Navegando por Assunto "Comunidades Tradicionais"

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Antes a gente tinha um rio, agora a gente tem um lago: a construção do território ribeirinho às margens do reservatório do CHE Belo Monte
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-03-27) GRAÇA, Denise da Silva; SANTOS, Sônia Maria Simões Barbosa Magalhães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2136454393021407
The construction of hydroelectric power plants causes a process of deterritorialization and reterritorialization of traditional communities. This work aims to analyse the construction of the riverside territory, i.e., the ways used to reconstruct living in a destroying environment, post-installation of CHE Belo Monte. Therefore, a case study was carried out in the locality of Palhal, on the banks of the main reservoir, in the municipality of Altamira, in Pará, using participant observation and interviews. Riverside families have been through a violent process of compulsory displacement, full of human rights violations. Thus, the families were looking for ways to denounce and to recover the traditional way of life and that starts a movement which culminated in the creation of the riverside territory. The beginning of construction of the new territory has been marked, mainly, by the new attribution of meanings to the space; by the updates of traditional knowledge to appropriate the new environment; by the for the reconstruction of parentage networks and reciprocity; and by the use of moral values to regulate access to the scarce natural resources.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
“Antes tinha peixe e não tinha essas coisas, agora tem essas coisas e não tem peixe”: considerações sobre a atividade pesqueira artesanal na Vila dos Pescadores, Bragança – Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-09-30) SILVA, Adriana Batista Cecim da; ALENCAR, Edna Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7555559649274791
The present study deals with the artisanal fishing activity carried out on the north Brazilian coast, by residents of Vila dos Pescadores, located in the Marine Extractive Reserve (RESEX Mar) of Caeté-Taperaçú, in the municipality of Bragança - Pará. The research aims to characterize this activity, identifying the types of fisheries, the target species and the impacts that threaten the productive capacity of fishermen and artisanal fisherwomen. For that, I tried to identify the main factors of change and the strategies of continuity of the activity, using as methodology the literature review and the field research with ethnographic techniques from semi-structured interviews with fishermen and public sector agents; collection of secondary data through literature review and documental research, and the use of photographic records of the community's daily activities, fishing work and rituals. Lúcia Helena Cunha (2013) mentions that traditional knowledge and modernity are in a complementary relationship, where both undergo changes and are re-signified. Such resignification is also pointed out by Marshall Sahlins (1997). Thus, the results indicate that the modernization of fishing technologies and the construction of Highway PA 458 are presented as the main factors of change, stimulating overfishing and overfishing that interfere, especially in fisheries carried out in the estuary and close to the beach. This set of factors influences the decrease in harvests, harms the use of traditional fishing technologies and affects sociocultural aspects of the group, such as the practice of sharing fish in the port, called kial, carried out by fishermen when they return from fishing - this fish, before intended only for food, it is now marketed as an alternative source of income. The analyzes indicate that the impacts on artisanal fishing can influence the circularity of ecological knowledge essential to the sustainability of this activity when young people move away from fishing and other people turn to extractive practices as subsistence strategies in order to guarantee food security for families. Some of these actions allow the continuity and resignification of local traditional knowledge that guide the ways of interacting with the environment, but others can negatively affect the mangrove ecosystem and local sociocultural practices. Furthermore, the creation of the Marine RESEX did not prevent predatory fishing and overfishing, due to the weak performance of the State in the implementation of an efficient fisheries management system that delimits the areas of activity of artisanal/commercial and semi-industrial fishing (sometimes operating in an unsustainable way in areas far from the coast using fishing net "apoitada" and/or trawl nets) and are in line with the interests of fishermen and artisanal fisherwomen in the community, based on a dialogic relationship.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Os grandes projetos e suas implicações na saúde de comunidades tradicionais em Barcarena-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018) SILVA, Silvany Favacho da; NASCIMENTO, Nádia Socorro Fialho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0757907626776627; HAZEU , Marcel Theodoor; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1235685116888097
This dissertation addresses the implications of large health projects in traditional communities of Barcarena / Pa. The objective of this research was to analyze the relationship between the impacts of large companies on the health of the traditional communities of Barcarena, health conceptions and practices of traditional communities and those introduced by the modern state through health services. For that, an exploratory study was carried out, through ethnographic research, anchored to the contribution of the dialectical historical method. Thus, with the opening of the capitalist logic in the region of Barcarena, with the creation of the industrial pole, there was the unbridled exploitation of natural reserves, the appropriation of the suppression of pre-existing social and cultural relations to this logic, the suppression of the violation of rights of the traditional communities and rupture in the traditional identity of the residents, besides promoting, through the industrial activities present in the region and its environmental impacts, consequent situations of risk to the health of the populations through the contact with waters and soil inadequate for use that led to changes in the structure of local communities. Official public health has neither accompanied the quantity nor the complexity of the demand generated by the transformations in the municipality, according to the researches carried out, whereas traditional health practices have persisted and become forms of resistance, as affirmations of traditional identities and also as the coverage of public services are being made available.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Manejo Florestal Comunitário na Amazônia Brasileira: uma abordagem sobre manejo adaptativo e governança local dos recursos florestais em Reserva Extrativista
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018) LIMA, César Augusto Tenório de; SCHMINK, Marianne; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279
The forest handling developed by communities in Amazonia has practically 20 years of existence and it is still considered unviable in the way that it is conceived nowadays, and their guidelines need to be discussed. The initiatives that exist are subsidized by the public authorities, or private organizations that decide the intensity of field exploration based on legislations directed to a timber extraction business and opposite to the principles and habits of local communities. The work has as objective to analyze, in an integrated way, the adaptive management and local governance, as the approaches that can support community forest management in the Brazilian Amazon. The research was structured from the studies in the RESEX Green Forever, in Pará, seeking, through the trajectory of five communities, to set up the community forest management according to its conditions and needs, making use of the logging resources through traditional practices. The investigation has happened for seven years (2010-2016), using a method based on the observer-participant technique and diagnostic tools of participatory organizational development methodology for the qualitative and quantitative information collection, complemented by bibliographic and documentary research, as well as depth interviews. To analyze the empirical data, it was used a theoretical and methodological framework that met this search, being able to support future research, and a study about forest economical viability to decide if the management plans will get the desired success. The results showed that the RESEX are cultural forests where the family's way of life, their histories and traditions must be recognized. In this logic, the management plans were adapted to the reality of the communities and it is economically viable, as well as the local government was considered the most appropriate arrangement to make the management and use of forest goods, suggesting a system of governance between communities and State that can build a new institutionalism in protected areas. In this context, there is the appearance of the “new common”, described by protagonism and autonomy in decision making and by a network of collaboration among communities that practice extractivism, seeking in collective actions to ensure their human rights and social environmental justice. The community forest management in the Amazon needs to be urgently resignified, which implies a conceptual change that is able to corroborate with simplified laws and public policies adjusted to forest peoples.