Navegando por Assunto "Colossoma macropomum"

Agora exibindo 1 - 10 de 10

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise de desenvolvimento do tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818) (Pisces, Serrasalmidae), utilizando a massa de mandioca branca, Manihot esculenta (Crantz) como complemento alimentar em viveiros de piscicultura em área de várzea
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009) SOUZA, Alex da Silva Lobão; MELO, Nuno Filipe Alves Correia de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4989238044542736
The State possesses favorable conditions for the development of the fishculture, that it will be constituted in an alternative for the production of proteins of animal origin, capable to aid in the reduction of the accentuated deficits found in the alimentary diet of the population paraense of low income, as well as, to minimize the punctual problems caused by the fisheries pression and chemical pollution. It is the várzeas of Brazilian Amazonia, they are constituted then, in a great potential for the development of the rational fishculture, maintaining the sustentable of the ecosystem through handling technologies, in substitution to the methods traditional and predatory capture. One of the main problems of the fishculture is the high cost the ration that gets to compose up to 80% of the total cost of the activity, because a diet doesn't exist with regional products that lowered that cost, The cost of the rations extrused oferted in the area it extrapolates the limit of the economy, owed mainly to the aggregation of the freight, see the shortage of the local industries, as well as the high prices of the main input, notedly in if being about the fraction proteic that is more onerous of the diet. With base in that reality, the Amazon area throws hand of by-products of the agroindustry of easy acquisition and low cost, to minimize the expenses with the fishculture and to guarantee the presence of the fish in the table of the population, that is the consumed food. In the experiment the used species was the tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum it is an ideal species for fishculture in várzea area by virtue of its rusticity. With that the study of alternative diets facilitates a cultivation that makes possible the practice economically. The experiment was accomplished in the area of várzea of UFRA, where they were submitted to 3 treatments, where: V1) it was administrated ration extrused 28% P.B.; V2) ration commercial extrused 28% parceled out with mass of white cassava and V3) it was administrated mass of white cassava. At the end of the experiment it was observed that the nursery where was administrated commercial ration presented better acting zootecnic, even so the nursery 2 where it was administrated) ration commercial estrusada 28% parceled out with mass of white cassava presented a similar acting to the previous, obtaining smaller consumption 50% of ration extrused.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação do sistema digestório de juvenis de tambaqui Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818) alimentados com rações formuladas utilizando ingredientes regionais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-04-02) SIZO, Fabricia de Jesus Paiva da Fosenca; FERREIRA, Maria Auxiliadora Pantoja; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1832728101486131; ROCHA, Rossineide Martins da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371300451793081
The objective of this study was to evaluate the digestive system of juvenile tambaqui fed with an experimental diet containing 28% crude protein and 3000 Kcal/kg, with an inclusion of 20% of the following ingredients: palm kernel cake, tucuma pie and coconut bran. We used 300 juveniles tambaqui (16.0± 1.5 g), distributed in 12 recirculating tanks (250L) with continuous filtration and aeration of water. The experiment design was randomized and conducted with three replicates of four treatments identified as basal diet- T1, palm kernel-T2, tucumã- T3 and coconut-T4. After feeding for 60 days portions of the mid intestine and live were fixed in bouin and processed for optic microscopy. Morphometric of intestinal villi showed that diets, T1 and T4 interfered in the epithelial microvilli height. Hepatocytes showed differences between the diets T3, T2 and T1. Hepatic changes were significant in the tucumã diet. Leading to the conclusion that a diet based on palm kernel is the most suitable to feed juveniles tambaqui.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Characterization of the acute inflammatory response in the hybrid tambacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus male × Colossoma macropomum female) (Osteichthyes)
(2009-08) MARTINS, Maurício Laterça; Myiazaki, DMY; DIAS, Marcos Tavares; FENERICK JÚNIOR, Jaime; ONAKA, Eduardo Makoto; BOZZO, Fabiana Rizzi; FUJIMOTO, Rodrigo Yudi; MORAES, Flávio Ruas de
This work evaluated the acute inflammatory response induced by injections of 0.5 mL saline solution (control), 500 µg carrageenin and 0.5 mL thioglycollate 3% in the swim bladder of juvenile tambacu hybrid. Fish were distributed in three treatments, three replications and acclimated for a period of 10 days before assay. The cell characterization from the inflammatory exudate was performed in Giemsa and PAS stained smears. Carrageenin, injected in fish, showed an increase on the total number of cells in the inflammatory exudate when compared to saline and thioglycollate injected. Whereas, for carrageenin-injected fish, the percentage of thrombocyte was higher than thioglycollate. On the other hand, granulocyte percentage in thioglycollate-injected fish was higher than the ones injected using carrageenin. Carrageenin provoked the highest migration of macrophage to the inflammatory site. The PAS method confirmed the presence of three types of granulocytes: eosinophilic granular cell (EGC) type 1 with the characteristics of a special granulocytic cell commonly found in the circulating blood; EGC type 2 shorter than the last one and neutrophil. This study contributes to a better understanding of the inflammatory response and infectious processes in native fish.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos de dietas suplementadas com vitamina e sobre o crescimento, eficiência alimentar e parâmetros hematológicos e fisiológicos do tambaqui Colossoma macropomum (CUVIER, 1818)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016) ALVES, Adriana Xavier; SILVA, Evaldo Martins da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6649371901290988; VERAS, Galileu Crovatto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4497651649653210
The vitamin E inclusion in fish food is related to improvements in in growth performance and nonspecific immune response for different species. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different vitamin E levels (DL acetate-α-tocopherol, 50% active) on productive performance, hematological variables, hematometric index and physiological parameters of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) fingerlings. A total of 150 fishes with an average weight of 2.94 ± 0.14 g and initial average standard length of 4.29 ± 0.07 cm were distributed in aquariums (300 L) in water recirculation system, temperature of 27.13 ± 0.45 ºC, pH 7.16 ± 0.45, dissolved oxygen 7.15 ± 0.88 mg L-1, electronical conductivity 0.142 ± 0.05 (μs cm-1); ammonia 0.00 ± 0.00 (ppm) and nitrite 0.19 ± 0.25 mg L-1. The stocking density was 10 fishes per experimental unity. The inclusion levels of α-tocopherol in the diet were 0, 250, 700 and 1,000 mg kg-1. Thus, was used a completely randomized design with five treatments and three repetitions, where the fishes were fed three times a day during 90 days. The results indicate that the different vitamin E levels did not affect the productive performance of tambaqui fingerlings. However, the inclusion of 1,000 mg kg-1 of α-tocopherol reduced (P<0.05) the glucose amount in comparison to the supplemented treatments with 0 and with 250 mg kg-1. The hematocrit, total protein, erythrocytes number and hematometric index of tambaqui fingerlings were not affected (P>0.05) by α-tocopherol supplementation. In differential leukocyte count, there was no significant difference of lymphocyte number, monocytes and basophiles. However, the neutrophil number was greater in the control treatment (P>0.05), while eosinophil and specials granulocytic cells were better than control treatment (P<0.05), while the eosinophils number was special granulocytic cells was higher than treatments with 700 mg kg-1 and 250 mg kg-1 of α-tocopherol, respectively. Although vitamin E supplementation in the diet did not influence the productive performance of tambaqui fingerlings, the fishes fed diet nonsupplemented showed increased of neutrophils number, demonstrating greater susceptibility of these fishes to inflammation process.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Genetic variation in native and farmed populations of Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) in the Brazilian Amazon: regional discrepancies in farming systems
(2013) AGUIAR, Jonas da Paz; SCHNEIDER, Horacio; GOMES, Maria de Fátima; CARNEIRO, Jeferson Costa; SILVA, Simoni Santos da; RODRIGUES, Luis Reginaldo Ribeiro; SAMPAIO, Maria Iracilda da Cunha
The tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum, is the most popular fish species used for aquaculture in Brazil but there is no study comparing genetic variation among native and farmed populations of this species. In the present study, we analyzed DNA sequences of the mitochondrial DNA to evaluate the genetic diversity among two wild populations, a fry-producing breeding stock, and a sample of fish farm stocks, all from the region of Santarém, in the west of the Brazilian state of Pará. Similar levels of genetic diversity were found in all the samples and surprisingly the breeding stock showed expressive representation of the genetic diversity registered on wild populations. These results contrast considerably with those of the previous study of farmed stocks in the states of Amapá, Pará, Piauí, and Rondônia, which recorded only two haplotypes, indicating a long history of endogamy in the breeding stocks used to produce fry. The results of the two studies show two distinct scenarios of tambaqui farming in the Amazon basin, which must be better evaluated in order to guarantee the successful expansion of this activity in the region, and the rest of Brazil, given that the tambaqui and its hybrids are now farmed throughout the country.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
High genetic diversity and connectivity in Colossoma macropomum in the Amazon basin revealed by microsatellite markers
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-03) GOMES, Paola Fabiana Fazzi; GUERREIRO, Sávio Lucas de Matos; PALHETA, Glauber David Almeida; MELO, Nuno Filipe Alves Correa de; SANTOS, Sidney Emanuel Batista dos; HAMOY, Igor Guerreiro
Colossoma macropomum is the second largest scaled fish of the Amazon. It is economically important for commercial fisheries and for aquaculture, but few studies have examined the diversity and genetic structure of natural populations of this species. The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of genetic variability and connectivity that exist between three natural populations of C. macropomum from the Amazon basin. In total, 247 samples were collected from the municipalities of Tefé, Manaus, and Santarém. The populations were genotyped using a panel of 12 multiplex microsatellite markers. The genetic diversity found in these populations was high and similar to other populations described in the literature. These populations showed a pattern of high gene flow associated with the lack of a genetic structure pattern, indicating that the number of migrants per generation and recent migration rates are high. The values of the FST, RST, and exact test of differentiation were not significant for pairwise comparisons between populations. The Bayesian population clustering analysis indicated a single population. Thus, the data provide evidence for high genetic diversity and high gene flow among C. macropomum populations in the investigated region of the Amazon basin. This information is important for programs aiming at the conservation of natural populations.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Innovative molecular approach to the identification of Colossoma macropomum and its hybrids
(2012-06) CUNHA, Maria de Fátima Gomes; SCHNEIDER, Horacio; BARROS, Maria Claudene; SAMPAIO, Dioniso de Souza; HASHIMOTO, Diogo Teruo; PORTO-FORESTI, Fábio; SAMPAIO, Maria Iracilda da Cunha
Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) is the fish species most commonly raised in the Brazilian fish farms. The species is highly adaptable to captive conditions, and is both fast-growing and relatively fecund. In recent years, artificial breeding has produced hybrids with Characiform species, known as "Tambacu" and "Tambatinga". Identifying hybrids is a difficult process, given their morphological similarities with the parent species. This study presents an innovative molecular approach to the identification of hybrids based primarily on Multiplex PCR of a nuclear gene (α-Tropomyosin), which was tested on 93 specimens obtained from fish farms in northern Brazil. The sequencing of a 505-bp fragment of the Control Region (CR) permitted the identification of the maternal lineage of the specimen, all of which corresponded to C. macropomum. Unexpectedly, only two CR haplotype were found in 93 samples, a very low genetic diversity for the pisciculture of Tambaqui. Multiplex PCR identified 42 hybrids, in contrast with 23 identified by the supplier on the basis of external morphology. This innovative tool has considerable potential for the development of the Brazilian aquaculture, given the possibility of the systematic identification of the genetic traits of both fry-producing stocks, and the fry and juveniles raised in farms.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Otimização da extração de gelatina a partir de pele de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-04-10) OLIVEIRA, Luã Caldas de; RIBEIRO, Suezilde da Conceição Amaral; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3519207052266437; ARAÚJO, Éder Augusto Furtado; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2252474296406344
The aim of this study was to optimize the extraction of gelatin obtained from skin tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). Were first studied eleven variables: concentration, immersion time and weight/weight (w/w) solutions of NaCl, NaOH and acetic acid, extraction time and extraction temperature as a function of the dependent variable total yield (%). A fractional planning Plackett Burman (PB) was used. Variables that showed significant effects were: w/w NaOH and acetic acid, extraction time and extraction temperature. They were then studied through a central composite design (CCD) and analyzed by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The other variables that showed no significant effect, have had their fixed values. The responses evaluated were the total yield (%) viscosity (cP) and melting point (°C). From there a CCRD was produced twentyeight trials with sixteen factorial trials, four trials at the center point and eight trials on the axial levels. The models for all responses obtained F value higher than the tabulated value, being considered significant and predictive. The value of lack of fit was found lower than the tabulated for models of three responses value. The R2 values for the models were 0,947 for total yield, 0,969 for viscosity and 0,946 melting point. The choice of the optimal extraction conditions happened at the center point area, where these conditions were 1/5 (w/w) NaOH, 1/5 (w/w) acetic acid, extraction time of 12 hours of temperature extraction of 60ºC. After that, the physical and physico-chemical characterization and total amino acid amount of the skin and the gelatin extracted with the optimized conditions was performed, and instrumental color in gelatin. The skin moisture showed 38,11%, fat contents of of 26,56%, protein content of 30,39%, ash content of 1,37%, pH and total acidity of 6,35 ± 2,28 0.06 mL NaOH/100g skin. Gelatin had 9.43% moisture, fat contents of of 1,23%, protein content of 85,99%, ash content of 2,99%, pH 6,12, acidity of 2,94 mL NaOH/100g gelatin and water activity of 0,436. In addition, the process of extracting gelatin showed total yield of 29.06%. The gelatin had a viscosity of 3,48 cP, gel strength (Bloom) 124,5 g and melting point of 25,63 ° C. Also presented as instrumental color parameters L * (lightness) of 74,01, a * 4,17 and b * -10,25, Chroma 11,06 and Hue angle of -22,14°. The amino acid profile of skin gelatin were practically the same, except for cysteine. The amino acids in greater quantity in the gelatin were glycine, proline and hydroxyproline. These last two amino acids are classified as imino acids, and their content of 21.03% is considered high and is associated with higher viscoelastic properties.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Pesque-solte: pesca repetitiva, variáveis hematológicas e parasitismo no peixe híbrido tambacu
(2013-08) VARANDAS, Daniela Nomura; MARTINS, Maurício Laterça; MORAES, Flávio Ruas de; RAMOS, Fabrício Menezes; SANTOS, Rudã Fernandes Brandão; FUJIMOTO, Rodrigo Yudi
The objective of this work was to evaluate the hematological and parasitological responses of tambacu (Colossoma macropomum x Piaractus mesopotamicus) subjected to catch-and-release stress and to different stocking densities in a catch-and-release system. Two hundred and ten fish with mean initial weight of 785.33±152.02 g and mean total length of 34.43±2.21 cm were maintained in ponds and divided into three groups: without fishing and low density (G1), with fishing and low density (G2), and with fishing and high density (G3). No significant differences were observed between the mean values for hemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte number, differential counting of leukocytes, and glucose. The fish from the G3 group showed higher parasite and thrombocyte numbers, and lower weight gain and hematocrit. The activity of catch-and-release, associated with high stocking density, can disrupt organic balance and animal performance, favoring parasitosis.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Studies of micronuclei and other nuclear abnormalities in red blood cells of Colossoma macropomum exposed to methylmercury
(2011) ROCHA, Carlos Alberto Machado da; CUNHA, Lorena Araújo da; PINHEIRO, Raul Henrique da Silva; BAHIA, Marcelo de Oliveira; BURBANO, Rommel Mario Rodriguéz
The frequencies of micronuclei (MN) and morphological nuclear abnormalities (NA) in erythrocytes in the peripheral blood of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), treated with 2 mg.L-1 methylmercury (MeHg), were analyzed. Two groups (nine specimens in each) were exposed to MeHg for different periods (group A - 24 h; group B - 120 h). A third group served as negative control (group C, untreated; n = 9). Although, when compared to the control group there were no significant differences in MN frequency in the treated groups, for NA, the differences between the frequencies of group B (treated for 120 h) and the control group were extremely significant (p < 0.02), thus demonstrating the potentially adverse effects of MeHg on C. macropomum erythrocytes after prolonged exposure.