Navegando por Assunto "Comportamento - Modificação"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos das propriedades formais de regras em forma de pedido sobre o comportamento de escolha
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-06-21) LOPES, Danielly da Silva; ALBUQUERQUE, Luiz Carlos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5261537967195189
The present study investigates the effects of the manipulation of justification about following rules. More specifically, tried to investigate the effects of a request to the occurrence of following the rules which describes that the emission of behavior should produce reinforcement immediately (rule nº 1) and the occurrence of following the rule which describes that the emission of behavior should produce reinforcement at the end of the research. thirty six undergraduate participated in the research, divided equally into six conditions. It was used a matching-to-sample procedure; the task consisted in pointing to each one of the comparison stimuli in a given sequence. The participant earned points, in continuous reinforcements to not follow the sequences of answers described in rules I and F. However, if after the last attempt (40th attempt) of the second phase of each condition the participant followed the rule, at least in seventy of eighty attempts of the study, he could earned a hundred points at the end of the research. The results suggest that manipulation of justifications to the following of rules, in other words, manipulation of found properties of rules, may determine the behavior of following the rules.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos de instrução e de automonitorização sobre seguimento de regras para aplicação de insulina em crianças com diabetes Tipo 1
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-08-22) MOREIRA, Alana dos Anjos; FERREIRA, Eleonora Arnaud Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6600933695027723
Diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) is a metabolic disease characterized by loss of the ability of the pancreas to produce insulin, which causes an increase in blood glucose (blood sugar), leading to acute and chronic complications. This research was conducted in two stages: in Stage 1, the objective was to characterize children with DM1 treated at an university federal hospital (UH) for the treatment of diabetes; and, in Stage 2, the objective was to analyze the effects of instruction and self-monitoring, according to their order of presentation, among the behavior of rule-following for the use of insulin in children with DM1, relating to family support reported by these children. Eleven children with DM1 participated in this study (n = 11) in Stage 1 and two (n = 2) in Stage 2 with their caregivers at this stage, all aged between 9 and 12 years. In Stage 1, the data collection was held in the waiting room of the Endocrinology clinic of the UH, and in Stage 2, it was held at the residence of the child. The instruments used for data collection were: Game of Treatment Adherence (GTA); Interview Guide on Insulin; Inventory of family support for treatment; Protocol for analysis of medical records; 24h recall; Manual with instructions on applying insulin; Game of application of insulin; and forms of selfmonitoring. The results obtained in Stage 1 showed that the sample size was too small and that the majority were female. However, in Stage 2, only two male participants agreed to continue the study. The GTA showed that the most participants learned the correct way to order the images of the game, indicating that these participants had access to the rules for the use of insulin at breakfast. It was also observed that children did not have a good glycemic control, according to data from medical records, since the majority presented results of the examination of glycated hemoglobin above 8%, regardless of the time of diagnosis. The most participants stated that Stage 1 was only using the pen to apply insulin. It was found that the majority (n = 8) of participants reported Stage 1 autonomy regarding the behavior of glycemia and insulin apply. In Stage 2, it was observed that, in both cases, the measurement of blood glucose was monitored by caregivers more than the actual application of insulin. Another result found was that the majority of children (n = 8) learned to measure blood glucose and to apply insulin with a family member - especially the mother. It was noted that family support did not appear to be a variable directly related to to the knowledge about insulin and its form of application by the patient. According to the results of Inventory of family support for treatment, the participants reported that perceived family suport treatment, especially emotional, followed by social support for diet and for taking blood glucose tests. In Stage 2, regarding the use of insulin, it was observed that the values of pre-prandial glycemia were not used by both participants as tips to select the rapid insulin unit to be used before meals. These results suggest that both the Manual with instructions on applying insulin as the forms of self-monitoring, as well as 24h recalls, produced no changes in the behavior of participants on this aspect. In this study, it was observed that the time of diagnosis of the participants of the Stage 2 showed a direct relation with the understanding of treatment rules. Therefore, it is expected that this research has contributed to the literature on treatment adherence in children with DM1 and the rule-following of the application of insulin, suggesting the use of instructions as justifications, followed by forms of self-monitoring as a behavioral technique in promoting behavioral treatment adherence in this population.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Intervenção ao autismo via ensino de cuidadores
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-07-16) BORBA, Marilu Michelly Cruz de; BARROS, Romariz da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7231331062174024; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1306-384X
Autism Spectrum Disorder is a developmental disorder highly prevalent in the world population. Behavior-Analytic Intervention to autism is being pointed internationally as one of the most effective ways of intervention, provided that it is individualized, intensive, early, and extensive. Under such conditions, although highly effective, Behavior-Analytic Intervention is inaccessible to most of the affected population in Brazil. Having said that, intervention via caretakers may result as an efficient and viable alternative. Nevertheless, research on the efficacy of such ways of indirect intervention are rare, particularly in Brazil. The purpose of the present work was to develop an intervention program via caretakers and evaluate its efficacy to teach basic skills (“sit down”, “wait”, “greeting”, “attend when called by name”, “visual tracking”, “imitation with and without objects”). Six children diagnosed with ASD (with ages up to six years old) participated together with their respective caretakers. The caretakers were given conceptual and practical teaching and were supervised one a week. The teaching programs were carried out mainly by discrete trial. The results show efficacy of the intervention via caretakers, with the teaching programs being well succeeded to develop the above mentioned basic repertoires. Also, this research documented maintenance and generality of the taught repertoire. Additionally, the present dissertation includes other two components that are reports of basic research on the acquisition of tacts and mands, carried out in the context of the caretaker-based intervention program reported in the first component. The viability of such subsequent studies shows that a well-designed environment to deliver behavior-analytic services is also adequate to the development of basic research on procedural variables implied in the acquisition of specific repertoires.