Navegando por Assunto "Classes de equivalência"

Agora exibindo 1 - 2 de 2

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação de simetria por comparação de treinos de emparelhamento ao modelo sucessivo (go/no-go)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-09-16) PICANÇO, Carlos Rafael Fernandes; BARROS, Romariz da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7231331062174024
Successive matching-to-sample (go/no-go) has been pointed out as an effective procedure to reduce stimulus control digressions in conditional relation training with non-humans. Other studies suggest the comparison between (symmetrical and non symetrical) conditional discrimination acquisition curves as a way to evaluate properties of equivalence relations. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of using both procedures above mentioned in evaluating the property of symmetry in four capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp). Stimulus presentation, activation of devices, and response recording were automatically controlled by software. Subjects were maintained under conditions approved by IBAMA. By mean of an “ABAB” single subject design, the acquisition of symmetrical (A) and non-symmetrical (B) conditional discriminations were compared. In both Condition A and B, conditional relations A-B and B-A were simultaneously trained so that in every condition, four new arbitrary conditional discriminations (with new stimuli arbitrarily related) were presented. When symmetrical, positive combinations were A1-B1, A2 B2, B1-A1, and B2-A2, and negative combinations were A1 B2, A2 B1, B1 A2 and B2 A1. When non-symmetrical, positive combinations were A1 B1, A2 B2, B1 A2, and B2 A1, and negative combinations were A1 B2, A2 B1, B1 A1 e B2 A2. Two of the four subjects (Negão e Bongo) completed que acquisition of one (Bongo) or two (Negão) sets of conditional relations (Conditions A-symmetrical and B-non-symmetrical) for the evaluation of the viability of the procedure to verify the property of symmetry. Data demonstrate that the method here reported detected the presence of the property of symmetry in the conditional relations leraned by Negão and its absence in the conditional relations learned by Bongo. Data are inconclusive for the other two subjects. One detailed analysis of the performance of each subject and its measures is also presented.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Formação de classes de equivalência via consequências específicas em crianças com autismo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-02-25) SANTOS, Eugênia Andréa Leão; BARROS, Romariz da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7231331062174024
Some previous studies, reporting equivalence or functional class formation with classspecific consequence procedures, found inter-subject variability due to loss of reinforcers efficacy. In the present study, we evaluated (1) the efficacy of introducing variations of events (within a category) as class-specific consequences and (2) the inclusion of such consequences into the equivalence classes. Two children diagnosed with autism participated. They were given identity matching to sample training (stimulus set A) and simple discrimination reversal training (stimulus set B). A variety of videos of a same theme plus a variety of food within the same category (such as sweet or salty) were used as class-specific consequences. Probe trials tested for the emergent arbitrary relations AB and Consequence-A relations. Both participants showed 100 percent of accuracy in baseline discriminations after four 24-trial training sessions. The accuracy criterion for performance in test blocks, to consider that the tested relations emerged, was (a) choose the stimulus S+ in the first test trial of each tested relation and (b) choose the S+ on at least five out of six trial in the test block. Performance of both participants reached the criterion and showed the inclusion of the classspecific consequences in the classes. The data reported here (1) show that the use of classspecific consequences comprising a variety of elements was efficient to maintain reinforcement efficacy; (2) confirm theoretical predictions on the inclusion of reinforcers into the equivalence classes, and on the possibility of equivalence relations in three-term contingencies; (3) encourage the use of similar procedures in applied context.