Navegando por Assunto "Clima urbano"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise das características socioambientais na cidade de Belém/PA: um estudo da vegetação e clima urbano
(Universidade Estadual Paulista, 2017-01-24) RODRIGUES, José Edilson Cardoso; AMORIM, Margarete Cristiane de Costa Trindade; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6644811083291335
In recent decades the rapid growth of cities has caused substantial changes in the urban landscape, making start to generate their own environmental conditions and which are not always favorable to the population. One of the changes observed is the urban climate generation, because the city changes the climate mainly in micro and meso scale, through the surface changes causing the temperature rise, precipitation change, the winds flow modification and humidity. Another major change observed in the urban landscape is the reduction of vegetation cover, which performs various functions in the social, aesthetic and climatic context softening temperature and humidifying the in the urban environment and other. Interest in the study of the interaction between vegetation and urban climate of the city of Belém-PA, due to the reduction that vegetation has suffered and may have a significant impact on intraurban temperature that has seen an increase in recent decades. Thus, the main objective was to conduct a study relating to the reduction of the vegetation cover and the change in temperature patterns in the area that is the First League Balance of Belém-PA. The methodology embraced a conceptual theoretical analysis, with the method of the hypothetical-deductive analysis, adopting as a theoretical reference the urban climate system proposed by Monteiro (1976), emphasizing the thermodynamic subsystem. In proceedings conducted cartographical survey, use of thermal images, mapping of vegetation cover for lifting Vegetation Cover Index (VCI) and Vegetation Cover Index by Inhabitant (VCI / I), land use mapping, survey of temperature, time and space from INMET data, fixed mini-stations, transects and field work for records and observations. Thus, it was found that the loss of plant cover in Belém has been considered a historical process due to the city occupation process. Looking for VCI District, the DABEL (9.41%) had the highest rate, followed by DASAC (5.66%) and DAGUA (3.37%). The time temperature analysis showed a considerable growth trend over the decades and from thermal images the temperature of targets experienced fluctuations, especially in some neighborhoods located further north and south of League. Neighborhoods with little vegetation had higher temperatures compared to neighborhoods with large trees. Therefore, the loss of plant cover in the First League area associated with high temperatures has revealed a worrying environmental framework, particularly in neighborhoods that had VCI low and high density buildings which is directly reflected in the increase in temperature in these neighborhoods.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Clima urbano de Belém, Pará: percepção climática, climatologia e modelagem atmosférica.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-01-29) OLIVEIRA, Juarez Ventura de; PIMENTEL, Márcia Aparecida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3994635795557609; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9893-9777; COHEN, Júlia Clarinda Paiva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0293299378753887; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2048-8915
The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of urbanization on Belém’s climate and how part of its population perceives climate change. Belém’s climate and the urban – atmospheric interaction were studied with meteorological station data and with simulations of three different soil cover scenarios (urbanization in 2017, 1986 and a scenario where all urbanization was replaced by forest) for the Belém’s Metropolitan Region (considered as the main urban areas of Belém, Ananindeua and Marituba) using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The perception analysis was made via a questionnaire applied in four places with different socio and environmental characteristics. These places were select from the Socio – Environmental Typology Map that was developed using 2010 Census data and satellite image. From the four sites, two of them represent well vegetated and verticalized region, with medium/high income population and low demographic density (typology Type III). The other two places represent areas with sparse vegetation, with low houses, low income population and high demographic density (Type I). The results showed that, regardless of the typology, the questionnaire participants noticed changes in the climate of Belém. According to them, due to the development of local urbanization, Belém is warmer and with higher precipitation variability. The Belém weather station corroborated this perception, but stations in nearby municipalities have also warmed in recent years, making it difficult to link this change with urbanization. However, there is a greater accumulation of precipitation in Belém, which was not observed on the other stations data, and from the WRF results it was observed that the current characteristics of the RMB (Belém Metropolitan Region) can intensify the development of local convective systems, causing stronger storms and consequently higher accumulation of precipitation due to increased vertical wind shear and available energy for convection. Although the participants have perceived these changes and have been impacted by them (different for each typology, but mainly health and financial issues), most of them do not know how to adapt their life to this new climate scenario or adapts inefficiently to it due to a lack of knowledge, time and/or financial resources. However, when it comes to Belém itself, the interviewees were able to suggest adaptation strategies that can have a significant impact on the local climate and even minimize the effects of urbanization on the atmosphere.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dinâmica da urbanização na região metropolitana de Belém e mudanças nos regimes sazonais durante o clima atual e futuro num cenário amazônico.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-04-29) GUTIERREZ, Carlos Benedito Barreiros; SOUZA, Everaldo Barreiros de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6257794694839685; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6045-0984
The intense and systematic process of urban population densification and vegetation suppression, a characteristic of anthropic transformations, can trigger several changes not only in the geographic space, but also in the regional climate, thus yelding impacts on social and environmental dimensions. The main objective of this study is to quantify the spatial/temporal dynamics of changes in the surface cover of the Metropolitan Region of Belém (RMB), in eastern Amazon, with a focus on urbanization, during the last four decades, including analysis of the effects/impacts on the seasonal regimes of the rainy (January to April) and dry (July to November) regimes. In addition, a Downscaling study was performed using the regional model RegCM4 to generate future climate projections (next two decades) for the RMB associated with the impacts of global climate change. To achieve the proposed objectives, the study made use of demographic data from the IBGE, mapping by remote sensing with the application of physical indices to identify land use and cover changes, environmental data extracted from the MapBiomas platform and several in situ (station) and satellite (CRU, CHIRPS and CMORPH) climate databases. Statistical methods and quantitative analyzes were used in these databases. The results obtained in the independent study of multitemporal mapping by remote sensing, corroborated by the MapBiomas data, revealed major transformations over the regional landscape of the RMB in the last decades. Among the main evidences found, we can report: urban expansion conditioned a warmer climate in the city of Belém; in the RMB, the vegetation suppression led to the expansion of pasture/agriculture areas, whose environmental changes explained the trend of monotonic increase in air temperature in both seasonal regimes; Belém and RMB present trends of systematic intensification of the rainy regime. The projections generated by RegCM4 (considering the RCP8.5 scenario that is the most extreme of global warming) indicate that regional patterns of future climate in Belém and RMB will be affected by global climate change. Future climate simulations (next 25 years, 2021 to 2045) in relation to current climate data (last 35 years, 1986 to 2020) indicate that warmer urban climate conditions are expected to persist in the coming decades, with an increase in air temperature of 1.5ºC in the RMB and 1.3ºC in Belém for the dry regime and 1ºC in the RMB and 0.9ºC in Belém for the rainy regime. There are indications of continuation of the positive trend of the rainy regime with an increase in precipitation of about 25% in the RMB and 14% in Belém. Finally, it appears that the availability of satellite images, observational climate data bases and time series of meteorological data, associated with image geoprocessing techniques, advances in modeling science and computational technologies to perform downscaling with RegCM4, make possible the continuous monitoring and integrated investigation of the urban geographic space and seasonal climate pattern, whose scientific results are relevant to support the planning and decision-making of municipal environmental management and the elaboration of public policies for the benefit of society.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Hemerobia da paisagem de Belém na Amazônia Oriental e estudo de impacto da urbanização no clima local
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-01-30) FURTADO, Leonardo Seabra; SOUZA, Everaldo Barreiros; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6257794694839685; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6045-0984
Among the human activities that modify the surface coverage of natural landscapes, the urbanization process can be considered as one of the most serious forms of environmental anthropization. The impacts of urbanization are systemic in physical and ecological dimensions, with a direct effect being the change in local climate, particularly the increase in surface air temperature. In the present study, the concept of hemerobia (a term from landscape ecology that means “distance from nature”) is applied as a remote sensing technique to map the urbanization process in the municipality of Belém, the capital of the state of Pará in the region of Eastern Amazon. The results of mapping changes in land cover, comparing the years 1985 and 2021, revealed a significant increase in urbanization, which expanded by 17% at the expense of forest areas, which reduced by 11%. The urban area denoted by the areas of metahemerobia and polyhemerobia (classes with a medium and high degree of urban coverage) expanded to the neighborhoods and districts located in the center and north of the municipality and along the coastal strip of the islands of Outeiro and Mosqueiro. The results of the environmental mapping were integrated with statistical analyzes of air temperature data (point data from the meteorological station and CRU data at high spatial resolution), aiming to investigate the impacts of urbanization on seasonal patterns of maximum air temperature (TX) and minimum (TN). Trend analyzes showed significantly warmer climate patterns, with a notable indication of systematically higher TX and TN in the most densely urbanized areas compared to areas with preserved vegetation, with the increase in air temperature being more significant (statistically significant) during the dry season (July to November). An interesting result was found in the spatial maps of TX for the dry regime, with a climatological pattern similar to the classic heat island model with concentric isotherms that reach a maximum center over the more urbanized continental region of Belém and thermal decrease at the edges. The study highlights the urgent importance of government policies to mitigate the negative impacts of urbanization in the metropolitan area of Belém.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Hemerobia da paisagem de Belém na Amazônia Oriental e estudo de impacto da urbanização no clima local
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-01-30) FURTADO, Leonardo Seabra; SOUZA, Everaldo Barreiros; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6257794694839685; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6045-0984
Among the human activities that modify the surface coverage of natural landscapes, the urbanization process can be considered as one of the most serious forms of environmental anthropization. The impacts of urbanization are systemic in physical and ecological dimensions, with a direct effect being the change in local climate, particularly the increase in surface air temperature. In the present study, the concept of hemerobia (a term from landscape ecology that means “distance from nature”) is applied as a remote sensing technique to map the urbanization process in the municipality of Belém, the capital of the state of Pará in the region of Eastern Amazon. The results of mapping changes in land cover, comparing the years 1985 and 2021, revealed a significant increase in urbanization, which expanded by 17% at the expense of forest areas, which reduced by 11%. The urban area denoted by the areas of metahemerobia and polyhemerobia (classes with a medium and high degree of urban coverage) expanded to the neighborhoods and districts located in the center and north of the municipality and along the coastal strip of the islands of Outeiro and Mosqueiro. The results of the environmental mapping were integrated with statistical analyzes of air temperature data (point data from the meteorological station and CRU data at high spatial resolution), aiming to investigate the impacts of urbanization on seasonal patterns of maximum air temperature (TX) and minimum (TN). Trend analyzes showed significantly warmer climate patterns, with a notable indication of systematically higher TX and TN in the most densely urbanized areas compared to areas with preserved vegetation, with the increase in air temperature being more significant (statistically significant) during the dry season (July to November). An interesting result was found in the spatial maps of TX for the dry regime, with a climatological pattern similar to the classic heat island model with concentric isotherms that reach a maximum center over the more urbanized continental region of Belém and thermal decrease at the edges. The study highlights the urgent importance of government policies to mitigate the negative impacts of urbanization in the metropolitan area of Belém.