Navegando por Assunto "Controle (Psicologia)"

Agora exibindo 1 - 6 de 6

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Desenvolvimento de uma medida de controle primário e secundário para idosos
(2013-09) KHOURY, Hilma Tereza Tôrres; GÜNTHER, Isolda de Araújo
This article presents a measure developed to evaluate the adaptive processes of primary and secondary controls in elderly persons. Primary control is defined as a strategy to modify the environment to attend to personal demands. Secondary control refers to efforts to fit in the environment. The participants were 315 elderly, between 60 and 92 years old, 33.3% males and 66.7% females. They were interviewed in their own homes. Using factor analysis, three independent factors were identified: Strive for Achievement with Own Resources (Primary Control), Adaptation Effort (Secondary Control) and Strive for Achievement with Help (Primary Control). Considering the paucity of instruments to evaluate these constructs, the measure should contribute to the advance of research as well as to services for elderly people.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos da exposição a mudanças nas contingências sobre o seguir regras
(2006-04) ALBUQUERQUE, Luiz Carlos de; SILVA, Francynete Melo e
By investigating the effects of experimental histories on discrepant rule following contingencies, nine university students were exposed to a matching-to-sample procedure; the task was to point out, in a set order, it one of three comparison stimuli. Each condition comprised four sessions. The contingencies in Session 1 were altered in Session 2, reestablished in Session 3 and remained unchanged in Session 4, which began with the discrepant rule. The three conditions differed as to the form of establishment of the alternative behavior to that specified by the discrepant rule. Independent of how the behavior was established in Session 1, whether by contingencies (Condition 1) or by rules (Conditions 2 and 3), only those participants who responded correctly in Sessions 2 and 3 (n = 7) did not follow the discrepant rule in Session 4. It is also discussed some of the characteristics that an experimental history should have to interfere with discrepant rule following.
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Efeitos de dois tipos de pergunta sobre os comportamentos verbal e não-verbal
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007) PAZ, Mariana Vargas; ALBUQUERQUE, Luiz Carlos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5261537967195189
The present study intent to evaluate if the sinalization of changing on programmed contingencies through the presentation of question should turn the following of rules more probable to change when the contingencies modified. Twelve pre-grade students were exposed to a matching-to-sample procedure. The respondents pointed, sequentially, to three comparison stimuli in the presence of a sample stimuli. The presentation of correct sequencies produce points exchangeable for money. The responses were reinforced in CRF. The participants were distributed in four experimental conditions, each one consisted of four sessions. The session 1 was the base line. The programmed contingencies in Session 2 were changed in Session 3 and remained unchanged in Session 4. In Conditions 1 and 2, the nonverbal behavior was established through differential reinforcement and in Conditions 3 and 4 it was established through instructions. Two types of question were asked during the experiment: question Type 1 consisted in asking the participant to describe the behavior that produce reinforcement; and question Type 2 consisted in asking the participant to evaluate the possibility of exist or not more than one behavior that is reinforced in experimental situation. Question Type 1 was presented each three trials during the Sessions 2, 3 and 4 for all conditions; while question Type 2 was presented alternately in the beginning of Session 3 or Session 4. The results showed that two of three participants of Condition 1 and all of Condition 2 modified their verbal and nonverbal behaviors when the contingencies were changed. In Condition 3, all participants changed their behaviors when the contingencies changed and two of three modified their behaviors when the contingencies changed in Condition 4. This indicate that the question Type 2, join to the question Type 1, contributed to the presentation of verbal and nonverbal behaviors more sensitivity to the changing in contingencies when the nonverbal behavior was established through instructions. The results may aid in clarifying the role of questions in sensitivity of verbal and nonverbal behaviors to changing in contingencies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos de perguntas e de histórias experimentais sobre o seguir regras
(2006-08) SILVA, Francynete Melo e; ALBUQUERQUE, Luiz Carlos de
Investigating the effects of continuous reinforcement questions and histories on rule following, nine university students were exposed to a matching-to-sample task which was point out, sequentially, each one of three comparison stimuli in the presence of a contextual stimuli. The contingencies in Session 1 were changed in Session 2, reestablished in Session 3, and kept unchanged in Session 4, which began with the discrepant rule. No questions were made in Condition 1, whereas in Conditions 2 and 3, questions were asked. In Condition 2, the questions were more general than in Condition 3. Only five participants (two of the Condition 2 and the three of Condition 3) learned the task and performed in accordance with the contingency-based changes. Of these five, four stopped rule following in Session 4. The results should lead to clarify the role of the verbal environment in the determination of non-verbal behavior.
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Percepção de controle e qualidade de vida: comparação entre idosos institucionalizados e não institucionalizados
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-09) KHOURY, Hilma Tereza Tôrres; SÁ-NEVES, Ângela Carina
Introduction: Perceived control is a psychosocial resource, which has been associated to quality of life and well-being. Quality of life is a subjective and multidimensional construct. Perceived control refers to beliefs of managing own life. Elderly living in nursing homes are generally subject to numerous restrictions that can affect their perceived control and quality of life. Objective: To investigate perceptions of control – primary and secondary – and quality of life in elderly, in the city of Belém-PA, comparing the institutionalized ones with those living in the community, looking for association between these variables in these contexts of existence. This is an analytical study, observational, cross-sectional, in which 66 people aged between 60 and 96 years (21 men, 45 women; 33 institutionalized; 33 living in the community) were assessed through the instruments WHOQOL-OLD and ECOPSE. Results: Significant differences (p≤0,05) between institutionalized elderly and the ones living in the community were found. Beliefs of being in control are associated to satisfaction with achievements and interests in both groups; however, the association between control and autonomy is found only among community residents. Conclusion: Living in the community favors perceived control and quality of life; perceived control is associated with quality of life in a great number of dimensions in the elderly living in the community, compared to institutionalized ones.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Processos de auto-regulação no curso de vida: controle primário e controle secundário
(2009) KHOURY, Hilma Tereza Tôrres; GÜNTHER, Isolda de Araújo
This article discusses relevant concepts of life course perspective which are not very much diffused in Brazil: primary and secondary control. The former refers to efforts to change the environment so that it fits individual's needs. The latter involves efforts to fit in with the environment. The original definitions are presented as a two-process model of control in contrast to one-process models such as learned helplessness. Furthermore, it discusses a conceptual revision, which modified and expanded these constructs as a bi-dimensional model that relates primary and secondary control to the concepts of selection and compensation. In process of arguing about those, suggestions are presented for thinking and expanding the theoretical and conceptual discussion of these constructs.