hospitalizations. The principle of personalized medicine is to study responses to medications based on individual genomic information. The high degree of miscegenation is a challenge for the worldwide implementation of personalized medicine in clinical practice. Many studies in the specialized literature have reported the influence of pharmacogenomic markers in mixed populations such as the Brazilian population. The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacogenomic variability of different biomarkers in pharmacogenes involved in the metabolism pathway of Fluoropyrimidines in patients with gastric cancer or colorectal cancer, which are sub-strutured according to response and toxicity to treatment. To perform the research we used 216 patients with colorectal or gastric cancer who received 5-FU chemotherapy treatment. We investigated 33 genetic polymorphisms in 17 pharmacogens (ABCB1, ABCC2, ABCC4, ABCG2, CYP2A6, DPYD, FPSG, ITGB5, MTHFR, SLC22A7, SLC29A1, TP53, TYMS, UMPS, GGH, RRM1, TYMP) involved in the metabolism pathway of fluoropyrimidines. Our results showed that 77.3% of the patients presented some type of toxicity related to 5-FU treatment, of which 22% presented severe toxicities classified in grade 3 and 4. Death occurred in 23 patients, where three cases were related to toxicity and four cases with tumor progression and chemotherapeutic toxicity. Population substructuration was not influential in the association results for pharmacogenetic polymorphisms with the use of 5-FU. The FPGS gene (rs4451422) was shown to be significant in association with overall toxicity (p = 0.0052; OR 0.32) and toxicity events (p = 0.0004; OR 0.22). The ABCC4 gene (rs148551) had a significant association with the clinical response (p = 0.0056; OR 0.28). The SLC29A1 gene (rs760370) was shown to be significant for grade 3 and 4 toxicities (p = 0.0033; OR 4.73). In conclusion, due to the high degree of miscegenation in the Brazilian population, and particularly in the North of Brazil, the generated 5-FU pharmacogenomics data are particularly unique when compared to the homogenous populations investigated to date. The ABCC4, FPGS and SLC29A1 genes have been shown to be important biomarkers predictive of personalized medicine therapy using 5-FU.