Navegando por Assunto "Controle por regras"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da competição entre os efeitos de consequências imediatas e efeitos de justificativas sobre o seguimento de regras
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-03-18) FARIAS, Andréa Fonseca; ALBUQUERQUE, Luiz Carlos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5261537967195189
This study aimed to investigate the effects of rules with additional justifications of Type 1 (reports about possible consequences of rule governed behavior) and Type 2 (reports about eventual approval or not, of the rule following) on the maintenance of rule governed behavior, after a change in programmed contingencies when this behavior starts to produce loss of reinforcer (points exchangeable for cash). To this end, 44 participants were exposed to a matching to sample procedure. The task was to point to each of the three comparison stimuli in a given sequence. Each comparison stimulus had only one dimension - color (C), thickness (T) or shape (S) - in common with the sample and differed on all other dimensions. Experiment included six conditions. Each condition was composed of four phases. Phases 1 and 3 started with the presentation of a rule related to programmed contingencies, while Phases 2 and 4 were marked by an unsignaled change, in such contingencies. Phases 1 and 3 differed only as to the justifications presented to rule following. The maintenance of the rule governed behavior avoided loss of the programmed reinforcer in Phases 1 and 3, and produced such loss in Phases 2 and 4. Overall, results showed that rules with justifications can alter the probability of the behavior specified by them to occur in the future. The role of control by rules in the explanation of behavior was discussed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos de justificativas sobre o seguir regras por participantes ortoréxicos.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-09-17) CARDOSO, Laís Caroline Ferreira; BOTELHO, Eliã Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6276864906384922; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9682-6530; ALBUQUERQUE, Luiz Carlos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5261537967195189
Introduction: The investigation of the variables involved in the establishment and maintenance of food behavior is important, mainly because the food ingested interferes in the survival of the organism. Eating disorders such as Ortorexia Nervosa can trigger impairment of social interaction of individuals. It is assumed that orthorexic behavior is controlled by rules associated with justifications. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate whether participants who present a repertoire of behaviors classified as orthorexic, tend to follow general rules associated with justifications or only food rules. Method: To do this, in the first stage of the research, 200 nutrition students from two colleges in Belém do Pará, the inflexibility questionnaire (to find adherents or not to follow rules) and the Orto-15 questionnaire as a means of research of orthorexic behavior. In the second stage, 12 participants (6 inflexible and 6 flexible) were exposed to a computerized version of the procedure of choice to experimentally evaluate the competition between control by justification for rule follow-up and control for immediate consequences. There were 4 phases, where in all, only the CEF, CFE, FEC, ECF and EFC sequences were reinforced immediately with points and participants only progressed to subsequent phases if they reached the stipulated score. In Phase 1 only the mentioned sequences were reinforced with exchangeable points for money in a continuous reinforcement scheme. Phase 2 had the FCE sequence (shape, color and thickness) as discrepant and only the CEF, CFE, FEC, ECF and EFC sequences were reinforced. In Phases 3 and 4 the FCE discrepancy rule was associated with type 5 justifications (verbal antecedents of what to observe: reports that may indicate examples of behaviors to be followed and examples of behaviors not to be followed) and again only the sequences CEF, CFE, FEC, ECF and EFC were strengthened. Results: Of the 200 students, 72% had a risk for orthorexia. In the second stage of the experiment, we had 12 participants, where only 8 went to phase 3 (6 flexible and 2 inflexible), 4 of these participants had a risk for developing orthorexic behavior (2 inflexible and 2 flexible) the rule follow-up and only 1 followed the discrepant rule until the end. The study showed that participants at risk for the development of orthorexia are good adherents of rules favorable to healthy eating, but that this is not valid for general rules associated with justifications of type 5, because they were under control of the immediate consequences.