Navegando por Assunto "Compressive strength"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo de aproveitamento do resíduo do beneficiamento de caulim como matéria prima na produção de pozolanas para cimentos compostos e pozolânicos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2004-01-16) LIMA, Jefferson Maia; CARNEIRO, Arnaldo Manoel Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9191655335324358
The use of residue in civil construction can to become a activity of extreme important and more frequent, mainly due to amount available with potential of recycling, possible reduction of environments impacts. The kaolin industries produces two type of residue. The residue contain clay mineral kaulinite show potentially of is to employ by pozzolanas at the construction civil industry. This research evaluates the technical viability to production of pozzolanas from mixtures in various percentagens of kaulinitic residue with limestone, wanting increase the reactivity. The contents of replacement of cement for pozzolanas is of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% e 60% was studied. The cement employed was CP I S 32 and the pozolanas was made in the laboratory. The following tests in the experiment cements were carried out: specific gravity, specific surface area, water of normal consistency, setting time and compressive strength. Also, were carried out mineralogical tests in the pozolanas. The incorporation of pozzolanas allowed to mortar obtain compressive strengths more than it reference even though in high contents. Due to the pozzolanas show a considerable hydraulic characteristic this it occurred. It waits of residue burned becomes a higher pozzolana to employ at the civil construction, mainly along with cement, mortars and concretes in the substitution of burning clays from natural deposits despite necessity of adding tests for confirmation and complementation of effects was observed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo de ligante geopolimérico obtido a partir de metacaulim e escória granulada de alto forno
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-12-06) MORAES, Mario Henrique Moreira de; SILVA, Alisson Clay Rios da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7389345867032737; PICANÇO, Marcelo de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4535052395600357
The need for alternative materials to replace Portland cement is a contemporary discussion. Those new and alternative materials must have a sustainable character and good durability to supply the demand of the civil construction sector and mitigate the environmental crises caused by the industry, such as the high emission rate of CO2. In this context, geopolymeric binders appear as materials produced by different solid precursors in contact with an alkaline activator, with zero CO2 emission and mechanical properties and durability compatible or superior to that of Portland cement. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the geopolymeric binder obtained from the combination of metakaolin (MK) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) with three different molar concentrations of sodium hydroxide (8, 10, and 12 M) for the alkaline activator. Dosages were established from the partial mass substitution of MK by GGBFS, coded as G0 (100% MK 0% EAF), G20 (80% MK 20% EAF), and G40 (60% MK 40% EAF). XRD, XRF, and SEM analyses were conducted for solid precursors. Geopolymer pastes properties were evaluated in the fresh state regarding setting time and in the hardened state based on physical tests, average compressive strength, and fracture morphology. Results showed that the MK and the GGBFS have adequate reactivity and chemical composition for the geopolymer synthesis, with the presence of calcium in the GGBFS actively contributing to the reduction of the setting time and gain of mechanical resistance of the dosages. As for the hardened state, higher levels of water absorption are intrinsically related to a decrease in mechanical strength, with fracture analysis revealing the presence of pores and micropores that favor the propagation of cracks. Statistical analysis found that the interaction between the analyzed factors significantly influenced the properties of the materials, with 85.35% (R2 = 0.8535) of the model being able to explain the variation in compressive strength of geopolymers as a function of the factors used in the regression, limited to the chosen range of variables. The G40M12 formulation showed the highest compressive strength value (38.08 MPa) and the ideal synthesis parameters defined were the rotational frequency at 150 RPM, a partial replacement of MK by GGBFS of 40%, and the NaOH concentration of 12 M. Finally, from the correlation of the evaluated characteristics, the developed geopolymeric binders showed technological potential as alternative and sustainable materials, with properties comparable to those of Portland cement.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Síntese e caracterização de geopolímeros, a partir de argila, caulim ferruginoso e cinzas volantes - classe c
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-08-12) PREZA, Carmen Raiza Aires Soares; SOUZA, José Antônio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6157348947425968
The high demand in the civil construction sector has caused a negative scenario for the environment. With this, researches arise with the objective of discovering sustainable alternatives to the existing technology, because, it is known that over the years, the concern with nature was significantly lost. With that in mind, the situation can be softened with some of the techniques that have been around for millennia and are still relevant. Studies on geopolymers are growing, especially in developed countries. The main application of this material, composed of minerals and industrial residues, is the replacement of Portalnd cement. Thus, this work aimed to produce geopolymers with superior physicochemical properties. The elaboration of geopolymers was directed from different concentrations of clay/flying ash and ferritic kaolin/flying ash. The raw materials were analyzed in natura and calcined at 600 ºC/2 hours and 800 ºC, using Xray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and laser particle size analysis. The results showed that the raw materials are technologically viable for the study, due to their SiO2 and Al2O3 contents, being: 63.89% and 16.65% for clay; 38.57% and 36.85% for ferritic kaolin; and 42.53% and 16.40% for fly ash, respectively. The raw materials presented fine grain sizes, being more reactive. Geopolymers A3 (80% clay/20% fly ash) and C3 (80% kaolin/20% fly ash) showed the best results for compressive strength, 13.19 MPa and 31.22 MPa, in the 28th day, respectively. The values found are within the limits found for some Portland cements.