Navegando por Assunto "Camponeses"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ação coletiva e meios de vida: análise das transformações operadas pela Cooperativa dos Pequenos Produtores Agroextrativistas de Lago do Junco (Coppalj) em comunidades do Médio Mearim, MA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-02-26) NASCIMENTO, Aline Souza; PORRO, Roberto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2282097420081043
The search for better living conditions and commercialization of production led to the emergence of the Cooperative of Small Agroextractive Producers of Lago do Junco (Coppalj), which, since its emergence, has contributed to improve social reproduction conditions for its subjects, through a combination of a range of social, economic and environmental resources, that allow them to guard against lack of opportunities, poverty and marginalization resulting from social injustices. The work seeks to identify the transformations in local livelihoods derived from the combination of strategies adopted by Coppalj and the perceptions of members and non-members about its effectiveness, as well as its contribution to the construction of self-management, peasant autonomy and productive and technological diversification within its territory. The study is based on bibliographic and documentary consultation, combined with semi-structured and interactive interviews in communities where Coppalj operates. It demonstrates how, with its policy of valuing agricultural and extractive production, the cooperative collaborated for the emergence of new perspectives and the increase in families‟ access to income. It also highlights the actions taken by peasants during agrarian conflicts, which resulted in the creation of organizations that have played an important role in guaranteeing their rights, and the contribution of actions of the Catholic Church to peasant political organization in the Mearim Valley.
Desconhecido
Associações rurais e associativismo no Nordeste amazônico: uma relação nem sempre correspondida
(2008-06) MANESCHY, Maria Cristina Alves; MAIA, Maria Lúcia Sá; CONCEIÇÃO, Maria de Fátima Carneiro da
This study was undertaken in 2005 and is founded on interviews with leaders of fortythree rural associations in four municipalities from the northeastern part of the State of Pará. It observed that generally such institutional forms of cooperation, officially supported, have not matched the spontaneous forms of cooperation, according to peasant traditions and rooted in trust and mutual responsibility. Frequently, associations that were just formal had to engage into agreements or to follow agreements between financial institutions, public and private organizations and the peasant producers. Associations with more effective economic, political or cultural outcomes were those that had, prior to their constitution, implemented collective or community activities, kinds of associations based on shared commitments and trust. These contradictions that traditional communities experience when they participate in the modern institutional system merit attention.
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Camponeses e território em Mocajuba: uma análise econômico-espacial das trajetórias tecnológicas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-06-23) NOGUEIRA, Karen de Nazareth Santos; COSTA, Francisco de Assis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1820238947667908
The research focus especially in the analysis of the rural territorial setting of Mocajuba‟s city, which is located in Baixo-Tocantins region. The mocajubense rural is predominantly peasant. Based in the notion of trajectories, it is intended to study the specificity of the peasant economy, particularly its segment based on the agroextractivism (T2), it sets, under a work intermediation, Mocajuba‟s territory. This ancestral peasantry founded a dynamic linked to structural processes that movements the region‟s economy from a productive logic whose technical domain of the production is given by specific havings, whose management practices presuppose the biome‟s maintenance. This peasant way of life is grounded under identity and territorial relations predetermined and which surpass the physical limits proposed by areas of land regularization. These territorialities fundament the productive and reproductive relations of these agents who operates the biome in a specific manner. Based on this, it is aimed to indicate how much work the agents of the T2 peasant trajectory, use in the territory, illustrating these settings through cartographical representation. Enabling the interaction economy-territory in the understanding of the space, not only as an extension of the actions, but also as quality. It is searched up the understanding of how the interaction is made in an economy based in typical peasant structures of the agroextractivist‟s trajectory T2. This is, how it happens in a marked territory by the productive and reproductive T2 dynamics.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
“Do dendê eu tenho medo até dos espinhos”: resistência cotidiana à integração à agroindústria do dendê pelos camponeses de Maçaranduba – Tomé-açu, Nordeste Paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016) SACRAMENTO, Noemi Diniz; GUERRA, Gutemberg Armando Diniz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4262726973211880
I've built this dissertation in order to analyze the daily forms of resistance to the integration into the agricultural industry of dende palm from the farmers of the colony Maçaranduba, municiplatiy of Tomé-Açú, northeast of Pará State. The daily forms of resistance are not usual subjects within researchs on resistance because they are subscribed in the daily life of the peasant societies that do not always allow the researchers to take them as object of analysis. Maçaranduba is geographically inserted in monoculture expansion zone of dende palm, where integration is a mechanism used by agribusinesses, to the expansion of areas planted with oil palm, supported by the creation of the National Program for Production and Use of Biodiesel (PNPB) and Sustainable Production program of Oil Palm (PSOP). As a result, assumed that individuos are not static, but develop justification, opinions and attribute meaning to their choices based on the projects that the family has and into the "fear" that integration might reduce the autonomy that are used to possess. I've used as a theoretical basis the reflections of James Scott, author that considers the daily life the place where the peasant resistance become plausible and real. The methodology was based on a case study, which allowed to understand how the subjects of Maçaranduba undertook the resistance to the integration, to design the data were applied thirty questionnaires whose organization of the questions focused on the knowledge of the families about the program and their positions about the integration, as well as interviews with key informants to understand local history and public agents involved in the debate. With the research I observed that the families elaborate their justifications for resistance from their everyday experiences, always thinking about productive projects that guarantee the family's permanence in the agricultural establishment, rejecting projects that take risks for the maintenance of future generations. I also observed that the families acquire knowledge about integration from an invisible network of information that they weave among the subjects that are part of their daily lives, among them are the families residing in nearby localities that have joined the project. Despite the resistance to integration, the peasants of Maçaranduba feel the reflexes of the expansion of oil palm plantations, through the application of agrochemicals in the nearby crops and in the modification of the landscape to which they were used to.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Grilagem de terras e assassinatos: a revolta camponesa em Moju/PA na década de 1980
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-06) SACRAMENTO, Elias Diniz
This article analyzes the conflicts over land tenure that occurred in the municipality of Moju in the 1980s and what led peasants in the Jambuaçu region to invade the city in early 1988 in an orchestrated action that sought to end violence rampant that occurred there. I try to show how the agro-industrial projects, when installed in this municipality, were gradually changing the existing scenario, often being the main causes of the clashes between rural workers and owners of the enterprises supported by the state and by the use of police force and the gunfire that caused even the death of several people, including PDS councilman Edmilson Soares, unionist Virgílio Serrão Sacramento and farmers “Canindé” and “João”, the latter two cases being the 'trigger' of the peasant revolt that occurred there.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Migrantes, camponeses, garimpeiros e mateiros trajetórias, memórias e identidades sociais do campesinato no sudeste paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007) HENCHEN, Mário José; LIMA, Carla Silva; RODRIGUES, Edivan de Medeiros
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mobilidade de camponeses entre assentamentos de reforma agrária: territorialidades em cheque no desenvolvimento local da Transamazônica, Pará, Brasil
(2015-06) SANTOS, Ione Vieira dos; PORRO, Noemi Sakiara Miyasaka; PORRO, Roberto
The article discusses the role of turnover of peasant families at agrarian reform settlements for the local development of the Transamazon region in the State of Pará. Analysis of local practices and narratives in the context of land and environmental policies evidences that their current implementation is not consistent with processes of territorialization designed by so-called beneficiaries of land reform.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O movimento sindical dos trabalhadores e trabalhadoras rurais no nordeste paraense: as motivações dos participantes em Tomé-Açu
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-01-25) MORAES, Lucas Gabriel da Silva; SCHMITZ, Heribert; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2294519993210835
The Rural Workers' Union Movement (MSTTR) is one of the main collective actions organized in favor of the fight for better living and working conditions in rural areas. In the Northeast region of Pará State, the fight for rights in this category began in the mid-1950s, with the creation of the first farm workers organizations in the region and, later, with the institutionalization of the fight in 1962. Part of the demands of rural workers were rights that urban workers already had, whether they were: health, social security, labor laws and decent wages, in addition to the main demand, agrarian reform. These and other objectives guided collective actions within the scope of the MSTTR which, in turn, constituted the current structure of representation of rural workers. In Tomé-Açu, the Rural Workers’ Syndicate (STTR) was, for at least 35 years, the only organization that defended the category and represented its interests. This reality has changed since 2006, with the creation of the Tomé-Açu Family Farmers’ Syndicate (SINTRAF) and the Tomé-Açu Rural Employees’ Syndicate (SINDTER), in 2016, changing the dynamics of participation, affiliation and collective actions within the scope of the MSTTR. In relation to these dynamics, the literature of social movements has shown that collective action is not an easy task and may depend on a series of factors to materialize itself, as an example, the motivations. Within this context, the present work aims to identify the motivations for the participation of rural workers in the MSTTR, more specifically, in the Tomé-Açu STTR, in Northeast Pará, trying to analyze its trajectory and the current challenges that are imposed on the collective action. The methodology used started from a qualitative approach using the content analysis technique. During data collection, 34 interviews were carried out with syndicate leaders and rural workers, members and non-members who participate in any of the three rural syndicates in Tomé-Açu. The results of the study showed two bases of motivation, one of them being material, linked to the services and benefits of the syndicate, with rural retirement being the main one; and the other immaterial, being highlighted the syndical representativeness. Among non-members, land was the central motivation, exemplified in the case of the collective action carried out in the Mancha Negra camp. In the process of mobilizing new members, the role of leaders proved to be fundamental, both within the syndicate itself, through the figure of the president, and in the local context, through the action of syndicate delegates. As for the current challenges, signs of a crisis in the STTR were identified, which takes place within the scope of collective actions and reflects the problems that occur in the administration of the syndical organization, with the maintenance of power in the hands of the same group for many years, the prioritization of utilitarianism in the syndicate and the lack of new leaderships who could initiate a renewal of the current management.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O papel das trajetórias sociais na construção do território nas frentes pioneiras da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-03-29) AMÉRICO, Maria do Carmo da Silva; COSTA, Francisco de Assis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1820238947667908; VIEIRA, Ima Célia Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3761418169454490
Distinct paths of beef production farmers in the municipality of São Felix do Xingu, southeastern Pará were studied. We linked concepts of geographic space and territory in this new pioneer region in the Amazon, with the highest annual deforestation rates, to the notions of paradigms and technological trajectories in a multidisciplinary approach. This work attempts to understand the Amazon reality using various scientific disciplines with emphasis on geography, economy and anthropology. As our core methodology for survey and data analysis we employed the Successive Coherence Analysis in order to carry out ethnographic studies of rural agents and employers to understand the relationship between the paths that develop those agents with the dynamics of the territory. It appears that the relationship between these two categories of agents is mutually dependent, not only related to the division of labor but also related to the geopolitics of land use of the territory.
Desconhecido
Reprodução camponesa em área de assentamento na Amazônia: um estudo no Assentamento João Batista II, Castanhal - Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013) GUILHERME JÚNIOR, José Antônio; NAHUM, João Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9009465125001273
Our research focuses on the peasant reproduction in a rural area in the Amazon. The João Batista II settlement, localized in the city of Fortaleza Pará state, was elected as a case study, being the oldest settlement organized by the Movement of Landless Rural Workers in the middle region of the northeastern Pará. The general objective of this research is to analyze the peasant reproduction in the Amazon, understanding that this process happens in the construction of the territory. To better structure our research it were chosen the variables: production activities and social organization, understanding them as part of actions that make up the peasent reproduction. Aspects such as: debt, natural poor soil, commercialization difficulties and political disputes within the settlement, have been constituted as factors that limits the sociospatial peasent reproduction in settlement João Batista II.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
“Tem coisa melhor que vender açaí?”: os passos e percalços na expansão dos açaizais na várzea do Baixo Tocantins
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-09-08) RODRIGUES, Renato dos Prazeres; MEDEIROS, Monique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4244130793736395
This primary objetive of this dissertation presents is to analyze the correlation between açaí commercialization strategies developed by riverine-peasants from Guajará de Baixo Island, Cametá (PA) and the transformation of their Production Units, with special attention given to their sustainability. The three specific objectives of this dissertation were structured as scientific articles. To reach these objectives, bibliographic research and semi-structured interviews were conducted between the months of August and December 2020, engaging 21 social actors involved in the production and commercialization of açaí in Guajará de Baixo. Interviewees included: riverine-peasant dwellers, intermediaries in the marketing process, and representatives of two social organizations, an association and a cooperative, both with initiatives developed on the island. More specifically, the first article identified the main activities and agro-extractive productions of the riverine-peasants, in order to characterize their Family Production Units (FPUs). The second article analyzed the possible correlations between the transformations in management forms practiced by riverine-peasants from the Island of Guajará de Baixo and the economic value of açaí in the State. The third and last article verified dissonances and consonances between discourses and practices related to socio-environmental sustainability, developed by leaders of social organizations, as well as riverine-peasant dwellers, involved in the marketing of açaí from Guajará de Baixo Island, in Cametá-PA. In general, research results indicate a significant influence of the markets accessed by the riverine-peasants on the diversification and sustainability of the FPUs. The closer one gets to a peasant type of agriculture, and the greater the link with short chain markets for the markeing of açaí, the greater the productive diversification of the small farmers FPUs and the better the self-management of their resource base. Conversely, the closer a corporate type of agriculture, the less autonomy one has in accessing markets and the less productive diversity is seen on riverine-peasants’ FPUs. And, in this particular case, such correlation gains significant complexity when permeated by discursive inconsistencies about the sustainability externalized as intended by social actors.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Uso do território e gênero de vida na Amazônia: reprodução camponesa e agronegócio no planalto santareno
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) PAIXÃO JÚNIOR, Paulo Roberto Carneiro da; NAHUM, João Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9009465125001273
We approach in this work the changes in the reproduction of peasantry of Planalto Santareno due to the advancement of soybean agribusiness in this region. We use as examples two localities peasant who have been deeply affected by this event started in the late twentieth century: the localities Tracuá (belonging to the municipality of Santarém/PA) and Jenipapo (belonging to the municipality of Belterra/PA). To achieve this purpose, we did the reconstitution of the geographical situation when these locations had not yet met with agribusiness. When soybean growers from the center-south of the country arrived, seduced by abundant and cheap land anthropized in the region, began to acquire land in these localities with quite ease and speed, therefore belonged to the peasants who were in precarious conditions of existence, desirous of better days, which perhaps could achieve with that (little) money offered. From that meeting, thus, we learned the mutations in the genre of life of the peasants, coming across on the other hand, with the clash of these opposing social. With the deep transformations in land use in these locations, is the tendency to put their disappearances - and at the same time, on another scale, the recreation of regional peasantry.