Navegando por Assunto "Cobertura vegetal"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise das características socioambientais na cidade de Belém/PA: um estudo da vegetação e clima urbano
(Universidade Estadual Paulista, 2017-01-24) RODRIGUES, José Edilson Cardoso; AMORIM, Margarete Cristiane de Costa Trindade; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6644811083291335
In recent decades the rapid growth of cities has caused substantial changes in the urban landscape, making start to generate their own environmental conditions and which are not always favorable to the population. One of the changes observed is the urban climate generation, because the city changes the climate mainly in micro and meso scale, through the surface changes causing the temperature rise, precipitation change, the winds flow modification and humidity. Another major change observed in the urban landscape is the reduction of vegetation cover, which performs various functions in the social, aesthetic and climatic context softening temperature and humidifying the in the urban environment and other. Interest in the study of the interaction between vegetation and urban climate of the city of Belém-PA, due to the reduction that vegetation has suffered and may have a significant impact on intraurban temperature that has seen an increase in recent decades. Thus, the main objective was to conduct a study relating to the reduction of the vegetation cover and the change in temperature patterns in the area that is the First League Balance of Belém-PA. The methodology embraced a conceptual theoretical analysis, with the method of the hypothetical-deductive analysis, adopting as a theoretical reference the urban climate system proposed by Monteiro (1976), emphasizing the thermodynamic subsystem. In proceedings conducted cartographical survey, use of thermal images, mapping of vegetation cover for lifting Vegetation Cover Index (VCI) and Vegetation Cover Index by Inhabitant (VCI / I), land use mapping, survey of temperature, time and space from INMET data, fixed mini-stations, transects and field work for records and observations. Thus, it was found that the loss of plant cover in Belém has been considered a historical process due to the city occupation process. Looking for VCI District, the DABEL (9.41%) had the highest rate, followed by DASAC (5.66%) and DAGUA (3.37%). The time temperature analysis showed a considerable growth trend over the decades and from thermal images the temperature of targets experienced fluctuations, especially in some neighborhoods located further north and south of League. Neighborhoods with little vegetation had higher temperatures compared to neighborhoods with large trees. Therefore, the loss of plant cover in the First League area associated with high temperatures has revealed a worrying environmental framework, particularly in neighborhoods that had VCI low and high density buildings which is directly reflected in the increase in temperature in these neighborhoods.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aplicação de sensoriamento remoto na análise espaço-temporal das ilhas de calor e ilhas de frescor urbanas no município de Belém - Pará, nos anos de 1997 e 2008
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-06-30) CASTRO, Allison Reynaldo da Costa; SANTOS, Odete Cardoso de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1908818896169417
The urbanization has been provoking local variations in several climatic elements, among them it a increase of the temperature of the air, provoking the emergence of portions of the space with larger temperatures than the areas to yours spill, that calls her of urban islands of heat. Among the causes of the appearance of the islands of heat, the retreat of the vegetable covering is the most relevant. The purpose of this work was to identify, through the technique of remote sensing, the urban islands of heat and the urban islands of coolness in the continental area of the Municipal district of Belem, as well as the variation of the vegetable covering, comparing the results of the years of 1997 and 2008, in order to reveal a possible relationship between the variation of the vegetable covering and the islands of heat and urban islands of coolness. To develop this research, it was fallen back upon thermal images of sensor TM for determination of the temperature values, as well as data of temperature of the air observed in the stations: climatological conventional of Belem (2o. DISME / INMET), meteorological sinotic of Val-of-Cans and meteorological automatic sinotic of Belem (2o. DISME / INMET). The vegetable covering was also determined with use of the images of sensor TM, with the bands 3,4 and 5. In agreement with the obtained results, it was ended that there was an increase of the urban islands of heat in 2008, mainly in the located neighborhoods in the areas of the Avenue Augusto Montenegro and Highway Arthur Bernardes, and reduction of the islands of coolness in several parts of the continental area of Belem, due to the absence of the vegetable covering, in relation to the year of 1997. It was also possible to identify that in the study area, there was a reduction of the existent vegetable covering in 2008 in comparison with 1997, reduction that that happened mainly in the area that is besides to 1st Patrimonial League of the municipal district of Belem, in the axis understood between the Avenue Augusto Montenegro and the Highway Arthur Bernardes, enlarging the urban area and the increase of the temperature, that it favored the expansion of islands of heat.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dinâmica temporal da cobertura vegetal da Comunidade Água Fria na RDS Alcobaça em Tucuruí-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-12-27) SILVA, Renata Albuquerque da; GODOY, Bruno Spacek; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4036516695601666; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9751-9885
The Tucuruí Hydroelectric Power Plant has great socioeconomic and environmental importance for the southeast region of Pará, due to the formation of its artificial lake, resulting in changes in vegetation cover and loss of biodiversity. This study seeks to understand the dynamics of change in vegetation cover that occurred in the Água Fria Community, RDS Alcobaça, after the filling of the Tucuruí Reservoir, making it possible to understand the changes resulting from deforestation and subsidize proposals for interventions. Digital Image Processing (PDI) techniques were used, divided into stages: Landsat 8, Landsat 7 and Landsat 5 image acquisition; combination of spectral bands (Band 3 and Band 4) and atmospheric correction; NDVI calculation, map production and statistical analysis. To obtain the orbital images, the U.S.G.S. digital platform was used, in the months of July, August and September, from 1990 to 2020, with intervals of two years. The NDVI value showed no relationship with the years, indicating that during the years analyzed there was no significant reduction in the vegetation cover on the ground in the Água Fria community, in the Alcobaça RDS.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ecosystem services and urban vegetation coverage in Belém: the influence on noise pollution, air pollution and climate regulation
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-06-27) CARVALHO, Roberta Mendonça De; SZLAFSZTEIN, Claudio Fabian; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1348005678649555
The ties between urban areas and environmental issues are growing as strong as the global awareness of the need to conserve, improve and valorize the ecosystem services provided by nature, in order to ensure the sustainability of life in and outside cities. Green vegetation coverage (or green areas) is one of the major sources of such services. Considering that there is no turning back on urbanization process, and the urban environmental problems are on the rise, the urban green areas should be among the elements that influence urban life quality. As a result of the urbanization process, the city of Belém has lost a great percentage of its natural ecosystems. This work focused at analyzing ecosystem services (air quality, air pollution and climate regulation) provided by local vegetation coverage quality and quantity, considering the spatial distribution and temporal changes on three administrative districts. A theoretical framework was built and assessed while vegetation coverage was calculated using NDVI and Fractional Vegetation Coverage on LANDSAT 5 imagery over a 23-year period. Owing to a more detailed scale, NDVI enabled conducting the quantitative and qualitative analyses of vegetation coverage, which showed significant loss of very dense, dense and moderate vegetation coverage and an increase in poor vegetation and bare soil areas. In addition, the study findings revealed increased noise pollution, decrease in air quality and increase in temperature, all resulting from changes in natural coverage. The significant lack of environmental data leaves no doubt about the urgency of investing on vegetation coverage for the urban sustainability in Belém, given that both actual and forecast scenarios indicate drastic green area losses. Hence, more research and both public and private initiatives are encouraged to contribute to the development of Belém ecosystems services and contribute to the enhancement of public well-being.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A ilusão da igualdade: natureza, justiça ambiental e racismo em Belém
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-07-31) MIRANDA, Thales Barroso; CARDOSO, Ana Cláudia Duarte; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3138101153535395; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1866-453X
This master thesis comes from a concern about the lack of recognition of social and racial inequalities as structuring elements in the production of urban space in Brazil, mainly by environmental studies. Address the exploitation of the environment to achieve profit and favor certain social classes that have control of land ownership, and social and political power, it has been the most common approach in the Brazilian context. In the context of an Amazonian city like Belém, flat relief and water stand out as historically dynamic elements of urban occupation and disproportionately more severe environmental consequences for certain social groups. Thus, this master thesis aims to reveal environmental injustices and social and racial inequalities in the production of the urban space of Belém, historically marked by rentier urban growth, by territorial dispute and countless environmental consequences. The methodological procedure was diverse, first of all it started with a bibliographic review about nature, Brazilian racial issue, and the sociospatial formation of Belem. Then, it was made analysis of urban growth patterns of the metropolitan region of Belem, through digital rating techniques of orbital images, with two periods of time (1984 to 1999 and 1999 to 2018). The same period of time selected were used to analyze the urban occupation and the hydrological impacts in the river basin of the Metropolitan Region of Belem. To conclude, it was made analysis of socioeconomic, racial, environmental and urban infrastructure data of Belem. The obtained results show that there is a correlation between the urban spot, the vegetal cover and the reduction of adequate rates for the operation of river basins in the Metropolitan Region of Belem. Furthermore, it was verified that two out of three people live in the flooding area of Belem, which is mostly composed of black and low-income people. It was also verified that the overflow in the city match with the flooding susceptible areas, due to the lack of urban drainage and the incapacity of public management of the territory, masked with a speech which blames the nature. It is conclude that the environmental issues in the urban space of Belem affect unequally the population of the city and they are based on structures of political, economic and social power grounded in racism and inequality.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Modelagem de dinâmica do uso da terra e cobertura vegetal na região de Santarém, oeste do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009) COELHO, Andréa dos Santos; AGUIAR, Ana Paula Dutra de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5810427753185619
In the last decade (1999-2009), the area of grain agriculture of Santarém region increased, mainly that of rice, corn and soybean. In the base of land tenancy structure of the region, this dynamic has occurred to land concentration due to the replacement of small for large and capitalized properties. Public policies of territorial law-enforcement created a mosaic of land unities with specific land-use rules, the conservation unities and a variety of settlement projects. The objectives of this research are: 1) to study the process of landscape transformation after the expansion of intensive grain agriculture, and 2) to construct scenarios of future that analyze alternatives to sustain? deforestation and land concentration in process in the region. Remote sensing techniques were used in Landsat 5 TM images of 1999, 2004 e 2007. Dynamic modeling techniques were used to explore scenarios of future (2015), considering rules of territory use. The results showed that until 2004, most of intensive grain agriculture was established in areas formerly occupied by smallholdings, pasture and capoeira (secondary vegetation). After 2004, the expansion of that land-use occurred mainly in forest areas, especially in settlement projects. The analyze of use transitions images in different types of settlement showed that the rules of land-use established as measure of territorial law-enforcement are not obeyed in many cases. As main methodological contribution, this research showed the importance of institutional variables related to land tenancy structure in analyzing landscape transformation and constructing scenarios. It was showed that this approach is necessary to understand the transformation processes in the studied region.