Navegando por Assunto "Chiroptera"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise citogenética comparativa em espécies de morcegos da subfamília phyllostominae (chiroptera-phyllostomidae) por citogenética clássica e hibridização in situ Flourescente (fish)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-03-29) SILVA, Natalia Karina Nascimento da; PIECZARKA, Julio Cesar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6644368250823351
Bats are a highly distributed and diversified group.The diversity of feeding habits makes the Order Chiroptera one of the highest successes among mammals, being very important, because of these habits, on the control of insects, on pollination, and on dispersion of seeds of many vegetables. The family Phyllostomidae is the third bigger family on number of species into the Order Chiroptera. Among the neotropical ones, this family is the most numerous, being found in the rainforests of South America, especially in the Amazon region, where there is the highest diversity of bats in the World. In the present work it was analyzed cytogenetically a sample of three species of the subfamily Phyllostominae: Chrotopterus auritus, Trachops cirrhosus and Vampyrum spectrum collected in the Pará and Amazon states. The chromosomal data obtained for Chrotopterus auritus (2n = 28 e NF = 52) and Trachops cirrhosus (2n = 30, FN = 56) are in agreement with the ones described in the literature. For Vampyrum spectrum (2n=30 NF=56) we described for the fist time the banding patterns and FISH (Fluorescent in situ Hybridization). The C-banding technique demonstrated a pericentric pattern of distribution of the centromeric heterochromatin in the three species here studied. The FISH with telomeric DNA probes shown only distal hybridizations in all chromosomes of the three species, while the 18S rDNA proble confirmed the location of the NOR observed by Ag-NOR staining, in the long arm of pair 2 Chrotopterus auritus, in the pair 11 of Trachops cirrhosus and in the long arm of the pair 1 of Vampyrum spectrum. The comparative analysis among the species suggests an extensive chromosomal differentiation, with few chromosome pairs being shared among the three genera. Five whole chromosome pairs were conserved without any rearrangement after the divergence of the three lineages. The comparison among the species shows that C. auritus and V. spectrum have more shared pairs between them than with T. cirrhosus. Our results support the phylogenetic association between C. auritus and V. spectrum and suggest the association of T. cirrhosus with the genus Phyllostomus.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise citogenética em morcegos da família Emballonuridae (Chiroptera) da Amazônia Brasileira através de citogenética clássica e molecular
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-04-29) ARAÚJO, Ramon Everton Ferreira de; PIECZARKA, Julio Cesar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6644368250823351
This is the first description of the karyotypes of bats of the family Emballonuridae from the Brazilian Amazon region. The species studied were Cormura brevirostris-CBR (2n=22; NF=40), Rhynchonycteris naso-RNA (2n=22 and NF=36), Saccopteryx canescens-SCA (2n=24 and FN=38) and Saccopteryx leptura-SLE (2n=28 and NF=38), characterized by G-, C-banding, NOR-staining and Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH). In CBR the karyotypes found had the same diploid number and fundamental number than in literature. FISH with ribosomal DNA probes and Ag-NOR staining showed two NOR places. Hybridization with telomeric probes showed that the sequences were found in the centromeres of all chromosomes but the Y. Using meiotic studies, chromosome banding and FISH with a whole X chromosome probe from Phyllostomus hastatus (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) we suggest that the sex chromosome pair of this species is not the one described in the literature. Cells in diploid and diakinesis had a ring conformation with four chromosome pairs, what suggests multiple reciprocal translocations among these chromosomes, a very rare situation in vertebrates and never found in eutherian mammals. The analyses of RNA, SCA and SLE shows that the karyotypes of Emballonuridae are very conservative even when compared with samples collected geographically very far, but the C-banding analyses shows that it can happen intraspecific variations in the constitutive heterochromatin. For the first time the Nucleolar Organizer Regions were described, showing a stained pair of chromosomes on each analyzed species. The FISH with 18S rDNA probes agrees with the Ag-NOR staining. FISH with human telomeric probes showed hybridizations in the distal portion of all chromosomes. These works are Important to understand the biodiversity of bats from the Amazon region, as well as the comprehension of the chromosomal evolution of Chiroptera.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização da comunidade de quirópteros (Mammalia) em áreas naturais e manejadas da Floresta Nacional do Tapajós, PA - Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2000-12-01) SALDANHA, Nélio; MARQUES-AGUIAR, Suely Aparecida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8269757332399292
Bats represent 25% of the mammal World fauna, being the most diversified and abundant mammals in the Neotropical region. About 128 species of bats have been recorded only in the Brazilian Amazonia. They possess a great morphological variability that allows them to occupy different trophic niches in an ecosystem. Bats play an important role on the maintenance and regeneration of the ecosystems they live, being efficient in seed dispersal, pollination, and biological contral of insects. They also constitute good bioindicators for the status and dynamics suffered by those ecosystems. The present study aims to characterize the batfauna of primary forest, secondary forest, and a selective logging experiment areas at the Tapajós National Forest - PA, Brazil. The levels of impact by the logging and by the secondary forest areas on the bat community were then compared to the primary forest controls in each habitat and in its microhabitats; or physiognomies: understory matrix, natural gaps, logging gaps, and wood storage decks. Comparisions were conducted trough analysis of distribution, diversity, relative abundance, number of species, and guild densities. The samples constitute 55 species, most of them frugivorous, and pertaining to six families. Concerning to the number of bat species and their diversity, the logging area exhibits some impact, but not so accentuated as the secondary forest area. Comparison among habitats suggests that the secondary vegetation provides a higher bat density. However, this vegetation structure benefits only a few species. Frugivores/omnivores and aerial insectivores bats are the most succeed guilds in secondary vegetation. Comparison among physiognomies have suggested that the understory bats avoid opened spaces in the vegetation. Succession stages observed hem show dynamics that need a periodic monitoring, so that a more realistic model could be designed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Evolução cromossômica e mapeamento genômico comparativo em morcegos da subfamília Phyllostominae (Mammalia, Chiroptera)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-07-11) SILVA, Natalia Karina Nascimento da; PIECZARKA, Julio Cesar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6644368250823351