Navegando por Assunto "Cegos"

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Emergência da leitura de palavras de inglês com recombinação de onset e rime em braille e alfabeto romano em relevo para cegos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-11-16) AGUILAR, Fábio; KATO, Olivia Misae; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3612219210222465
Based on the equivalence paradigm, research on recombinative reading has evidenced that pardal syllabic control makes reading emergency difficult, and the need for control for all the word syllables in order to promote generalized reading. Recent research has shown the explicit teaching of discrimination of teaching syllables promotes recombinative reading and new recombined syllables. It also promptly promotes text reading with understanding of words formed by these syllables. In these studies, partia.' control is not established and recombinative reading emergency is promptly promoted. Teaching of new words through recombination of words by onset and rime segmentation has been showed as a facilitator element when the English language is taught as a mother tongue. By using the Braille system and Roman alphabet in raised letters to the blind people, it was investigated if using word discrimination with onset/rime segmentation it will facilitate the reading of new words in English as a second language. Three persons with visual impairment and fluent in Braille participated in the study. The study was divided in three parts. On Phase I a pre-test was given, conditional discrimination teaching of single words and the text reading test of teaching and recombined single words under two conditions, in Braille and in Roman alphabet in raised letters. On Phase II a test of word tpyt reading was applied, teci and teaching of AB relations (dictated words — objects), AC relation test (dictated word —printed words), BC (objects printed words) and CB (printed words objects) with single and composite words and a dictated test and copy. Phase III was identical to Phase II, replacing the single words by composite words. The emergence of new reading simple words and typeset in a combined English and printed in Braille on the Roman alphabet in relief occurred promptly in blind subjects. In testing the relationships emerging and copy test and dictation readily achieved all the criteria of success. The results confirm the efficiency of the procedure used in the emergence of rcading Singlc wutt15, wmpuunds and recombined in tnglish atter teaching conditional discrimination segmentation using onset / rime in the blind. The stimulus equivalence procedures to promote the emergence of reading with comprehension of words composed in combined and recombined in blind people. These results indicate that the procedure was effective teaching-learning can be characterized as errorless-learning. The results show the need to generate new teaching procedures more economical and efficient like alternative to the inclusion occuring.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudos nacionais sobre o ensino para cegos: uma revisão bibliográfica
(2015-12) FIGUEIREDO, Rosana Mendes Éleres de; KATO, Olivia Misae
This study aims to present a bibliographical review on national studies about curricular teaching to blind students. A systematic search was performed on three databases: Scholar Google, Scielo and Lilacs, filtering studies published from 2004 to 2014 that held in their titles one of the following descriptors: blind students; visually impaired students; blind children; visually impaired children. We retrieved 188 articles, of which 56 were selected according to the established criteria. After a careful reading of all selected articles, 5 analysis categories were outlined: type of study; participants; type of approach; type of discussion and curricular matrices. We also outlined subcategories within each category, with a total of 26 subcategories. Results show that Scholar Google was the database with a higher number of studies found (188/156); Scielo, however, shows a better efficiency in the relation retrieved x selected (12/10). When analyzing the subcategories, the most frequent were empirical studies (22); children (19); qualitative analyses (21); within the curricular matrices of Physical Education (7) and Math (4), presents concern with teacher education (12). Studies are convergent in pointing out that the major difficulties on teaching to blind and visually impaired students refer to poor teacher training, when, normally, there is no discussion on the teaching and producing material to work with this specific population. Finally, in addition to mapping studies that have been carried out with blind students in the past ten years, this article points out to gaps in the literature and directs future investigations in this area.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Transferência de funções discriminativas com estímulos táteis sobre a leitura em cegos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-10-31) SOUZA, Jaci Augusta Neves de Souza; ASSIS, Grauben José Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0722706223558223
Recombinative generalized reading is the ability to respond to different combinations of letters and syllables that form new words without an explicit training. The stimulus equivalence paradigm has been the instrument used to explain the repertoires emergence of generalized reading without having been taught all these conditional discriminations. In this case, the linguistic units will be now under control of new relationships. The aim of this study was to establish the transfer of stimulus control of words spelled with Braille symbols for three-syllable words spelled with the symbols of the Roman alphabet printed in relief. Participants were two teenage girls with elementary and medium level of schooling and an adult at a university level of education. They all had congenital blindness and were literate on Braille and they all knew the symbols of the Roman alphabet. Three modes of presentation of tactile stimuli were planned: words, syllables and letters. To install the baseline a teaching procedure was organized with words, syllables and letters, which were echoed before the participants touch them. The AB relationship was taught and it configured the recognition of representing images that corresponded to the words. The BA relationship was taught to confirm that the participant was able to name the figures printed in relief. The AC relationship was referring to the field of reading Braille characters and it was a prerequisite for the participant inclusion in the study. The AD relationship corresponded to the presentation of the word, syllable or letter in the auditory modality for the participant to grope a stimulus as compared to the corresponding word, syllable or letter written with Roman characters printed in relief. The CD relationship evaluated the transfer of discriminative functions for the presentation of three-syllable words spelled in Braille as a model for the participant to choose the correct stimulus as compared to the words spelled with the Roman alphabet printed in relief. Finally, the DB relationship stated that in presence of three-syllable words spelled in Roman letters embossed, each participant chose the corresponding figure. The results showed the transfer of discriminative functions in Braille characters for the symbols of the Roman alphabet printed in relief on transitivity tests, with 100% of accuracy for the performance of the three participants. For these results it can be stated that once having acquired mastery of reading the Braille System it is possible to extend this control stimuli to the domain of reading the symbols of the Roman alphabet in relief, and question the use of the Braille System as a unique method to literate visually impaired people.