Navegando por Assunto "Comportamento animal"

Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 57

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Adaptação do comportamento animal e mundos emergentes
(2001) DUBOIS, Michel Jean; LE PENDU, Yvonnick; GERARD, Jean François; SAMPAIO, Elineuza
We discuss the implications of the concept of adaptation, which is a key notion for the classical theory of evolution. Instead of persisting to consider the organisms as a collection of adapted traits, we propose to study evolution by means of a theoretical frame based on another ontology considering the organisms and the circumstances as totally integrated. The necessary preliminary stage for this reconsideration consists in passing from a prescriptive logic to a proscriptive logic, i.e., from the idea that everything that is not allowed is forbidden, to the idea that what is not forbidden is allowed. The consideration that the living systems specify the world in which they live can modify our way to face adaptive processes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aptidão reprodutiva e acasalamentos em condições artificiais na abelha sem ferrão Melipona flavolineata Friese (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponini)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015) VEIGA, Jamille Costa; MENEZES, Cristiano; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9845970576214577; CONTRERA, Felipe Andrés León; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3815182976544230
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aquisição de relações condicionais simétricas e não simétricas e formação de classes por Cebus apella
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) SOARES FILHO, Paulo Sérgio Dillon; BARROS, Romariz da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7231331062174024
Difficulty in documenting class formation in non-human participants may be due to the use of standard training and testing procedures developed in the context of research with human participants. Differences among testing and training situation may produce a decrease in performance during test. Using capuchin monkeys (Cebus spp.) as subject, this study intended to compare acquisition curve of a symmetrical with non-symmetrical conditional relation tasks, with different baselines for each conditional relation trained. This comparative analysis may provide us with some evidence of class formation without the need of the stimulus equivalence standard test protocols. Two male capuchin monkeys (Cebus spp.) participated: a young-adult (M09) and an adult (M12), both with history of simple and conditional discrimination training. Six pairs of bi-dimensional stimuli were used (A1-B1, A2-B2, A3-B3, A4-B4, A5-B5, and A6-B6). The procedure comprised three phases. In Phase 1, a “preparatory” 0-delay arbitrary matching to sample training was carried out (A1-B1 and A2-B2). In Phase 2, a "consistent" or “symmetrical” arbitrary matching to sample training was carried out (A3-B3, A4-B4, B3-A3, and B4-A4). In Phase 3, a "inconsistent" or “non-symmetrical” arbitrary matching to sample training was carried out (A5-B5, A6-B6, B5-A6, and B6-A5). Subject M12 finished all phases of the experiment. The comparative analysis between symmetrical and non-symmetrical acquisition curves (subject M12) shows easier acquisition of symmetrical task than non-symmetrical relations, suggesting that the arbitrary related events are members of class. This data suggest that the comparison between acquisition curves, such as it is described here, is a promising way to evaluate class formation in non-human participants. Subject M09 was removed from experiment because his performance did not reach the criterion in phase 3.1. M09 results pointed the need of a refined control relations analysis during the MTS task, making possible to improve the training procedure.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação neurocomportamental da exposição crônica ao Mercúrio inorgânico na memória social e memória emocional de ratos wistar machos adultos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-02-20) FERNANDES, Rafael Monteiro; SILVA, Márcia Cristina Freitas da; LIMA, Rafael Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3512648574555468
Inorganic mercury is easily absorbed by ingestion or cutaneous. However, a relatively small amount of Hg2 + crosses the blood brain barrier or biological membranes, and in adult rats, the retrograde axonal transport only way to Hg2+ uptake by neurons, presenting great potential neurotoxic. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of chronic exposure to mercury chloride in social and emotional memory in adult rats. For this we used male Wistar rats (n= 40) with 5 months of age , divided into two groups , one of which was exposed to mercury chloride (HgCl2) by intragastric gavage (0,375mg / kg) for 45 days. The other group, called the control group (n=20) received distilled water by gavage. The following behavioral tests were used: the open field test, social recognition test for the evaluation of social memory; the elevate T maze test (LTE) was used to assess learning in the state of avoidance and short and long - term memories. After completion of the tests, the animals were sacrificed to evaluate the level of total mercury in the hippocampus by an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results showed that animals subjected to exposure to mercury chloride did not show deficits in exploration activity. The data from social recognition test, showed that there was no change in social memory. In LTE test, the group exposed to HgCl2 required a greater number of exposures for the acquisition of avoidance criteria (p<0.05) and a higher latency in the open apparatus arm (p<0.05). After 24 hours, it was found that treated animals spent less time in the closed arms than in the control group, suggesting the long-term memory deficits. By just watching the HgCl2 group, noticed an improvement in the retest, indicating preservation in the short-term memory. The data of atomic absorption spectrometry showed greater deposition of mercury in the hippocampus of affected animals, as compared to control animals.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O boto na verbalização de estudantes ribeirinhos: uma visão etnobiológica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) RODRIGUES, Angélica Lúcia Figueiredo; SILVA, Maria Luisa da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2101884291102108
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização morfológica de astrócitos da formação hipocampal de maçaricos da espécie calidris pusilla durante a migração e em período de invernada
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-04-12) PAULO, Dario Carvalho; DINIZ, Cristovam Guerreiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1025250990755299; DINIZ, Cristovam Wanderley Picanço; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2014918752636286
The semipalmated sandpiper Calidris pusilla (C. pusilla) is a long-distance migrant shorebird that leaves every year, its breeding habitats in the southern tundra in Canada and Alaska, escaping from winter, towards the coastal line in South America. Before they cross the Atlantic Ocean, they stopover Bay of Fundy on the Atlantic coast of North America, where they increase triglycerides in adipose tissue, to attend the vigorous energetic demands of the 5,300-kilometer non-stop flight over the ocean. Because bioenergetic and redox activity of astrocytes would be under intense demand to sustain neuronal activity and survival during long-distance transatlantic migration, we hypothesize that astrocytes morphological changes may become readily visible in the wintering birds. To test this hypothesis, GFAP immunolabeled astrocytes were selected from sections of the hippocampal formation, an area that has been proposed to play a central role in the integration of multisensory spatial information for navigation. We quantified and compared hippocampal three-dimensional morphological features of astrocytes of adult migrating, captured on the Bay of Fundy, Canada, with hippocampal astrocytes from birds captured in the coastal region of Bragança, Brazil, during the wintering period. To select astrocytes for microscopic 3D reconstructions we used a random and systematic unbiased sampling approach. Using hierarchical cluster and discriminant analysis of 3D morphometric features to classify astrocytes, we found two morphological phenotypes (designated types I and II) both in migrating and wintering individuals. Although in remarkable different extent, the morphological complexities of both types of astrocytes were reduced after long-distance non-stop flight. Indeed, birds captured in the coastal region of Bragança, Brazil, during the wintering period, showed less complex astrocytic morphology than individuals captured in the Bay of Fundy, Canada, during fall migration. Because the reduction in complexity was much more intense in type I than in type II astrocytes, we suggest that these distinct morphological phenotypes may be associated with different physiological roles during migration. Indeed, as compared to type I, most type II astrocytes did not change significantly their morphology after the long-distance flight and many of them (72.5%) revealed unequivocally connection with blood vessels, whereas type I revealed only 27.5%.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Cebus cf. apella exhibits rapid acquisition of complex stimulus relations and emergent performance by exclusion
(2010-12) BRINO, Ana Leda de Faria; ASSUMPÇÃO, Ana Paula Bemerguy; CAMPOS, Rodolfo da Silva; GALVÃO, Olavo de Faria; MCILVANE, William J.
A "second generation" matching-to-sample procedure that minimizes past sources of artifacts involves (1) successive discrimination between sample stimuli, (2) stimulus displays ranging from four to 16 comparisons, (3) variable stimulus locations to avoid unwanted stimulus-location control, and (4) high accuracy levels (e.g., 90% correct on a 16-choice task in which chance accuracy is 6%). Examples of behavioral engineering with experienced capuchin monkeys included four-choice matching problems with video images of monkeys with substantially above-chance matching in a single session and 90% matching within six sessions. Exclusion performance was demonstrated by interspersing non-identical sample-comparison pairs within a baseline of a nine-comparison identity-matching-to-sample procedure with pictures as stimuli. The test for exclusion presented the newly "mapped" stimulus in a situation in which exclusion was not possible. Degradation of matching between physically non-identical forms occurred while baseline identity accuracy was sustained at high levels, thus confirming that Cebus cf. apella is capable of exclusion. Additionally, exclusion performance when baseline matching relations involved non-identical stimuli was shown.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Cognição animal: identidade generalizada e simetria em macaco-prego (Cebus apella)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003-02-14) SANTOS, José Ricardo dos; BARROS, Romariz da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7231331062174024
Complex behavioral repertories, such as generalized identity matching and equivalence classes, have been easily found in normal humans, children, and youngsters with learning deficits. However, it is not easy to find such a positive results with non-human subjects. Symmetry is one of the most difficultly found defining properties of equivalence in nonhumans. It might happen because symmetry involves sample-comparison function reversals as well as modification in the sequence and position of stimuli presentation. The negative results in obtaining generalized identity matching and equivalence class formation in non-humans subjects may be related to incoherence between the SCT (Stimulus Control Topography) planned by the experimenter and the SCT presented by the subjects. So it suggests the necessity of a more specific methodological development. The present study proposed to apply the training and testing experimental procedures to obtain generalized identity matching and to verify the possibility of emergence of symmetry after arbitrary matching to sample training, through sample stimulus control shaping procedure and in the absence of correlation between the function and the positions of the stimuli. One capuchin monkey (Cebus apella) served as subject. He was young-adult and naive. Two experiments were executed. In the Experiment I, we carried out simple discrimination reversals training, conditional discrimination training, with an identity matching to sample procedure, and generalized identity test in extinction. The results showed that the procedure used to train simple discrimination (and reversals) was efficient as well as the procedure to train identity matching. All generalized identity tests reached positive results. In the Experiment II, we carried out arbitrary matching to sample training, with a sample stimulus shaping procedure in 8 steps, and one BA symmetry test. This study aimed to verify if elements positively related in conditional discriminations (AB training, for example) might be recombined by the subject without additional training. The performance of the subject in the BA symmetry test reached 100% of correct choices, showing that it is possible to obtain the property of symmetry in arbitrary conditional discriminations with non-humans subjects. The data also suggest that additional research has to be carried out in order to contribute to specifying the necessary conditions to obtaining complex repertory such as equivalence class formation in non-human subjects.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comparação de dois procedimentos computadorizados para avaliação de discriminação de cores em Cebus sp
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-11) MAKIAMA, Sheila Tetsume; GOULART, Paulo Roney Kilpp; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7800966999068746; GALVÃO, Olavo de Faria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7483948147827075
Color vision consists in discrimination of objects based on their spectral composition, assisting in the organism-environment interaction. Among primates, it is estimated that the majority of the platyrrhines monkeys has a polymorphic and sex-linked dichromacy. The objective of this study was to compare the results produced by different equipments and softwares for assessment of tri/dichromatic conditions of two males and two females of the genus Cebus sp. Two computerized programs were used: one involving an adapted version of the Cambridge Colour Test and another one developed for a standard computational system. In Experiment 1 and 2 were possible to verify the trichromatic condition of one female subject and the dichromatic condition of the rest of the participants. In Experiment 3, a female and a male subject presented a dichromatic performance compatible to that one registered in previous experiments. In this Experiment, a female participant presented a trichromatic performance compatible to that one registered in previous experiments. It was concluded that favorable conditions for assessment of color vision in platyrrhines species can be built involving equipment and software with low financial cost and easy to program. However, due the few number of sessions with the low financial cost equipment, it is suggested the replication of the Experiment 3 and more sessions should be made with more subjects and involving new stimuli arrangement. It is believed that, if new data confirm the data produced here, this equipment and procedure can be used for evaluation of others platyrrhines species where behavioral data are scarce.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comparative neurophysiology of spatial luminance contrast sensitivity
(2011-06) SOUZA, Givago da Silva; GOMES, Bruno Duarte; SILVEIRA, Luiz Carlos de Lima
The luminance contrast sensitivity function has been investigated using behavioral and electrophysiological methods in many vertebrate species. Some features are conserved across species as a shape of the function, but other features, such as the contrast sensitivity peak value, spatial frequency contrast sensitivity peak, and visual acuity have changed. Here, we review contrast sensitivity across different classes of vertebrates, with an emphasis on the frequency contrast sensitivity peak and visual acuity. We also correlate the data obtained from the literature to test the power of the association between visual acuity and the spatial frequency of the contrast sensitivity function peak.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comportamento alimentar do Cuxiú-Preto (Chiroptes Satanas) na área de influência do Reservatório da Usina Hidrelétrica de Tucuruí-Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003-03-21) SILVA, Suleima do Socorro Bastos da; FERRARI, Stephen Francis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3447608036151352
Constructed in 1985, the Tucuruí hydroelectric power station created a 2430 lun2 lake (3°43'-5°15’S, 49°12'-50°00'W), and restricted populations of the southem bearded saki (Chiropotes satanas), an endangered primate, to a series of islands and other habitat fragments. This study took place at two sites on the lake's right bank, one in continuous forest (T4) and the other on a small island of 16.3 hectares (Su), with groups of 34 and seven sakis, respectively. The principal objective was an evaluation of the influence of habitat fragmentation on the sakis' foraging behaviour. Basic data were collected in one-minute scan samples with a five-minute interval, whereas foraging behaviour was recorded in greater detail in focal-tree samples, and behavioural sampling. Basic behavioural categories were locomotion, rest, forage, feed, and social interaction, with a number of subcategories. Between July and December 2002, 3503 scan records were obtained for group T4, and 835 for group Su. 'The activity budget of T4 was 55.8% locomotion, 21.7% feed, 16.1% rest, 3.6% forage, and 2.8% social interactions. Feeding was recorded at a similar proportion (22.4%) for Su, although this group spent significantly less time in locomotion (45.9%), and more at rest (27.0%). A major difference was also found in the number of plant species exploited for the dietary resources, 40 for T4 (Arecaceae being the most important family) but only 22 for Su (Lecythidaceae), although no significant difference was found in the diversity of their diets. The composition of their diets was significantly different, however, the major item for T4 was immature seeds (the mesocarp of palm fruits was also important), whereas the consumption of flowers — practically all from the species Alexa grandiflora (Leguminosae) — was very frequent in Su. The differences between groups seem to be at least partly related to that in their home ranges, which was 68.9 hectares for T4 and only 16.3 ha (the whole island) for Su. Aspects of the behaviour of group Su members, such as increased rest and feeding on flowers, may reflect the effects of habitat fragmentation on their ecology, with negative implications for the group's long term survival. It is hoped that these results will make a significant contribution to the development of effective conservation strategies at this endangered primata as well in the fragmented landscape of eastern Amazonia.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comportamento alimentar e dispersão de sementes por guaribas (Alouatta belzebul) na Estação Científica Ferreira Penna (Caxiuanã / Melgaço / Pará)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1999-04-13) SOUZA, Luciane Lopes de; FERRARI, Stephen Francis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3447608036151352
The behaviour of two free-ranging groups of red-handed howler monkeys (Alouatta belzebul) was monitored at the Ferreira Penna Research Station (Pará) over' a thirteen-month period in 1997/98, in order to record their ecological characteristics, especially their diet and seed dispersal. Quantitative behavioural data were obtained using instantaneous scan sampling. Invariably, the howler monkeys were relatively inactive, dedicating more than half their activity time to resting, and much smaller proportions to locomotion, feeding and social behaviour. Use of the home range was strongly influenced by the distribution of food patches, in particular fruiting trees. The diet was basically folivorous-frugivorous, although fruit was the item consumed most frequently (54.1 % of feeding records for the principal group, denominated "L") in the "winter" months (November-April), whereas leaves were consumed far more frequently (84.5 %, group L) in the "summer" (May-August). Seeds took 22:49±6:12 h, on average, to pass through the digestive tract, and ingested seeds were dispersed a mean distance of 172,0±113,8 m, although this distance was significantly greater in the winter. Germination rates recorded in tests in both field and laboratory were inconclusive on the effects of ingestion on viability. The germination rate of ingested seeds was significantly greater than the control (uningested) in only a few cases, such as that of Ficus guianensis, the principal source of fruit. Even so, ingestion did not have a marked negative effect on viability in any case. Overall, the present study reforces the view of A. belzebul as a typical howler monkey, ecologically, albeit relatively frugivorous, and playing a important role as a seed disperser in the Amazon Forest.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comportamento do papagaio-do-mangue Amazona amazonica: gregarismo, ciclos nictemerais e comunicação sonora
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007) MOURA, Leiliany Negrão de; SILVA, Maria Luisa da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2101884291102108
In this study we carried through the Orange-winged-parrot Amazona amazonica census in a roosting site, the Parrots Island, located next to Belém, Pará. With the countings we verify that the total number of parrots, the number of isolated individuals, couples, groups of three, four and five individuals presented a fluctuation, indicating reproductive seasonality, that influences in the number of individuals with the reduction of its participation in the groups that sleep in the island during its reproductive period, since the species supplies parental cares to the offsprings. In relation to the nychtemeral cycle, we evaluate the influence of abiotic factors in the schedules of displacements of the individuals of this population in the roosting site. We establish a form to register the frequency of its arrival or exit from minute to minute and relate the data gotten with the sunset and sunrise schedules. We verify that the percentage average of individuals that arrives and leaves is significantly greater after sunset and before sunrise, respectively, and that adverse weathers conditions influence significantly in the daily movement of the parrots, masking the real positioning of the Sun, advancing or delaying its arrival and exit of the roosting site. Although the Orange-winged-parrot is a diurnal avian, they dislocate in schedules of low luminosity, being the photoperiodism a entrainment agent of its activities. About its acoustic communication, it presents 9 vocalizations in the vocal repertoire during the reproductive period, related to three different behavior categories. Moreover, it exists an individual difference in its flight contact call and populational dialects between the studied populations.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comportamento e dieta de Chiropotes albinasus (I. Geoffroy & Deville, 1848) - cuxiú-de-nariz-vermelho
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013) SILVA, Rafaela Fátima Soares da; PERES, Carlos Augusto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9267735737569372; VEIGA, Liza Maria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4423233175920315
The red-nosed cuxiú, Chiropotes albinasus, is a poorly understood neotropical primate that is listed at ‘Threatened with Extinction’ by the IUCN. The current study was conducted on a group of C. albinasus at RPPN Cristalino, MT, Brazil. Activity budget, use of space and feeding ecology were studied using Simultaneous Scan methods. The study group was monitored for six months (two months in the rainy season, four in the dry season). The behavioural categories Moving, Feeing and Paused accounted for 81.17% of the activity records. Most activity was recorded in the middle strata of the forest (between 16 and 20m). Diet was principally frugivorous (82.52%), but invertebrates were also eaten. Representatives from some 18 plant families were consumed. Arrabidaea spp. and Brosimum latescens were the taxa most commonly consumed. During the dry season there was an increase in the consumption of such nonfruit items as invertebrates and flowers. Group size varied between 1 and 19 throughout the study. The sex-ration of groups also varied greatly. Parental care was observed by male C. albinasus, as well as interspeciic agonistic interactions between the cuxius and Ateles marginatus and between Sapajus apella.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comportamento, ritmo de atividade e arquitetura das galerias de Uca maracoani (Latreille, 1802) e Minuca rapax (Smith, 1870)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-11-22) BELÚCIO, Lucinice Ferreira; GOUVEIA JUNIOR, Amauri; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1417327467050274
This study aimed to elaborate the behavioral budget and to obtain the level of annual activity on the surface as well as the shape of the galleries of Uca maracoani and Minuca rapax, which coexist in the intertidal region of the Curuperé mangrove, Curuçá, Pará, During four sequential lunar periods, from October to December of 2013, the behavior of the species was shot to obtain the budget. The annual activity of the species was evaluated by shooting the number of active animals and galleries at four sites along the river. To evaluate the shape and distribution of the galleries paraffin casts were obtained in two stations with mud sediment and sand-muddy. In the ethogram of the species, ninety-five behaviors were recorded, grouped into the categories: Feeding, Reproductive, Walking and Running, Acoustics and Sysmics, Territorial, Agonistic, Maintenance and Grooming. The following categories were important to differentiate the energy budget of the species: Feeding, Territorial, Acoustics, Reproductive. Considering the difference of niches of males and females of the same species, the following behaviors are noteworthy: Feeding, Walking and Running, Territorial, Maintenance, Acoustics and Sysmics, Reproductive, Grooming. A great amount of rainfall (February) and low humidity (October) decreased animals activity at the surface, while the climate in June allowed a higher activity of these animals at the surface. Despite some similarities in the architecture of the galleries of the two species, the differences in volume and depth suggest that they present individual scales that are very different from influences in the bioturbation process. However, this process can be counterbalanced by the population density of each species and its activity rate.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desempenho do Guppy (Poecilia reticulata) em modelos de ansiedade: campo aberto, preferência claro-escuro e labirinto em cruz com rampa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-09-23) MONTEIRO, André Luiz Viard Walsh; GOUVEIA JUNIOR, Amauri; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1417327467050274
The use of animal models in experimental research in the last decades has shown to be more diversified than the classical model through the use of rodent or primate. This is mainly by advances in molecular, morphological and functional studies that revealed a big homology between the vertebrates. On this perspective, the Zebrafish (Danio rerio) has shown to be the non-mammal animal with biggest ascension as a study model in biological sciences in the latest decades. However, other species of fish also show to be promising as alternatives of use as animal model. This study used Guppy (Poecilia reticulata) as model for the research in behavior through different experimental approaches. In study I, guppies were exposed and re-exposed in different shifts (morning, afternoon, evening and night) in the open field test and light-dark preference. The found results show that in both tests, male and female present behavioral differences, being sensitive to re-exposure, with capacity of learning e controlling of the circadian cycle. In study II, was developed a plus-maze with ramp where it was verified the sensibility of the specie to the apparatus, the profile of response upon re-exposure and the drug effect. The results revealed sensibility to the apparatus with a height of water column at 8 cm and 5 minutes of session and differences between sex and learning by habituation along the re-expositions. The pharmacological study indicates that in this apparatus, the specie is sensitive to anxiolytic and anxiogenic drugs. Finally, we can conclude that Guppy presents similar behavior and drug responses compatible with the data described to the Zebrafish. These similarities reinforce the use of fishes as an alternative to the use of mammals in animal experimentation.
Desconhecido
Discrimination of complex visual stimuli in Cebus apella: identity matching with pictures
(2009-06) GALVÃO, Olavo de Faria; SOARES FILHO, Paulo Sérgio Dillon; NEVES FILHO, Hernando Borges; NAGAHAMA, Milena Monteiro
Do capuchin monkeys respond to photos as icons? Do they discriminate photos of capuchin monkeys' faces? Looking for answers to these questions we trained three capuchin monkeys in simple and conditional discrimination tasks and tested the discriminations when comparison stimuli were partially covered. Three capuchin monkeys experienced in simultaneous simple discrimination and IDMTS were trained with repeated shifts of simple discriminations (RSSD), with four simultaneous choices, and IDMTS (1 s delay, 4 choices) with pictures of known capuchins monkeys' faces. All monkeys did discriminate the pictures in both procedures. Performances in probes with partial masks with one fourth of the stimulus hidden were consistent with baseline level. Errors occurred when a picture similar to the correct one was available among the comparison stimuli, when the covered part was the most distinct, or when pictures displayed the same monkey. Capuchin monkeys do match pictures of capuchin monkeys' faces to the sample. The monkeys treated different pictures of the same monkey as equivalent, suggesting that they respond to the pictures as icons, although this was not true to pictures of other monkeys. Subsequent studies may bring more evidence that capuchin monkeys treat pictures as depictions of real scenes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Distúrbios comportamentais em ruminantes não associados a doenças: origem, significado e importância
(2011-09) MALAFAIA, Pedro Antônio Muniz; BARBOSA NETO, José Diomedes; TOKARNIA, Carlos Maria Antônio Hubinger; OLIVEIRA, Carlos Magno Chaves
O estudo científico do comportamento animal frente às distintas modificações do ambiente (inanimado ou não) onde os mesmos estão sendo criados constitui o principal objetivo da etologia. Por outro lado, muitas doenças que acometem os ruminantes também cursam produzindo diversas alterações no comportamento desses animais; portanto, os profissionais que trabalham com ruminantes precisam reconhecer o que vem a ser um comportamento anormal, decorrente do empobrecimento ambiental associado ou não a erros alimentares e que resulta em prejuízos ao bem-estar dos animais (p.ex. confinamentos com superlotação, falta de sombra nas pastagens, volumosos finamente moídos) daqueles oriundos de doenças ou estados carenciais, como por exemplo, a depravação do apetite causada pelas deficiências de sódio, cobalto e de fibra fisicamente efetiva. O propósito dessa revisão é discutir sobre os principais desvios comportamentais verificados nos ruminantes domésticos criados em sistemas intensivos ou não no Brasil.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Does body size of neotropical ant species influence their recruitment speed?
(2013-03) GODOY, Bruno Spacek; CAMARGOS, Lucas Marques de
Ants are one of the most important animal groups in tropical forests because of its abundance and number of species. An important characteristic of the group is the eusociality, which allows the occurrence of a recruitment behavior when food resource is found. However, there are two main questions regarding this behavior: (i) the recruitment is a product of environmental or phylogenetic pressures, and (ii) the recruitment speed is related to the body size of the ant species. In this work we addressed these two questions using 17 species of neotropical ants, in the Amazonic lowland dense rain forest. According to results, recruitment behavior is related to ant size, where smaller species exhibit this trait when finding a protein resource. However, species size is not important in recruitment speed, which suggests that speed can be best explained by the type of food resources needed in the ant colony.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ecologia comportamental de Alouatta belzebul (Linnaeus, 1766) na Amazônia Oriental sob alteração antrópica de hábitat
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-03-14) CAMARGO, Carolina Cigerza de; FERRARI, Stephen Francis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3447608036151352
The behavioural ecology of two groups of red-handed howler monkeys (Alouatta belzbul) was monitored ou Gennoplasma island (Tucuruí, in the Brazilian state of Pará), between April and September 2004. The two study groups were of similar size and composition, but inhabited different forest types: native forest (group P) and a plantation of native tree species (group Q). Quantitative behavioural data were collected in three-minute scan samples conducted at ten-minute intervals. "AH events" sampling was used to record rare activities such as social and interspecific interactions. Resting was the predominant activity in both groups (P: 67.3%; Q: 61.9%), followed by feeding (P: 15.7%; Q: 21.4%), and locomotion (P: 15.8%; Q: 15.5%). The proportions of the first two categories were significantly different. The diet of both groups was folivorous-frugivorous, supplemented mainly by flowers. No significant seasonal variation was recorded in the diet of either group. The groups occupied home ranges of similar size (P: 5.25 ha; Q: 5.50 ha), although group P travelled 612 m ou average per day, as against 541 m for group Q. Both groups used preferentially their "original" habitat (group P: native forest; group Q: plantation), and the uppermost forest strata. Interspecific interactions were pacific, and social interactions were rare. The results of the present study present greater similarities with those of A. belzebul studies carried out in fragments of Atlantic Forest than at other Amazonian sites (continuous forest). This suggests that habitat disturbance may be a more important determinant of behaviour patterns than the characteristics of the biome. Overall, the results of the present study conicide with the typical Alouatta patterns of behaviour described in the literature.