Navegando por Assunto "Cobra"

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Análise da variação morfológica de Dipsas catesbyi (Sentzen, 1796) e Dipsas pavonina Schlegel, 1837 (Serpentes: Colubridae: Dipsadinae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006) LIMA, Ana Caroline de; PRUDENTE, Ana Lúcia da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1008924786363328
The subfamily Dipsadinae contains about 22 genus of Neotropical fauna and 24 others considered incertae sedis, but with common characters to the Dipsadinae subfamily. The genus Dipsas, Sibon, Sibynomorphus and Tropidodipsas compose the Dipsadini tribe, which is considered a well-based monofiletic group. The tribe is characterized by snakes with a high degree of morphologic specialization, related to the way of feeding and to adaptations to the habitat. The Dipsas genus includes approximately 32 species, distributed from Mexico to South America, it is constituted by thin and elongated snakes, with short and prominent head, great eyes, vertical pupils and absence of mental groove. The species are visible variable in coloration, number of scales and others morphologic characters. This extreme variation has made it difficult to define the limits between the species and to interpret patterns of geographic variation. The great morphologic variation of characters in D. catesbyi and D. pavonina, associate to the difficulty to identify taxons and the lack of information on geographic distributions, justify the necessity of a detailed analysis of these species. For that, the present study was divided in two chapters. The first one corresponds to the analysis of the individual, sexual and geographic variation of D. catesbyi and D. pavonina and a comparison of characters between the two species. The second one corresponds to the analysis of the macrostructure of the cephalic glands in these two species, relating them with others taxons of Dipsadinae.
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Aspectos clínico-patológicos do envenenamento botrópico experimental em equinos
(2011-09) SOUSA, Melina Garcia Saraiva de; TOKARNIA, Carlos Maria Antônio Hubinger; BRITO, Marilene de Farias; REIS, Alessandra dos Santos Belo; OLIVEIRA, Carlos Magno Chaves; FREITAS, Nayra Fernanda de Queiroz Ramos; OLIVEIRA, Cairo Henrique Sousa de; BARBOSA NETO, José Diomedes
The clinical and pathological alterations in horses, experimentally inoculated with Bothropoides jararaca, Bothrops jararacussu, Bothrops moojeni and Bothropoides neuwiedi poisons, were studied with the purpose to supply subsidies for the diagnosis of the poisoning. The liofilized poisons were diluted in 1ml of physiologic solution and subcutaneously administered to six horses, at doses of 0.5 and 1mg/kg (B. jararaca), 0.8 and 1.6mg/kg (B. jararacussu), 0.205mg/kg (B. moojeni) and 1mg/kg (B. neuwiedi). All horses, less those that received the poison of B. jararacussu, died The clinical signs began between 8min and 2h10min after the inoculation. The clinical course varied, in the four cases of lethal exit, from 24h41min to 70h41min, and was 16 days in the two horses that recovered,. The clinical picture, independent of the poison type and doses, was characterized by tumefaction at the site of inoculation, dragging on the ground with the hooves of the inoculated leg, inquietude, apathy, decrease of reaction to external stimuli, pale mucous membranes and hemorrhages. Laboratory exams revealed normocytic normochrômic anemia with progressive decrease in the number of erythrocytes, of hemoglobin and of the hematocrit, and leucocytosis due to neutrophilia. There was increase of alamina aminotransferase, creatinaquinase, lactic dehydrogenase, ureia and glucose, as well increase of the time of activation of protrombin and partial tromboplastina. At postmortem examination, the main findings were extensive hemorrhagic areas in the subcutaneous tissue, with the presence of non-coagulated blood, to a large degree associataed with edema (hemorragic edema), which extended from the inoculation site of the venom to the cervical, thoraxic and scapular region, and to the leg. In the periphery of the hemorragic areas existed gelatinous edema. There were great amounts of sanguinary liquid in the thoracic, pericardic and abdominal cavities. No significant histological alterations were found.
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Biologia reprodutiva e alimentar de Liophis reginae semilineatus (Wagler,18424) e Liophis taeniogaster jan, 1863 (Serpentes, Colubridae, Xenodontinae) da Amazônia oriental, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007) CASTRO, Luiz Paulo Printes Albarelli de; COSTA, Maria Cristina dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1580962389416378
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização morfológica de Liophis reginae semilineatus (Wagler, 1824) e Liophis reginae macrosomus (Amaral, 1935), e o status taxonômico de Liophis oligolepis Boulenger, 1905
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2002-10-25) COSTA, Robson Gil Neris; PRUDENTE, Ana Lúcia da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1008924786363328
The Brazilian subspecies of Liophis reginae (Liophis reginae macrosomus and Liophis reginae semilineatus) were analyzed, in order to characterize the two taxa and to verify the validity of Liophis oligolepis, considered a synonym of Liophis regime semilineatus. External morphology, cranial osteology and hemipenis were examined. Based on a MANOVA, significant sexual differences in head and body variables were identified. A discriminant analysis function (DAF) was performed for males and females separately, in order to maximize in a multivariate space the differences between the three previously defined taxa: Liophis reginae semilineatus, Liophis reginae macrosomus, and Liophis oligolepis. The first discriminant component in males separated clearly Liophis reginae semilineatus and Liophis oligolepis, while Liophis reginae semilineatus and Liophis reginae macrosomus separated at the second discriminant component. In females, the first disctiminant component separated Liophis oligolepis from Liophis reginae semilineatus and Liophis reginae macrosomus. When both sexes were analysed together, for the pairs of taxa Liophis oligolepis - Liophis reginae semilineatus, and Liophis reginae semilineatus - Liophis reginae macrosomus, both pairs were separated by the first discriminant component. Since some specimens of Liophis reginae semilineatus and Liophis reginae macrosomus were registered beyond their previous known distribution, a DAF was applied to verify if these specimens grouped within their presumed taxa or geographically. The first possibility occurred, supporting the validity of each taxon and raising the question of their taxonomic status. The hemipenian morphology does not differ between Liophis reginae semilineatus, Liophis reginae oligolepis and Liophis reginae macrosomus. The three taxa present similar skulls, although differences were observed between the parietal bones of Liophis reginae semilineatus and Liophis reginae oligolepts. The validity of Liophis oligolepis was corroborated, based on meristic, morphometric and morphological characters. Future studies will be necessary to test the Liophis reginae semilineatus and Liophis reginae macrosomus status.
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Composição e diversidade de serpentes em um mosaico de habitats no município de Urbano Santos, Maranhão
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003-04-15) LIMA, Jucivaldo Dias; GALATTI, Ulisses; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1040132527458660
This study presents results of a year of field observations on the snake fauna sampled in a habitat mosaic ecompassing flooded and non-flooded forest types, eucalyptus plantations and open vegetation areas, at Urbano Santos, Maranhão State of Brasil. The area is covered by Savanna vegetation and the climate is tropical megathermical, with annual rainfail around 1800mm. The yaer of study (2001) was drier than average rainfall (1197.5mm). Sample were made from January to December 2001, during 24 field trips, lasting for days each 15 day period. Sampling effort was 768h/oberver including diurnal and nocturnal visual search. Each habitat was sampled by randorn linear transect chosen by chance. During the study, 114 snakes belonging to six families, 27 genera and 32 species were captured. For each species data smout-vet length, ativity period, juvenile presence, spatial distribution and microhabitat are presented. Among the 32 species registred, six were new record for Maranhão State (Apostolepis cearensis, Helicops leopardinus, Oxyrhopus trigeminus, Psomophis joberti, Waglerophis merremíí e Micrurus ibiboboca). Among the species registered, 40.1% were arboreal, 25.0% were subterraneous, 21.9 % terrestrial and 12.5% aquatic, even though some species occupied more than one microhabitat. Most species occurred in flooded and non-flooded forests, and open vegetation areas. In general, similarity between habitats was low; only the non-flooded forest, and open vegetations areas shared more than 60% of species. Estimates of species richness according to various estimators, indicated that the number of species observed was lower than expected, varying between 38 (bootstrap) and 58 (Chao 2). Compementarity between the habitat showed more similarity between flooded and non-flooded forest to open vegetation area. The sanke fauna in the area appears to be most similar to that recorded from the Ceará State mountaing range. The results represent the first contribution to the knowledge of the snake diversity in the region and offer first data for future projects on monitoring snake fauna and habitat status in the area.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Composição, ecologia e história natural das serpentes de uma região de transição Amazônia - Cerrado, Mato grosso, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) ABE, Pedro Santos; COSTA, Maria Cristina dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1580962389416378
This study aimed to document the composition and natural history of a community of snakes recorded at Tanguro Farm, Querência municipality, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil, an area which represents a transition between two major neotropical biomes, Amazonia and Cerrado. Six expeditions to the study site were carried out, resulting in the record of 203 specimens (194 captures), distributed in 34 species, 26 genera and 8 families. An estimate based in the incidence of rare species (Jackknife 1) indicated a total richness of 38 species in the study site, which demonstrate that the inventory was relatively exhaustive. The most abundant species were Caudisona durissa (N=50), Philodryas olfersii (N=15), Philodryas nattereri (N=13), Xenodon rabdocephalus (N=12), Lachesis muta (N=10) e Liophis almadensis (N=10). A Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCO) demonstrated that the taxocenosis are superimposed, revealing a trend to formation of three distinct groups: Amazonia’s, Cerrado´s and Mata Atlantica´s taxocenosis. The species composition at Tanguro Farm was intermediary between the groups formed by Amazonian and Cerrado species, occurring species with wide distribution ranges as well as species restrict to either Amazonia or Cerrado. The pattern of habitat use of the studied taxocenosis is terrestrial, followed by semi-arboreous and fossorial. With regards to the feeding strategies, there are a predominance of generalist snake species. An analysis of ecological groupings showed four functional groups, suggesting that the taxocenosis complexity could be explained by ecological and historical factors.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Feeding ecology of Liophis reginae semilineatus (Serpentes: Colubridae: Xenodontinae) in eastern Amazon, Brazil
(2010-02) ALBARELLI, Luiz Paulo Printes; COSTA, Maria Cristina dos Santos
We studied the diet of Liophis reginae semilineatus (Wagler, 1824) from eastern Amazon, Brazil, based on the analysis of 182 preserved specimens. Thirty-six individuals had prey in their stomachs; 34 (95%) contained exclusively anurans and 2 (5%) contained both anurans and lizards. The most common prey items were small Leptodactylus sp. (33.3%), followed by Physalaemus ephippifer (Steindachner, 1864) (10.3%). Prey ingested head-first (78%; n = 25) were significantly larger than prey ingested tail-first (22%; n = 7). Females of L. reginae semilineatus have longer and wider heads than conspecific males with the same body length, which correspond to sexual divergences in the diet (size of the prey). No correlation was found between snake head length vs. prey size (SVL, width and mass). Liophis reginae semilineatus is an anurophagous snake that probably forages actively on the ground.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Geographical variation in the reproduction and sexual dimorphism of the Boddaert's tropical racer, Mastigodryas boddaerti (Serpentes: Colubridae)
(2013-10) SIQUEIRA, Débora Mendes; NASCIMENTO, Loana Pastana; MONTINGELLI, Giovanna Gondim; COSTA, Maria Cristina dos Santos
We obtained data on time of sexual maturity, dimorphism, fecundity and on the reproductive cycle of Mastigodryas boddaerti (Sentzen, 1796) through the examination of 321 preserved specimens, of which 221 were collected in the Brazilian Amazon region and 100 in the Cerrado savannas of Central Brazil. The degree of sexual size dimorphism (snout-vent length, SVL) was significantly greater in the specimens from the Cerrado in comparison with those from the Amazon. Females had a significantly larger number of ventral scales, on average, whereas males had more sub-caudal scales. However, there was no intersexual difference in tail length or head width, although the heads of the males were significantly longer, which may reflect dietary differences. Breeding females from the Amazon region contained between one and six eggs (N = 12, mean = 3.0), whereas two females from the Cerrado had four to six eggs (N = 10, mean = 5.0). No relationship was found between the SVL of the Amazonian females and the number of eggs or vitellogenic follicles they contained (Cerrado females were not analyzed here due to small sample size). Males are smaller than their female counterpart when they reach sexual maturity. Even though females from the Amazon reproduce throughout the year, females from the Cerrado breed seasonality.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
História natural e ecologia das serpentes da Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã e áreas adjacentes, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) MASCHIO, Gleomar Fabiano; MARTINS, Marlúcia Bonifácio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8882047165338427; PRUDENTE, Ana Lúcia da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1008924786363328
The search for patterns of community structure and composition is essential to provide information which allows the sustained management of species populations and monitoring of antropic activities. Despite the fact that Neotropical region harbors an enormous diversity of species and complex ecological interactions, very little information is available on snake assemblages. Therefore, the processes responsible for community organization are not well understood. In Brazil, several studies were conducted to analyze the factors responsible for the patterns of distribution and interactions among snake species. In order to identify the factors that determine those patterns and which affinities (ecological and or historical) those species share, a study of the local taxocenose of snakes was performed in the Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã and adjacent areas, from 2005 to 2006. Four sampling methods were used employed: time constrained search, local collectors, incidental encounters, and pitfall traps with drift fences, in five areas (IBAMA and Caquajó in the Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã; Marinaú, Enseada and Mojuá located in adjacent areas to the Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã). A total of 378 specimens of snakes within five families, 35 genera and 50 species were registered. Considering the records of species obtained in this study and those from previous studies, the local number of snake species increases from 63 to 69 species. The methods that best revealed the number of individuals were time constrained search (199/378) and local collectors (159/378). Incidental encounters (11/378) and pitfall traps with drift fences (9/378) were less representative. The estimated richness (Jackknife 1) from PLT data was 56 (+or– 4) species. The composition of snake species in the studied area shows higher similarity with taxocenoses of other Amazon areas. Most abundant species, as revealed by time constrained searches, were Imantodes cenchoa, Corallus hortulanus and Leptodeira annulata. All methods showed Bothrops atrox, Imantodes cenchoa and Corallus hortulanus as most representative. The areas under high antropic pressures located out of the National Forest showed lower abundance and richness when compared to protected areas in there. Nine potentially specialist species were recorded: Lachesis muta (small mammals), Atractus schach (earthworms), Dipsas catesbyi (mollusks), Helicops trivitatus and Hydrops triangularis (fish), Siphlophis compressus (lizards), Xenopholis scalaris, Taeniophallus brevirostris (anuran) and Tantilla melanocephala (centipedes). The items most frequently consumed were lizards, anurans and small mammals. The snake species primary or exclusively diurnal represent the larger percentage. Most species analyzed present non seasonal reproductive period, possibly as a result of no significant differences in the mean temperature throughout the year. The taxocenose of snake species in the Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã and neighboring areas is formed by groups of species that share similar patterns of feeding and daily activities. Besides several ecological factors such as temperature and pluviometric averages and biome structure, historical factors (such as morphological adaptations of snake species) influence on sbake taxocenose composition in the Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã and adjacent areas. Thus, more studies on the ecology and natural history of snakes must be continuously conducted in order to characterize novel patterns of distribution of snake species in different biomes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Morfologia e taxonomia de Atractus latifrons (Günther, 1868) (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) e seu relacionamento mimético com corais verdadeiras na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) ALMEIDA, Paula Carolina Rodrigues de; PRUDENTE, Ana Lúcia da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1008924786363328
Animal coloration is an important biological attribute with different functions related to the strategies adopted by individuals in the environment, such as thermoregulation, defense and inter and intraspecific communication. The mimicry is perhaps one of the most important biological communication mechanisms, often involving similarity of color with a defensive connotation. Systems mimetics reflect a complex evolution process that accentuates similarities morphological or behavioral between two or more species guaranteeing adaptive advantages at least one. Though common between invertebrates, mimicry also observed in vertebrate groups as lizards and serpents eg. For examples common mimicry snakes are described relations between corals true and false. The false coral, Atractus latifrons (Günther, 1868) is endemic in the Amazon and occurs in the Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela. Due to the similarity of their different color patterns, this species was related to some species of the genus Micrurus coral snakes that also have Amazon distribution. Although the chromatic variation of this species has been reported by some authors, some questions about the intraspecific polymorphism and its relation to geographic distribution, as well as the mimetic relationship with the coral snakes Micrurus not yet been studied. With the purpose of contribute to the elucidation of these issues, this study was organized into two chapters: In first entitled "Variation Morphological and Taxonomy Atractus latifrons (Günther, 1868) (Serpentes: Dipsadidae)" were presented morphological variations species including descriptions their standards chromatic and variations morphological intraspecific A. latifrons and analysis sexual dimorphism group; in second chapter entitled "Relations mimicry between Atractus latifrons and corals true Amazon" were identified for possible models mimetics A. latifrons, inferring their mimetic relationships through the analysis of co-occurrence and distribution maps showing patterns among mimetic species involved.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Morfologia hemipeniana de 11 espécies do gênero Micrurus Wagler, 1824 na Amazônia Brasileira, com redescrição de Micrurus filiformis (Günther, 1859) e Micrurus paraensis Cunha & Nascimento, 1973 (Serpentes, Elapidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006) FEITOSA, Darlan Tavares; PRUDENTE, Ana Lúcia da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1008924786363328
Micrurus includes snakes of semi-fossorial, terrestrial and semi-aquatic habits, distributed from the southern United States to southern Argentina. From the 66 currently valid species, 25 are registered on the Brazilian Amazonia. In order to improve the knowledge on this group Brazilian Amazonia Micrurus, data about pholidosis, hemipenis and geographic distribution of 542 individuals of 11 species were collected. The present work contains two chapters. The first one is a comparative description of hemipenis from 11 Micrurus species. Diagnosis, coloration pattern, hemipenis description, geographic distribution are presented for each taxon. The hemipenis of M. hemprichii ortonii and M. paraensis are described for the first times. The second chapter presents more thorough a description of two species, M. filiformis and M. paraensis, based on the external hemipênis.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Revisão taxonômica de Liophis typhlus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Serpentes: Colubridae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007) SILVA, Márcio André Amorim da; PRUDENTE, Ana Lúcia da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1008924786363328
The Liophis typhlus (Linnaeus, 1758) it is a species of restricted distribution to the South America, being recognized three subspecies: Liophis typhlus typhlus found in the tropical forests throughout the Amazonian basin in the following countries: Equador, Bolivia, Colombia, Peru the East of Andes, North and East of Venezuela, Guianas and Brazil; Liophis typhlus brachyurus gift in Forest Atlantic of the southeastern Brazilian, Cerrados Center-west Brazilian, and in Paraguay; and Liophis typhlus elaeoides gift in the basin of the River Paraguay, including the Chacos of southeastern of Bolivia, North of Paraguay, and Center-west of Brazil. With the objective to taxonomic revise of Liophis typhlus 16 morphometrics and 19 meristics characters of 240 specimens had been analyzed. The skull and hemipenis they had been analyzed of comparative form between taxa. Sexual differences had been identified significant, using test t. Analyses of Discriminante Function had been carried through enter studied specimens of taxa. The multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used between taxa, to verify significant differences between them. Significant difference between males and females, with regard to the, of the specimens of L. t elaeoides was evidenced. In L. t. typhlus had been evidenced significant differences with regard to six characters (CT, CCA, LCA, LFR, CMA and VE). The results of the analyses of the Discriminante Function had indicated a clear distinction between three taxa studied. The coloration pattern, the skull and hemipenis they had been important in diagnose of the species. The distribution of L. typhlus, seems to be restricted to the Amazonian, having its south limit in the north of Mato-Grosso next to the area to Amazonian-Cerrado transistion. L. brachyurus more is associated the Cerrado, however it occurs in areas of Forest Atlantic, Caatinga and Pantanal. L. elaeoides possesss an area of more restricted distribution to the Chaco and Pantanal, however its distribution was extended, with analysis of two units originating the Rio Grande do Sul. It was not possible to verify the phylogenetic relationships between species L. brachyurus, L. elaeoides and L. typhlus with the too much species of the genera.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Taxocenose de serpentes (Squamata: Serpentes) em uma área de transição cerrado-caatinga no município de Castelo do Piauí, Piauí, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-05) RODRIGUES, Francílio da Silva; PRUDENTE, Ana Lúcia da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1008924786363328
A survey of the snake fauna in a transition area between Cerrado and Caatinga in the municipal district of Castelo do Piauí was made. Six trips were accomplished between October, 2005 and July, 2006, in three vegetation types: Rocky Savanna, Open Savanna and secondary growth of Tipical Savanna, totalizing 120 days of field work. Three methods were used: Pitfall traps with drift fences, Time Constrained Search and Occasional Encounters. Eighteen species were registered. As expected for the South American formations, Colubridae presented the greatest species richness. The community is predominantly composed by Xenodontinae (11 species), following by Colubrinae (Mastigodryas bifossatus and Spilotes pullatus) and a single species of Dipsadinae (Leptodeira annulata), reflecting the community structure and the evolutionary pattern of the colubrids phylogenetic lineages. Thamnodynastes sp. (n = 7), Philodryas nattereri (n = 5) and Phimophis iglesiasi (n = 5) were the most abundant species in the studied area, different from others formations of snake communities in Brazil which are dominated by Viperidae. The richness estimators Chao 2 and Jack1 indicate that the community is composed by nearly 24 species. Time Constrained Search was the most effective method, although it is recommended the use of the three methods for a more complete snake survey. It was demonstrated the predominance of terrestrials, diurnals, oviparous snakes, which probably feeds on amphibians and lizards. The Principal Coordinates Analysis, cluster analysis, similarity indices and distribution patterns of the species between the biomes, shows that the studied area is more similar to open areas (Cerrado, Caatinga e Pantanal) that to forest formations, reforcing the idea that the snake community of Castelo do Piauí suffers direct faunistical influence from the Cerrado and Caatinga biomes. This data are congruent with those from flora studies, and point preferential association to Caatinga communities. The PCO and cluster analysis suggests that the hypothesis of mixed composition of Cerrado and Caatinga faunas, as pointed in other studies, is based on misinterpreted data.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Taxocenoses de serpentes em grupos fitofisionômicos de cerrado no Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades, Piracuruca, Piauí, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007) ROCHA, Wáldima Alves da; PRUDENTE, Ana Lúcia da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1008924786363328
The snake fauna of the “Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades, Piraracuruca, Piauí,Brazil”, have been surveyed. Data on composition, species richness and species abundance in different habitats, patterns of daily activity, diet and reproduction are presented as well as a comparison with other areas based on species composition. Six expeditions have been made, between September 2005 and August 2006, with total of 120 days of fieldwork. Three sampling methods were used: time-constrained search (PLT), pitfall traps with drift fences (AIQ) and occasional encounters (EO). We recorded 87 snakes, belong to in four families (Boidae, Colubridae, Elapidae, Viperidae), 18 generas and 24 species. The dominant species was Thamnodynastes sp. (13,1%), followed by Oxyrhopus trigeminus and Micrurus ibiboboca (10, 3%). There was a prevalence of terrestrial species with diurnal activity. Like other assemblages of open formations, Colubridae snakes dominanted. The Cerrado Típico the largerst diversity of species, whereas the smallest diversities were registered in the Campo Limpo and Cerrado Rupestre. PLT was the most efficient method for snake sampling. However no single method alone, worked well enough and the three methods should be used together for a better sampling of the area. Through an PCO analysis and grouping analysis it was possible to observe that although the study site is floristically and fisiomically similar to the snake fauna was more similar to assemblages of areas in despite of occurring a similarity with Cerrado, the composition of species showed larger similarity faunistic with assemblages of areas Cerrado/Caatinga and Caatinga.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Variação morfológica e molecular de Typhlops reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Serpentes: Typhlopidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) SILVA, Ariane Auxiliadora Araújo; PRUDENTE, Ana Lúcia da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1008924786363328
Snakes are traditionally divided in two infraorders: Alethinophidia, taxonomic and ecologically more diverse and Scolecophidia, a group of fossorial snakes known as blindsnakes. Among Scolecophidia, Typhlopidae is the most specious family with 260 species. Due to the fossorial habitat, the Typhlopidae are poorly represented in scientific collections and the paucity of sample tissues has been an impediment to molecular studies. Therefore, many aspects of evolutionary biology including prevalent modes of speciation, patterns of diversification, and geographical structuring of population genetic diversity, are still poorly understood. The goals of this study are to analyze the morphological and molecular variation of Typhlops reticulatus, a fossorial snake. For the morphological analysis, 314 specimens of Typhlops (196 of Typhlops reticulatus). were used, morphometric, scalation, hemipenis and cranial osteology characters were analysed. We sequenced the mitochondrial genes Coi and Cyt b for 21 tissue samples of T. reticulatus from different localities. We used Maximum Parsimony and Maximum Likelihood to construct the phylogenetic trees and the relationships among the groups were infered through haplotype network. Through molecular and morphological characters, we detected two different evolutionary lineages of T. reticulatusAmazon River; the last described as a new species in this study. Our analysis also identified two new species: Typhlops sp nov. 1 collected in Urbano Santos, Maranhão and Typhlops sp nov. 2 from Manaus, Amazonas. The results of this study support the previous idea that species with wide geographic distributions conceal cryptic diversity and have evolutionary histories more complex than previewed.