Navegando por Assunto "Comunidade quilombolas"

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Caçar, preparar e comer o ‘bicho do mato’: práticas alimentares entre os quilombolas na Reserva Extrativista Ipaú-Anilzinho (Pará)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-12) FIGUEIREDO, Rodrigo Augusto Alves de; BARROS, Flávio Bezerra
Hunting of wild animals has played a significant role in the physical and symbolic reproduction of rural families living in various tropical regions of the planet. Indeed, many dimensions of using cynegetic resources as a source of human food have not been sufficiently studied, yet, above all from the viewpoints of Anthropology and Ethnoecology. Such dimensions are often overlooked in biodiversity conservation interventions. This article aims to analyze the use of wild animals in feeding practices among families in the quilombola community of Joana Peres, located in the Extractive Reserve Ipaú-Anilzinho, a conservation unit within the municipality of Baião, Pará, Brazilian Amazon. We conducted the study by using Ethnoecology postulates. We highlight elements having a social and cultural nature that guide the procedures for obtaining, preparing, and eating food through the cynegetic activity. We employed the methods of participant observation and semi-structured and open interviews. We interpret data both qualitatively and quantitatively. Particularly, for each of the species mentioned we seek to calculate the index of Use Value (UV), which allows to demonstrate the degree of relative importance of locally known species. The study has shown that the cynegetic activity involves both nutritional and socio-cultural aspects, since wildlife resources provide protein and the dietary practices are permeated by various processes including habits, imaginary, sociability, taboos, and preparation modes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O Caranguejo-Uçá, Ucides cordatus, (Linnaeus 1763): da captura à comercialização nas comunidades quilombolas cacau e terra amarela, Ilha de Colares, Pará-Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-07-10) CARVALHO, Rogério Lopes; QUEIROZ, Helder Lima de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3131281054700225
This study was conducted at the quilombola communities of Cacau and Terra Amarela, municipality of Colares, Pará State, Brazil. The objective was to describe and analyze the exploitation of the land crab, or mangrove crab (Ucides cordadus), in terms of some socioeconomic aspects, their techniques, strategies and areas of production adopted, and their forms of crab trade. And to compare these aspects with those from other traditional populations also dedicated to the same extractive activity. Semi-open questionnaires, direct observation in the field and trade and flowchart, were techniques applied in this research during 2013. In the communities studied, the extractive economy is predominant, and mangrove crab extraction is among the main activities. At Cacau and Terra Amarela, households have in average 4.3 and 4.9 members, respectively. Most of the families live in their own brickwork houses, built with conventional materials. Despite of this, these extractive households are poor and live in difficult conditions, with almost no access to public services. In general, the inhabitants stop attending school early in their lives, and most of them (72 to 82%) failed to complete the elementary school cycle. A low monthly household income was recorded; the majority of the households earn less than one minimum salary per month. The laço and the braceamento are the main techniques for obtaining the resource. The technique of braceamento is performed during the four days of work per week in average during the rainy months. The application of laço is performed in average during twelve days per month during the drought months. Cacau produces in average 52 (SD ± 15) crabs / work day / person and 110 (SD ± 56) crabs / work day / person in in the rainy and drought periods, respectively. In the Terra Amarela community these averages are 56 (SD ± 24) crabs / day / person and 150 (SD ± 72) crabs / day/ person. The inhabitants of these communities trade with intermediaries from the region. The crabs are sold in natura, whole and alive, transported in cofos in Cacau and bags in Terra Amarela. Are traded at prices that fluctuate throughout the year, from R$ 40.00 to R$ 80.00 each group of 100 individuals. The low pay for they work, together with low education level, deficiencies in infrastructure, low technology for production, and lack of local provision of public services are some of the aspects contributing to the low quality of life of these families in the communities. These factors also contribute for the maintenance of the engagement of local inhabitants in low value activities, such as the extraction of mangrove crabs. The conditions described for Cacau and Terra Amarela are quite similar to those observed in other traditional communities living and working in similar conditions in the coastal region of Pará State, Brazil. The extraction and trade are very similar to most of the traditional communities that exploit this resource in mangroves forests along the coast of Pará. No significant differences or peculiarities were observed in the extractive activity of these quilombola communities, in relation to other traditional populations performing this same activity in the area. However, differences were found between the two communities studied, which represent variations of this general pattern identified. Probably these differences are related to the technologies adopted, and also on the amount of crabs captured in the two locations. These impact the costs of the activity, its profitability, and the quality of life of inhabitants of Cacau and Terra Amarela.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Indígenas e quilombolas icamiabas em situação de violência: rompendo fronteiras em busca de direitos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-04-17) ALEIXO, Mariah Torres; BELTRÃO, Jane Felipe; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6647582671406048
This paper tries to understand the situations of violence that indigenous and quilombolas women have faced in their interpersonal relationships and the strategies that they use to support or resist. This dissertation has as empirical base interviews and informal conversations with six indians from four different ethnic groups in the state of Pará and five quilombolas from two quilombola communities, also from Pará. The theoretic contributions are studies on human rights and legal pluralism in the law area, and feminism, gender and diversity in the anthropology area. The protagonists faces violence involving many forms of differentiation, like gender, race/color, ethnicity, class, religion. They have a lot of confront strategies, making more or less use of state law (Maria da Penha Law) in conflict resolution.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Nosso canto é aqui! Quilombolas de Santa Maria do Traquateua frente a interesses do poder privado em Jambuaçu/Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-07-07) ALVES, Suely Rodrigues; CASTRO, Edna Maria Ramos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4702941668727146
We approach, in this study, part of the history of a rural black community called Santa Maria of Traquateua, in the municipality of Moju, State of Pará, that by incorporating ethnic factors in the struggle for land, define themselves as remaining of quilombo. Having the Earth as a nucleating category, in which they practice the common use of the natural resources, we investigate the process of this community resistance against the conflicts with private power companies, especially monoculture form of palm oil and mining companies on its territory (which started since late of 70s). This study was developed, following the critical thinking, starting from the field theory of Pierre Bourdieu and dialoguing with the concepts of traditional peoples, peasants and development. The methodology included a literature review, documentary consultation and field study followed by interviews. The analysis led us to conclude that, in spite of facing the changes and intervention of economic agents on their territory and even in front of expropriation process of their social reproduction conditions (whether territorial, socio-economical or cultural), the community rebuilds strategies to ensure their permanence in the place of ancestral occupation. Thus, in this sense, the resistance as a way of life is peasant and quilombola.