Navegando por Assunto "Comportamento controlado por regras"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Controle por regras: efeitos de perguntas, propriedades formais de regras e esquemas de reforço
(2015-09) GONÇALVES, Adelina Santana; ALBUQUERQUE, Luiz Carlos de; PARACAMPO, Carla Cristina Paiva
Aiming the investigation of the effects of some variables on rule following, 24 college students were submitted to a matching-to-sample procedure, with the task of pointing to the comparison stimuli in sequence. In Phase 1 the correct sequence was established by differential reinforcement in continuous reinforcement schedule. In Phases 2 and 3 the reinforcement contingencies were kept unchanged, and meanwhile rules (suggestion and mand) discrepant of the contingencies were manipulated. In Conditions 1 and 2, Phases 2 and 3 suggestion and mand were presented in this sequence. In Conditions 3 and 4 the presentation order was reversed. Questions concerning why the behavior was reinforced were presented only in Phase 1 of Conditions 1 and 3. Hundred percent participants did not follow the suggestion, 60% did not follow the mand. Results indicate that the history of alternative behavior to the specified by the rule, justifications, and questions may interfere with the discrepant-to-the-contingencies rule-following, and implications for the comprehension of the functions of the reinforcement contingencies and rules in the explanation of behavior.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos de histórias experimentais e de justificativas sociais sobre o comportamento de seguir regras
(2015-09) SOUSA, Lorena de Medeiros; PARACAMPO, Carla Cristina Paiva; ALBUQUERQUE, Luiz Carlos de
The effect of justifications on rule-following behavior after a history of reinforcement for not following rules was evaluated. Ten children were submitted to a matching to sample procedure such as the task was to touch one of two comparison stimuli in the presence of a contextual stimulus. In Conditions 1 and 2, the Phases 1, 2, and 4 begun with the presentation of an instruction that was discrepant to the contingencies; following the rule lead to the loss of tokens. In Phase 3 it was presented an instruction corresponding to the contingencies, with a justification for following the instruction that lead to the loss of tokens. The difference of Conditions 1 and 2 was only regarding to the justification presented in Phase 3. The justification presented in Condition 1 was "to help poor children" and in Condition 2 a justification regarding experimenter's approval. The behavior of 9 out of 10 participants was under control of the experimental history of reinforcement for not following instructions and of the immediate consequences produced by the behavior of not following instructions; the behavior of one participant was under control of the justification for following the corresponding instruction.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos de regras com diferentes extensões sobre o comportamento humano
(2001) ALBUQUERQUE, Luiz Carlos de; FERREIRA, Karina Vasconcelos Darwich
In order to verify whether rule size affects rule following, 16 college students were exposed to a matching-to-sample procedure. Depending upon the sample three comparisons should be pointed in a different sequence. Correct sequencing was reinforced. Each condition had three sessions with 30 trials each, and started with one of three rules. Under Condition I, minimal instructions were given; under Condition II, rules R1, R2, and R1 were used, in this sequence; under Condition III, rules R2, R1, and R2 were used, in this sequence; and under Condition IV, rules R3, R1, and R3 were used, in this sequence. R3 was longer than R2, and R2 was longer than R1. Results showed that Rules 1 and 2 were always followed. Rule 3 was followed only in the third session, Condition IV. It is suggested that the size and complexity of a rule does affect rule following behavior.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos de regras sobre comportamentos de cuidados com os pés em pessoas com diabetes
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-11-18) NAJJAR, Enise Cássia Abdo; FERREIRA, Eleonora Arnaud Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6600933695027723; ALBUQUERQUE, Luiz Carlos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5261537967195189
The amputation of lower limbs is one of the Diabetes Mellitus (DM) complications caused by diabetes foot. Simple preventive measures focused on foot care behavior care are significant help in prevention against diabetes foot. Due to the high severity and prevalence of diabetes foot, several studies have been made aiming to identify variables which contribute to improve adhesion to preventive measures concerning foot care of diabetes patients. However, it has not yet become clear which factors contribute to establish and maintain foot care behavior. The proposal of this study was to identify variables which contribute to establish and maintain foot care behavior, thus contributing to avoid diabetes feet in people with diabetes. The thesis is divided into three studies: the first one, transversal descriptive, was characterized as a baseline for the other two, which were experimental. The research was developed in a basic health unit in the city of Belém, Pará Brazil. The first study investigated: the rules (orientations) related to foot care presented to patients with diabetes by health professionals of the Hiperdia; the behavioral repertoire of 54 participants with diabetes on foot care; the state of feet health care of participants with diabetes. The second study investigated the effect of rules in the establishment and maintenance of foot care behavior in people with diabetes, manipulating, or not, the presentation of questions on foot care; and, if the patient were receiving foot examinations. The third one investigated, on 16 patients, the effects of rules in the establishment and maintenance of foot care behavior of people with diabetes, when: (a) reports that rule following of foot care produced social reinforcement; (b) the patients were presented with rules which explained why foot care rules should be followed; (c) they were presented rules that specified justifications on why foot care rules should be followed, and the report on following foot care rules produced a social reinforcement; (d) report on foot care rule following did not produce social reinforcement and the rules presented did not have the justifications for foot care. Results from Study 1 indicated that the presentation of instructions on foot care by health professionals is insufficient, the behavioral repertoire of foot care is precarious, and there is possibility of risks in developing diabetes foot among the patients. In general, the manipulations carried out on both Study 2 and 3 favored an increase of new behavior on foot care in the participants’ behavioral repertoire. These data suggest that foot care rule following depends on: (a) contact with aversive consequences caused by following or not of rules; (b) the presentation of questions which favor behavior self-destruction; (c) the presentation of social reinforcement; (d) the presentation of justifications to the emission of behavior; (e) combined presentation of justifications for the emission of behavior and the consequences for the behavior emitted; (f) exposition to a greater number of favorable conditions to rule following; (g) pre-experimental historic of rule following; and, (h) monitoring of rule following behavior by health professional.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos de regras sobre relatos de comportamentos de cuidados com os pés em pessoas com diabetes
(2014) NAJJAR, Enise Cássia Abdo; ALBUQUERQUE, Luiz Carlos de; FERREIRA, Eleonora Arnaud Pereira; PARACAMPO, Carla Cristina Paiva
Aiming to establish reports on foot care, baseline reports of diabetic adults were registered before experimental manipulations. In Experiment 1, Condition 1, questions were made to 6 participants and their feet were examined. In Condition 2, no questions were made and an exam was performed. In Condition 3, no questions were made and no exam was performed. In Experiment 2, all 16 participants were exposed to rules on how to take care of their feet. In Condition 1, reports were reinforced; in Condition 2 reasons for following the rules were presented; in Condition 3 there were reinforcement and reasons; and in Condition 4, neither reinforcement for reports nor reasons were presented. In all conditions of Experiment 2, the number of reports increased. The effects of the variables involved in rule-governed behavior are discussed.