Navegando por Assunto "Capitalismo"

Agora exibindo 1 - 15 de 15

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Bioetica, gestão do meio ambiente e pagamento por serviços ambientais: teoria e prática de uma estratégia para proteção ambiental no sistema capitalista
(Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 2020-03) ALENCAR, Evandro Luan de Mattos; RAIOL, Raimundo Wilson Gama
This article aims to conduct a bioethical discussion on environmental management and payment for environmental services. The methodology to be adopted will be qualitative research, with a socio-juridical bias, with bibliographical and documentary data collection, to answer the problem of how the payment for the maintenance of environmental services presents itself as a bioethical proposal for the promotion of health and preservation of environment in the context of natural resource management in the capitalist system. The results show that payments for environmental services are a juridical and economic proposal to face the issues of collective health and environmental protection.
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Capoeira: sobrevivência e resistência na sociedade do capital
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-08-14) SILVA, Francisco Márcio Costa da; SILVA, Élido Santiago da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3584642268601018; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2545-0860
The present study within its scope brings forth notes that outline the current configurations of Capoeira and its functions in the everyday social context. From the premise that Capoeira is a practice originating from the diaspora as a means to resist an oppressive system (ABIB, 2004), and it was consolidated in Brazil during the period of slavery (Rego, 1968), it still endures and has both national and international reach, being present in over 150 countries across the five continents according to the latest survey by IPHAN (2014). The central concern of this research endeavor lies in comprehending the resilience of a longstanding practice stemming from the era of enslavement in the context of the contemporary capitalist system. As posited by Mészáros (2005), which commodifies all aspects of existence. References employed for this study include Marx (2007, 2008, 2011, 2013), Mészáros (2005, 2015), Antunes (2009), Vasquez (2011), and various others, thereby providing foundational insights into the workings of the aforementioned system were used. Regarding Capoeira, this study draws upon the works of Rego (1968), Brito and Granada (2021), Khol (2014), Araújo (2006, 2008), Campos (2001, 2009), Falcão (2004, 2011), Abib (2004), among others, to elucidate the conditions and various facets through which Capoeira has evolved as a sporting and cultural practice, persevering over time and in response to structural changes driven by capitalism. In pursuit of comprehending how Capoeira endures to the present day and the dimensions it encompasses, an extensive search was conducted both nationally and internationally to engage with individuals who have been practitioners of Capoeira for a minimum of ten years. They were queried about the ways in which Capoeira manifests itself within their respective contexts. As a result, it was observed that there have been numerous changes in this practice since its inception. However, it is its ability to undergo metamorphosis that has enabled it to adapt to social demands, transforming itself into a pluralistic practice. However, its condition as a commodity was emphasized as predominant. This path has ensured other possibilities for survival within the capitalist system, with labor (both in its formative and subsistence aspects) serving as the foundation that has facilitated its longevity and continuity to the present day, reaffirming Capoeira's embryonic role as a form of resistance in diverse circumstances.
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A construção discursiva sobre o conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-04) SIQUEIRA, Ivone dos Santos; DIAS, Thaiane Soeiro; CAMARINHA NETO, Guilherme Francisco; ALVES, Marcelo Augusto Moreno da Silva
This article presents discourses related to the Sustainable Development concept starting from the Environmental Crisis, the historical milestone related to the concept in question, as well as explaining and discussing theses and dissertations that deal with the concept of sustainable development based on analysis of discourses that include representations e interpretations that are made discourses published by the journalistic media having as reference the publications of scientific journals, theses and dissertations, that comprise the period from 2010 to 2019. Data analysis generated two categories: discourses on Sustainable Development from the perspective of economic development presente in the media and the discourses of sustainable development in the exploitation of natural resources. The discourses presented link the concept of economic development to the capitalist logic of economic development.
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Crise mundial e reestruturação produtiva: algumas questões de ordem teórica
(2004-06) MELLO, Alex Bolonha Fiúza de
The crisis of the accumulation pattern that supported the intensive capitalistic growth since post-war period until the beginning of the seventies has suscitated along the last decades some theoretical efforts to realize/explain the historical/sociological (economical/political) causes present in the root of this process as a whole. This paper aims to raise some questions of more general thoretical order, considering the fact that the new crisis, which is also a crisis of accumulation, occurs in the context of a capitalism organized in a global productive basis, what claims for new theoretical developments and new approachs respect to that has been called “new productive restructuration”.
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(Des)envolvimento local em regiões periféricas do capitalismo: limites e perspectivas no caso do estado do Amapá (1966 a 2006)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-09-10) ABRANTES, Joselito Santos; SILVA, Fábio Carlos da; http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4721762Z2
This thesis had as object evaluate if the changes on the scale of the promotion of regional public politics development, which got changed, starting on the national point of view until the local, resulted on improvements of the amapaense’s condition life, between the periods 1966 / 2006. Therefore, the study discusses a thematic which is coming more and more attention in the literature, been on the theoretical point of view or as result of the experiment observation: the analysis of quest of the public politics on the regional and local development of the federal Brazilian government, with the objective on Amapá state. So, analyze in which measure programs and projects of local development, as example DLIS (Desenvolvimento Local Integrado e Sustentável) and APL’s (Arranjos Produtivos Locais) carried out on Amapá has presented energy in common among the public scales of promotion of these politics. The thesis treats as one bibliographic analytic and empiric research of these politics, which became stronger in the beginning of 90’s decade, in the country, specifically on Amapá state. To get all that, it was made a concept theoretical, analytic and empiric able to demonstrate and elucidate some points that guided and directed the way of the regional and local sustainable and supported development on Amapá state, between 1966 and 2006. To the study carry on, besides the bibliographic and documental research, was realized the association of the quantitative and qualities researches predominated on your realization. Therefore, the exam of the results made by IDESAP (Indicador de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social do Amapá) as the excepts economics and socials independents indicators analyzed, shows an evaluative and gradual process of the development on the Amapá state. Even we consider as very shy and modest the socioeconomic advances at Amapá, mainly in the beginning of the 90’s decades, characterized as a change of the point of view in terms of local/regional development, based on different opinions of that previous model, which should be called of centralizer or “exogenous”.
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Desenvolvimento capitalista e a produção do espaço agrário amazônico
(Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 2019-04) HERRERA, José Antônio
Capitalist development interferes in space in order to shape social relations and production. In addition to the dichotomy of family agriculture and agribusiness, there are different forms of production in the Brazilian agrarian space, shaped by the interest and intensity of capital on the farm. Between the years 2012 and 2016, based on the reading of the geographic space, we analyzed the interference of capital in one hundred and fifty (150) production units in the Paraense Amazon. In response to capitalist logic, five (05) groups of producers were verified, from the most integrated to capital to the traditional family production, ratifying the hypothesis of polymorphic capital by interfering and exploiting the agrarian space.
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Educação ambiental como instrumento de política pública contra o descarte desordenado de resíduo tecnológico
(Universidade de São Paulo, 2023) OLIVEIRA, Moises Santiago de; CARVALHO, André Cutrim
The article aims to discuss essential topics for understanding the theme of environmental education. In this context, certain crucial issues for the development of this work will be presented, namely: capitalism, planned obsolescence, hyperconsumption, environmental policy and legislation, reverse logistics, selective collection and the governance/accountability process. The study was carried out from the theoretical survey of articles in national databases, books and official documents. Throughout the article, the following topics will be addressed: capitalism and the use of programmed obsolescence as a means for the constitution and maintenance of hyperconsumer societies.
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Educação do campo no espaço público da universidade
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-06) OLIVEIRA, Mara Rita Duarte de; GÓES, Tânia Maria de; GONÇALVES, Jadson Fernando Garcia
This article aims to analyze the importance of the role of the public university in the articulation of programs and projects aimed at the education of the field. This research was based on our involvement in the National Program for Education in Agrarian Reform and the Program for Support to Higher Education in Graduation in Field Education, the concern was based on the perspective of understanding how the public university, despite Market demands and those of the Regulatory State, assumes the important role in the resumption of the education debate as a public good and in partnership with social movements and other institutions take on the challenge of offering higher education courses for the rural population. Strengthened by the entrance to the University, the rural populations take their place in the academy, building another education in the countryside and transforming the reality of the countryside from the projects of emancipatory and solidarity education.
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Gramsci, o capital supranacional e o novo teorema da política
(2006-10) MELLO, Alex Bolonha Fiúza de
Gramsci is a current author and theorizer of the globalization of capitalism, though still unknown, even in the field of Marxism, amongst its dominant tendencies. Thinking globalization, the twenty-first century, as well as the new political conjuncture amid contemporaneity, is a most relevant intellectual challenge that has in Gramsci – for surprise of some and denial of others – one of its most stimulating and revealing sources. It is fascinating to unveil in his writings theses that are essential in order to reflect some of the most relevant current themes in global horizons.
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O Grito dos silenciados contra a devastação neoliberal na BR-163
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020) ARAÚJO, Roseane de Seixas Brito; CASTRO, Edna Maria Ramos de
The research aims to analyze the current capitalist accumulation's phase from the intensification of social conflicts in Itaituba, in the Brazilian Amazon, due to the socio economic impact generated by neoliberalism. The municipality's strategic location on the Santarém-Cuiabá highway (BR-163), into the banks of the Tapajós River, in western Pará, it has extraordinary mining reserves it owns, that long has been attracting transnational corporationsinterestslinked to agribusiness, mineral exploring, and construction of large infrastructure work. During the analysis period, from 2007 to 2017, there was a vertiginous growth in the activities linked to these interests, wherein the large public and private investments on the banks of the highway that has shown the neoliberal capitalism's dynamism in recent decades, marked by the association of large capitals around the world, denationalization of state public assets, and economy's financialization. Mainly, are targeted countries and regions that, like Brazil and the Amazon, have a rich natural heritage, weak environmental management, flexible rules and legislation, in a historical context aggravated by fragile democracy and disrespect for social and ethnic rights. Moreover, the highway is a part of a major axis of agricultural production to circulate commodities, which led to the construction of large port structures, in a multimodal transport logistics to enable the shipment of production to world markets. More, the agricultural and mineral neo-extractivism practiced without limits in the region also requires large infrastructures for energy production, which implies the construction of hydroelectric plants. Thus, if the Tapajós's Hydroelectric Complex mega-project is carried out by the federal government, the lives and work of thousands of people will be rendered unfeasible, and the surrounding nature will be destroyed, causing immeasurable proportions of socio- environmental damages. These are the priorities of the neoliberal agenda that reinforce Brazil's subordinate position in world geopolitics, as a producer of raw materials to serve the industrialized countries at the center of capitalism. International laws and agreements signed by the country have been systematically violated to favor the accumulation of the region's wealth. In this sense, the Brazilian State acts as a participant in the power games controlled by the dominant countries worldwide, leading the region to disastrous impasses. Such dynamism overlaps and enhances structural and historical problems, such as the grabbing of public lands, lack of environmental control, violence, arbitrariness, and disinvestment in smallholder production, producing more and more concentration of wealth, which generates poverty and misery to life and work of most of the populations from the region. From this, the theoretical- methodological perspective of the research combines the propositions from Bourdieu (1983; 1989; 1997) and Foucault (1999), and has a qualitative perspective, by using semi-structured interviews with different social actors in the region, combining also a documentary analysis. The investigation purposes to identify as has been the organization of the counter-reactions to neocolonialism domination, under the leadership of indigenous people, traditional communities, social movements, and workers, together with the investigation that leads understanding the importance of 'the locality' to provoke displacement of power and impose the recognition of territorial and socio-cultural rights. The results point to the strengthening of resistance networks, which urgently demand the aggregation of other political forces from the counter-hegemonic field.
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A inserção feminina no mercado de trabalho sob o contexto capitalista nas regiões metropolitanas do brasil do período 2003 - 2014
(Grupo de Estudos em Economia Política e História Econômica, 2019-07) CARVALHO, André Cutrim; AIRES, Alana Paula de Araújo
From the historical point of view, especially since the seventies with the occurrence of worldwide social movements around the world, the culture of society has also been changed. The female gender has gained more space in the labor market and, consequently, increasing its level of education, well-being and schooling. However, they still suffer from the inequality of wages and from being a minority in positions that require a greater degree of education. In these terms, the present article seeks to analyze why even with so many advances in the economic and social sphere this phenomenon persists in contemporary capitalism. In addition, this study analyzed the relevance of female participation in the labor market, especially its economic representation from the point of view of contemporary capitalism. For this work, the descriptive-exploratory method was used, using secondary IBGE data. It has been realized, therefore, that from a joint action between the State and organized civil society one can achieve positive results.
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Marx e a globalização do capitalismo
(Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 1998-03-04) MELLO, Alex Bolonha Fiúza de; IANNI, Octávio
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Os recursos naturais no processo de desenvolvimento econômico capitalista: uma breve reflexão
(Centro Universitário Augusto Motta, 2019-12) RODRIGUES, Suzi Carolina Moraes; DIAS, Luís Augusto Lisboa; CARVALHO, André Cutrim; FENZL, Norbert; LOPES, Luís Otávio do Canto
The present article discusses the historical context of human interaction with nature, which took place through the use of available natural resources, from their use for subsistence to the period of the great transformations caused by the industrial revolution and the growth of capitalism. contemporary, to which man began to produce in surplus aiming primarily at profit. Over the years the way man has appropriated nature to meet his needs has brought a series of disastrous consequences, both to nature and to man directly or indirectly. Eventually leading to conflicts and disputes over natural resources that are becoming increasingly scarce. Fishing is one of the modalities that generate the most conflict when it comes to the dispute over natural resources. In the Amazon, fishery resources have been negatively impacted by several factors, which has triggered an alert to fishing communities to create fisheries agreements to practice sustainable management, thus ensuring the availability of fishing stocks and maintaining the food security of the riparian.
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Responsabilidade social corporativa e direitos humanos: discursos e realidades
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-06) MATHIS, Adriana de Azevedo; MATHIS, Armin
This article conducts a critical analysis of the creation and consolidation of global parameters for Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in relation to human rights in Europe and Brazil, in the current stage of globalized capitalism. As a methodological-theoretical resource, it is based, on the international level, on a set of legal norms about corporate social responsibility and human rights at transnational companies. On a national level, the study uses as a theoretical-methodological reference a bibliographic survey of the concept of CSR in new standards of peripheral capitalism, inserted in the context of globalization.
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Violações de direitos humanos em contextos extrativistas na América Latina: a raça enquanto questão fundante
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-01-21) SANTOS, Mariana Lucena Sousa; MAGALHÃES, Breno Baía; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0126393188779750; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7183-2440
The dissertation analyzes race as the first criterion capable of explaining the prevalence of human rights violations in the context of essentially extractive business activities in the Americas. In order to do so, it resorts to the historical landmarks of the foundation of capitalism, as this system is the essential element to understand another great point: the racial division of labor and the Global North-South relations, present until the present day. In the peripheries, the capital accumulation strategies of the large companies of the North (center) involve, in addition to the great exploitation of the workforce, the appropriation of territories, given their interest in extracting large volumes of natural resources, the basis of the economies of the countries in the region. These elements are key to explaining the immense pressure suffered in the territories, whose populations, mostly Afro-descendants and indigenous people, deal with persistent violence, dispossession and power disparities. The work studies the jurisprudence of the Inter- American Court of Human Rights to investigate how this court has considered the racial issue in cases related to extractive activities that violate human rights, and concludes that the current framework of corporate accountability in international systems for the protection of human rights, of a liberal nature, it does not offer adequate response capabilities for reparation and guarantees of non-repetition of violations, given the very essence of capitalism. However, a racial intervention in the critical discourse on liberalism tends to present exit routes for the search for racial justice in the Americas.