Navegando por Assunto "Conservation"

Agora exibindo 1 - 13 de 13

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Acoustic ecology of dolphins of the genus Sotalia (Cetartiodactyla, Delphinidae) and of the newly described Araguaian boto Inia araguaiaensis (Cetartiodactyla, Iniidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-03-09) SANTOS, Gabriel Melo Alves dos; MAY-COLLADO, Laura J.; SILVA, Maria Luisa da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2101884291102108
Sensory systems are vital for animals to obtain information about their surroundings. Information can be gathered via visual, chemical, electrical, tactile and acoustic cues. These cues are used in several ecological contexts including foraging, competition, defense, social interactions (e.g. courtship behavior), and to indicate a condition, emotional or reproductive state or identity of the signal emitter. For aquatic mammals, sound is the most important mechanism of communication. Light attenuates rapidly with depth in aquatic environments limiting visual communication. In contrast, sound has low attenuation in water and it travels about five times faster in water than in air, making a very efficient way to communicate underwater. Therefore, sound is a fundamental aspect of cetacean biology, as these animals rely on acoustic signals for communication, navigation and location of prey. The genus Sotalia consist of two species that inhabit contrasting habitats. The Guiana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis) inhabits the coastal waters from Nicaragua to Southern Brazil, and the tucuxi (Sotalia fluviatilis) is confined to the main tributaries of the Amazon Basin. Meanwhile, river dolphins of the genus Inia - commonly known as botos - are found exclusively in the Amazon, Orinoco, and Tocantins River Basins. With their conservation status of both genera as data deficient there is great demand for information on their biology. As a key factor on cetacean biology acoustics can provide us with a richness of information and used as a tool to acquire data on habitat use, population numbers and behavior. However, in order to do so, first one needs to know the species vocal repertoire in detail and be able to differentiate those using acoustic methods. Thus, here we present the first distributionwide analysis of the vocal repertoire of Sotalia dolphins and diversity and geographical patterns of their whistles. In addition, we present the first description of the vocal repertoire of Inia araguaiaensis focusing on repertoire diversity and structure. The whistle repertoire of both Sotalia species is highly structured, with populations of the riverine species showing a less diverse whistle repertoire than the populations of the coastal species. The highly structured repertoire is likely due to the small home ranges and low gene flow among populations. Differences in the richness of the acoustic repertoire between both species, may be due to a combination of socioecological and evolutionary factors. We also provide the first description of the Araguaian boto (Inia araguaiensis) acoustic behavior and showed that they have a rich acoustic repertoire consisting of whistles and primarily pulsed calls. While whistles were produced rarely, a specific type of call, the short two-component calls were the most common signal emitted during the study. These calls were similar in acoustic structure to those produced by orcas (Orcinus orca) and pilot whales (Globicephala sp.). Because of the context at which these signals were produced, we hypothesize that they possibly play a role in mother-calf communication. Sotalia and Inia can be acoustically distinguished based on their social sounds, as the former has a repertoire based on whistles and the latter based on pulsative calls. With the low emission rate of whistles by Inia, so chances of misidentification are low. Thus, sounds of both genera can be used to distinguish them from one another during passive acoustic monitoring and serve as proxies for species presence in studies of distribution, habitat use, and abundance.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Amphibians and reptiles from Floresta Nacional de Pau-Rosa, Amazonas, Brazil: an important protected area at the heart of Amazonia
(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2017-09) FERREIRA, Gisele Cassundé; STURARO, Marcelo José; PELOSO, Pedro Luiz Vieira Del
Amazonia harbors the largest and most diverse tropical forest in the world, but knowledge about the species diversity of the region is still far from ideal. Given this low level of faunal and floral knowledge, we present an annotated list of the species of amphibians and reptiles found in Floresta Nacional do Pau-Rosa (FNPR), along the Rio Paraconi, municipality of Maués, state of Amazonas, Brazil. Herpetofauna of the FNPR was sampled with pitfall traps, active search and occasional encounters from February 18 to March 28, 2009. A total of 270 specimens were collected, representing 39 species of amphibians and 24 species of reptiles. At least seven of the species collected at FNPR represented, at the time, unnamed taxa (four of which have now been named). The number of taxa collected and the high number of unnamed taxa highlight the importance of this area in terms of biodiversity and as a priority for conservation. We also discuss about the amphibian diversity in Amazonia.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise ecológica da ostracofauna (crustacea) e meiofauna bentônica associada como bioindicadores ambientais na ilha de Cotijuba, Belém (PA), Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-02-27) BRITO, Maurício de Souza; PEREIRA, Ana Paula Linhares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8369046011837903
The uncontrolled occupation of environmental protection areas (APA) in Belém-PA and candidates for APA, such as Cotijuba Island, has intensified the environmental impacts in the region. To mitigate these effects, Conservation Paleobiology integrates historical data on the distribution of fauna and flora, connecting past, present, and future. In turn, ostracods, small crustaceans sensitive to environmental variations, which are part of the benthic meiofauna, provide information about changes in ecosystems through the analysis of their communities and shells, formed from the calcium carbonate in the water. In this way, the survey of the ostracofauna and associated meiofauna on the island of Cotijuba allowed the use of these groups as bioindicators. The research was conducted during the rainy, transitional, and less rainy seasons, at two beaches: Flexeira, less impacted, and Farol, more influenced by human activities. During the campaigns, surface samples were collected in the inframarine, intertidal and supramarine zones, as well as sediment cores, physico-chemical water measurements, and beach profiles. The results showed Farol beach as reflective and Flexeira beach as dissipative, in addition to physical-chemical parameters with low influence on the organisms. The benthic meiofauna recorded 10 distinct classes: Oligochaeta, Polychaeta, Insecta (Diptera and Trichoptera), Malacostraca (Amphipoda), Arachnida, Ostracoda, Hydrozoa, Gastropoda, Bivalvia, and Rhabditophora. Approximately 84% of the specimens are from Flexeira beach, with this proportion being higher when only ostracods are analyzed (89%). Despite the lower abundance at Farol beach, a large number of cocoons of Trichoptera pupae were observed, known for their sensitivity to pollution and environmental changes, indicating a relatively healthy environment. However, a low abundance of ostracods was observed, which may be related to abiotic factors, such as the type of beach and coarse sediments. Moreover, the overall abundance of meiofauna in Cotijuba was also considered low, even without indications of significant anthropogenic intervention, which suggests a relationship between the low number of specimens and hydrodynamic conditions that intensify erosive and depositional processes. The record of a new species is highlighted: Cyprideis cotijubensis sp. nov., as a potential bioindicator of recent ostracofauna in river estuaries in the Amazon. The project also resulted in the digital book “Cartilha Digital Preserva Amazônia”, aimed at raising awareness about the conservation of the Amazon.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aspectos geoambientais dos recursos hídricos do Rio Cuinarana, Magalhães Barata - Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-11-29) SILVA, Silvano Costa da; FERREIRA, Cristiane de Paula; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7804816854015308
The present work had the objective of mapping the Cuinarana river basin and describing the state of conservation of the sources in the municipality of Magalhães Barata, northern Pará, through an environmental diagnosis of the headwaters and cartographic production of thematic maps, in order to subsidize actions to promote the maintenance and sustainable use of water resources. It should be noted that there is no information of this nature for the studied municipality and therefore the area was chosen for the study, as a way of detecting the environmental problems in this basin, in order to develop public policies directed to environmental education.The study identified the situations of degradation of the main springs, in addition to georeferencing the Cuinarana River. The procedures adopted for the elaboration of the environmental diagnosis of the headwaters were based on evaluation protocols, which emphasize the physical integrity of the habitat around the headwaters, observing the aspects of the use and occupation of the soil, predominant vegetation, characteristic of the springs, its uses and the state of conservation. For the river maps, the boundary of the Cuinarana River basin was based on georeferenced relief data from the area in question, derived from the dot matrix products of the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), prepared by the US government agency National Aeronautics and Space Admistration ( NASA), and provided with correction calculations by the National Institute of Space Research (INPE), Brazil. The results obtained demonstrated that of the 11 springs raised, three 3 are in poor condition due to environmental impacts. The information from the maps shows that the Cuinarana River basin has undergone a process of transformation due to anthropic interference, resulting in different socio-environmental problems unaccompanied by effective environmental planning policies. Faced with the problem, the research product is a didactic atlas of the Cuinarana River Hydrographic Basin, composed of 10 thematic maps.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Características reprodutivas da paca fêmea (Agouti paca) criada em cativeiro
(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2008) GUIMARÃES, Diva Anelie de Araújo; BASTOS, Luciana Valois; FERREIRA, Ana Cássia Sarmento; RAMOS, Rosemar Silva Luz; OHASHI, Otávio Mitio; RIBEIRO, Haroldo Francisco Lobato
The objective of this paper was to study the reproductive biology of the Agouti paca raised in captivity. It was observed that the estrous cycle average was 32.5 + 3.7 days, gestation length 148.6 + 4.8 days, parturition interval 224.5 + 52.2 days, and the first post-partum 25.6 + 8.8 days. It was also observed that 55.5% of the females presented two parturitions per year with one young per parturition, of which 44.7% were females and 55.3% were males. The birth weight was 605.9 + 87.8 g for females and 736.7 + 108.4 g for males (P<0.05). Puberty in females occurred between 8 to 12 months; for this, however, more detailed investigations are necessary.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Conservação do Jaborandi (Pilocarpus microphyllusStapf Ex Wardleworth) no Norte do Brasil: diversidade genética e impactos das mudanças climáticas futuras
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-05-31) CORRÊA, Waléria Pereira Monteiro; CALDEIRA JUNIOR, Cecílio Frois; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4071467514868919; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4762-3515; SOUZA, Everaldo Barreiros de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6257794694839685; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6045-0984
Jaborandi (Pilocarpus microphyllus Stapf Ex Wardleworth) is a medicinal plant found in the north/northeast of Brazil. In recent decades, disordered extractive exploitation, the advance of agriculture and other activities that result in deforestation, as well as ongoing climate changes, have induced direct and indirect impacts on the survival of this plant species. Jaborandi is a natural source of pilocarpine, an alkaloid used in the pharmaceutical industry to treat glaucoma and xerostomia. Therefore, the species is socio-environmental interest because the extractivism of its leaves has generated financial income for countless families, in addition to contributing to the conservation of the species in the region. In order to contribute to long-term conservation and survival strategies for the species, this study evaluated the structure and genetic diversity of the species P. microphyllus in a Conservation Unit (UC) in southeastern Pará (FLONA Carajás), as well as an environmental modeling study was developed to analyze the impacts of climate change on the geographic distribution of occurrence of jaborandi, in order to delineate suitable areas according to future climate scenarios. The results of the genetic study demonstrated the formation of 04 populations with high diversity and ecological structure, even with continuous extractivism within the Carajás FLONA, indicating that exploration has been taking place in a sustainable manner in the region. In the modeling study, the projections indicated impacts of climate change on the distribution of P. microphyllus with a reduction in suitable areas in the Cerrado and Caatinga biomes (Maranhão and Piauí) and expansion of the species in the protected areas of forest cover of the Amazon biome in southeastern Pará. The results of this study contribute to the understanding of diversity in the FLONA of Carajás and reinforce the need for management and conservation plans for P. microphyllus in priority areas, where the species finds favorable climatic conditions in future scenarios. In situ and ex situ conservation measures for this species are essential, since extracting the leaves contributes as a source of income for local communities.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A dinâmica do desmatamento da Amazônia: análise sobre o município de Novo Repartimento- PA (2000 a 2020)
(Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, 2021-11) FARIAS, Monique Helen Cravo Soares; CARVALHO, André Cutrim; BELTRÃO, Norma Ely Santos; SANTOS, Cleber Assis dos; SILVA JÚNIOR, Monaldo Begot da
Conservation policy in the Amazon presents several dilemmas in the allocation of resources in this region. Deforestation and other forms of destruction and degradation continue rapidly, denying opportunities for conservation and sustainable development. Deforestation in the economic frontier of the State of Pará is linked to the process of occupation and expansion of agricultural, logging and mining activities, as well as the advance of subsistence agriculture. Thus, the objective of this work was to identify and characterize deforestation in the municipality of Novo Repartimento, state of Pará, from 2000 to 2020. As a development stage, the data were obtained in two moments: analysis of data on the evolution of deforestation in the study area through PRODES/INPE; a survey of theoretical and conceptual aspects of the dynamics of deforestation, obtained through the analysis of national and international scientific journals, legislation, reports and institutional publications. From 2000 to 2020, 8.423,2 km2 of deforested areas were detected in Novo Repartimento, representing 54.58% of its total area. Considerable evolution in the deforested areas was detected in the municipality, reflecting the need for intense and effective actions to prevent deforestation in this region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diversidade de mamíferos e aves cinegéticas na terra do meio
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-02-28) SACCARDI, Victor; HERNÁNDEZ-RUZ, Emil José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9304799439158425; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3593-3260
Studies on species abundance are critical to understand the patterns and responses of communities to everlasting effects, like climate change, or transient disturbances, like hunting and deforestation. Millions of people in tropical forests depend on wildlife to ensure their protein intake and their food security. Terra do Meio is located in Pará state, Brazilian Amazon, in the watershed of the middle Xingu river, composing a group of protected areas that receive great deforestation pressure, where traditional indigenous and riverside populations live. In order to describe the diversity of medium and large mammals and game bird species of three Conservation Units, 835 km were covered in nine transects. Comparisons were also made between the areas, ascertaining the impacts of hunting, and proposed recommendations for the monitoring of the biodiversity. Population estimates of the species were obtained by the Distance Sampling method. Indirect data were also collected and camera traps also installed. 47 species were recorded. The results suggest that hunting does not drastically affect wild populations in the area and may indicate that local hunting currently tends to be sustainable. This study reinforces the importance of extensive areas for the maintenance of viable populations and the sustainability of hunting in these regions. This study presents estimates of species density in these areas, and it provides the first information on the diversity of mammals and game birds of Riozinho do Anfrísio Extractive Reserve.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Enxertia e indução da floração com Paclobutrazol em golosa (Chrysom sapyllunuignolentum (Pierre) Baehnni)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-02-24) RIBEIRO, Cleber da Silva; LEÃO, Fábio Miranda; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6256044082655658; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3258-8748
Accelerating the flowering and fruiting of species in degraded areas can make forest restoration more efficient. Grafting combined with plant growth regulators has the potential to enhance this process. This study evaluated the effectiveness of grafting and different graft protection techniques on the grafting success rate of Golosa seedlings (Chrysophyllum sanguinolentum) and the impact of paclobutrazol on grafted and non-grafted seedlings under different shading conditions. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Pará in two phases. The first phase, carried out between August and September 2023, involved grafting 160 seedlings distributed across four graft protection treatments: parafilm (T1), parafilm with kraft paper bag (T2), plastic bag (T3), and plastic bag with kraft paper bag (T4). A completely randomized block design was used, and the seedlings were kept in a greenhouse. Budding was evaluated at 20, 27, 34, 41, 48, and 56 days after grafting. Since normality and homogeneity assumptions were not met, the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05) was applied. The second phase, conducted between June and December 2024, evaluated stem diameter, height, number of leaves, and chlorophyll index, considering grafting, shading, and paclobutrazol application as factors. A completely randomized design was used, with 56 seedlings divided into grafted (28) and non-grafted (28) groups, subjected to two shading levels (full sun and 50% shade) and two paclobutrazol treatments: application of 2 ml diluted in 250 ml of water and a control without application. Measurements were taken at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 days after PBZ application. Data analysis was performed using R Studio software, applying Generalized Linear Models (GLM). The results showed significant differences between graft protection treatments. T2 (parafilm with kraft paper bag) had the highest grafting success rate (27.5%), followed by T4 (12.5%), while T1 had 10%, and T3 showed no budding. Regarding shading, plants under 50% shade exhibited greater stem diameter growth (2.36%), a higher number of leaves (53), and a higher chlorophyll index (34.2 g). Height growth was also greater under shade but was not statistically significant. Non-grafted plants had a higher number of leaves (64), while grafted plants had the highest chlorophyll index (30.7 g). PBZ reduced the average number of leaves (42) and stem diameter growth (1.99%) but did not significantly affect height or the chlorophyll index. It is concluded that grafting is an effective asexual reproduction technique for C. sanguinolentum, and graft protection with parafilm and a kraft paper bag improves grafting success. Additionally, grafting may accelerate flowering and fruiting, but this hypothesis requires long-term monitoring. PBZ proved to be phytotoxic, reducing growth and causing total leaf loss.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Exposição das florestas da Amazônia à velocidade das mudanças climáticas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-02-19) AMARAL, Calil Torres; VIEIRA, Ima Célia Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3761418169454490; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1233-318X; SOUZA, Everaldo Barreiros de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6257794694839685; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6045-0984
Climate change is occurring at an accelerated rate and, as a result, species must produce adaptive responses to survive. The redistribution of biodiversity is one of the most anticipated effects for tropical species, as they have narrow thermal niches that make them less able to adapt to new environmental conditions. Evidence has already been observed in many Amazonian taxonomic groups, however, it remains uncertain whether the species will be able to follow up future climate changes. The amazon is among the global regions most exposed to long distances to climates analogs and to the emergence of new climate conditions. Along with this, the advance of deforestation may restrict the amount of habitats favorable to the distribution of species in the future, in addition to impairing connectivity to areas with a similar climate. Protected areas (PAs) can contribute to the redistribution of Amazonian biodiversity as climate havens, representing an important connectivity strategy between present and future climates, but they may be insufficient, given the speed of climate change promoted by human activities. Climate velocities represent a method to quantify the rate at which species must change their distribution in order to preserve their current climatic adaptation characteristics. In this work, the speed of climate change in the Amazon biome is investigated, based on climatic analogues between the present and the future, from the directions of advancement (present-future) and retreat (future-present), emphasizing the network of PAs in the region. The median climatic velocity of these areas was compared with that of unprotected areas (UAs), in order to verify the effectiveness of PAs in maintaining favorable climatic conditions for the adaptation of species in future climate change scenarios. In addition, the climatic refuges of the Amazon biome were identified and the impact of deforestation on these areas was quantified. To achieve these objectives, data from annual air temperature and precipitation averages with a spatial resolution of 10 km were used, in order to describe the current (1970-2000) and future (2041-2060) mesoclimates. The results show that the effects of the recoil speed will be greater in magnitude and spatial extension. Despite this, the network of PAs will be less exposed to the impacts of the recoil speed than UAs - emphasizing the importance of these areas as a tool in conservation. In contrast, for impacts related to the speed of advancement, the PA network will be slightly more exposed than PAs - indicating that the current spatial layout of the PA network is still not the most suitable for minimizing the impacts of climate change. It was also found that climatic refuges occupy only 7% of the Amazon biome, and are distributed along the edges of the biogeographic limit. In just 12 years, deforestation has caused a loss of more than 5% of these areas. In view of this scenario, it is necessary to further limit the loss of forests and include climate refuges in the conservation agendas of the Amazon, in order to enhance the conservation of the biota of Amazonian forests under climate change scenarios.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Exposição das florestas da Amazônia à velocidade das mudanças climáticas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-03-19) AMARAL, Calil Torres; VIEIRA, Ima Célia Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3761418169454490; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1233-318X; SOUZA, Everaldo Barreiros de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6257794694839685; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6045-0984
Climate change is occurring at an accelerated rate and, as a result, species must produce adaptive responses to survive. The redistribution of biodiversity is one of the most anticipated effects for tropical species, as they have narrow thermal niches that make them less able to adapt to new environmental conditions. Evidence has already been observed in many Amazonian taxonomic groups, however, it remains uncertain whether the species will be able to follow up future climate changes. The amazon is among the global regions most exposed to long distances to climates analogs and to the emergence of new climate conditions. Along with this, the advance of deforestation may restrict the amount of habitats favorable to the distribution of species in the future, in addition to impairing connectivity to areas with a similar climate. Protected areas (PAs) can contribute to the redistribution of Amazonian biodiversity as climate havens, representing an important connectivity strategy between present and future climates, but they may be insufficient, given the speed of climate change promoted by human activities. Climate velocities represent a method to quantify the rate at which species must change their distribution in order to preserve their current climatic adaptation characteristics. In this work, the speed of climate change in the Amazon biome is investigated, based on climatic analogues between the present and the future, from the directions of advancement (present-future) and retreat (future-present), emphasizing the network of PAs in the region. The median climatic velocity of these areas was compared with that of unprotected areas (UAs), in order to verify the effectiveness of PAs in maintaining favorable climatic conditions for the adaptation of species in future climate change scenarios. In addition, the climatic refuges of the Amazon biome were identified and the impact of deforestation on these areas was quantified. To achieve these objectives, data from annual air temperature and precipitation averages with a spatial resolution of 10 km were used, in order to describe the current (1970-2000) and future (2041-2060) mesoclimates. The results show that the effects of the recoil speed will be greater in magnitude and spatial extension. Despite this, the network of PAs will be less exposed to the impacts of the recoil speed than UAs - emphasizing the importance of these areas as a tool in conservation. In contrast, for impacts related to the speed of advancement, the PA network will be slightly more exposed than PAs - indicating that the current spatial layout of the PA network is still not the most suitable for minimizing the impacts of climate change. It was also found that climatic refuges occupy only 7% of the Amazon biome, and are distributed along the edges of the biogeographic limit. In just 12 years, deforestation has caused a loss of more than 5% of these areas. In view of this scenario, it is necessary to further limit the loss of forests and include climate refuges in the conservation agendas of the Amazon, in order to enhance the conservation of the biota of Amazonian forests under climate change scenarios.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Uso de caixas-ninho pela fauna de vertebrados em relação às variáveis ambientais em um fragmento de Floresta Amazônica em Altamira-Pa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-07-27) BENTO, Silnara Carmo; GOMES, Felipe Bittioli Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0924023357753741
The Amazon rainforest is considered one of the largest remnants of tropical rainforest in the world, but the sharp exploitation of natural resources in the Amazon has caused a growing loss of biodiversity. These impacts have worryingly reached the fauna that depends on natural cavities present in alive or dead trees as spots for nesting, sheltering or foraging. To compensate the loss of environmental complexity, the use of nest boxes has been successfully used, especially forests of temperate regions, for diverse groups of vertebrates, from birds to mammals. For the Neotropical region, it is necessary to evaluate the efficiency of this environmental intervention through the experimentation and observation regarding the use of these nest boxes in relation to the environmental variables, being our goal to develop these observations in a fragment of Amazon forest in Pará. The study used 30 wooden nest boxes distributed along a RAPELD research module located in a forest fragment in the Xingu region of Altamira. Eight boxes were installed in transect One and 16 transect the Two, added six boxes along the stream. Four boxes per parcel were installed, two at the beginning and two at the end, one 1.5 m hight and the other with 5 m. in relation to the ground; the boxes installed along the stream were fixed with intercalated height (1,5 and 5 m) distanced 50 m each other. Environmental and spatial variables were measured: opening the canopy edge distance, and an average density of the surrounding DAP trees, distance and altitude stream. The Principal Components Analysis (PCA), were used to correlate the occurrence of bird, amphibians and reptiles species, and used to verify the relationship between the nesting site variables and locations in relation to the sampling sites. Seven boxes were occupied by vertebrates, all then as sheltering. Four were occupied by mammals (Didelphidae and Rodentia), two reptiles (Thecadatilus rapicauda) and one amphibian (Osteocephalus taurinus). Sampling covered the entire study area through the heterogeneous distribution of the artificial cavities, there was slight variation between the variables and the nest boxes (PCA - 39.50% explanation of the axes). There was no significant correlation, but a tendency of use for T. rapicauda to occupy boxes associated with the variables distance of the stream and altitude, and mammals with the variable vegetation cover. Different from other Brazilian studies there was low occupation of nest boxes, and our results were not substantial to determine the use of nest boxes for environmental enrichment in fragmented environmental fragments in the Amazon.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O vidro e os vitrais de edificações históricas de Belém: patologias e conservação
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-09-05) PINTO, Amanda Monteiro Corrêa; SANJAD, Thais Alessandra Bastos Caminha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8950586647715771
The application of glass in Belém’s architecture, at first, was restricted to large buildings, in the late XIXth century, reaching its peak only in the next century, during the eclectic movement, as an import issue. However, face to the overexposure to the weather and improper substitutions, ancient glasses are gradually disappearing, almost being impossible to documentate it properly. In order to safeguard this material, the main objective of this research is to investigate technologically glasses and stained-glasses physico-chemical characteristics from buildings of Belém and its damages caused by weather conditions. Selected samples were characterized through optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (SEM/EDX), concomitantly with the execution of graphic in order to do damage diagnosis and to identify most frequent pathologies. Therewith it was possible to verify that samples present a moderated level of degradation as considerable deposits of soot and discoloration and that the biofilm which develops at the glass surface is responsible for its opacity, that fact origins moderate corrosion and stains. FRX data revealed that all samples as soda-lime glass with 70% of SiO2. Resulting data will be important to subsidize conservation and restoration practices on historical glasses and stained-glasses according to local weather conditions.