Navegando por Assunto "Crescimento populacional"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Abastecimento de água na cidade de Marabá - Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-12-17) MORAES, Lindalva Canaan Jorge; ROCHA, Gilberto de Miranda; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2436176783315749
This work analyzes the formation, expansion and management of the water supply system of the city of Marabá, in the State of Pará. In the mid-‘70s, the city became the locus of a strong demographic growth, exacerbated by an intensive migration process, resulting from several public initiatives connected with a policy of national integration This policy comprised the development of infrastructure such as roads, hydroelectric plants, official colonization plans, implementation of big projects, as the mining complex of Carajas, incentives to agriculture and cattle-raising and timber exploration. This demographic boom increased by four times the city’s urban population creating a big impact in the supply of public services, overburdening, inclusive, the water supply system. Aiming to contribute to the debate on the question of water supply in the aforementioned city, we concentrated our efforts to analyze how the city’s water supply is being made throughout these years. Its present supply structure, which areas are covered by the services provided by the Company of Water Supply of the State of Pará and which are not and which alternatives of water supply are being adopted to secure water supply services in areas not covered by the official water supply system.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Incidência de malária no Estado do Pará e suas relações com a variabilidade climática regional
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-11-23) PARENTE, Andressa Tavares; SOUZA, Everaldo Barreiros de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6257794694839685
The objective of the present work is to approach a diagnostic study on the malaria incidence in four different regions over the Pará state in the eastern Amazon, seeking its relationships with the regional climate variability, with the population growth and rates of deforestation. Time series containing 35 years of annual data (1970-2005) and 14 years of monthly data are used. The percentiles technique was employed in order to establish five categories or classes of the malaria incidence rates and precipitation for each municipal district.Results based on the analyses using annual data showed that the cities present different factors that contribute to the endemic profile. The growth of the population has direct relationship with the increased malaria incidence in Anajás, Itaituba and Santana do Araguaia. In Anajás, the precipitation was not a decisive factor in the occurrence of the parasitosis. In Santana do Araguaia and Viseu the highest rates of the malaria incidence occurred in years with rainfall deficit. For Viseu, the normal precipitation pattern also categorized high malaria incidence. Concerning the deforestation rates from 1988 until 1995, the curves of malaria incidence follow the deforestation rates. From 1995 onwards, it was evidenced consecutive years of high rates of malaria incidence just after the years characterized with higher deforestation rates, as observed during 1995, 2000 and 2004. Composites analyses based on objective selection of the indices of malaria occurrence categorized by the percentiles, allowed to define annual features of the regional climate variability in each city. In general, years with higher malaria indices area associated with the Pacific El Niño and warmer than normal oceanic conditions over the north Atlantic basin, while the years with lower malaria indices are related to the Pacific La Niña and no significant signal in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. Results obtained from monthly data base, using composites based on objective selection of climate events observed over Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, it was investigated the response of such mechanisms on the monthly evolution of the malaria incidence over the Pará state. The El Niño composites revealed "negative" impacts, i.e., systematic and significant increase in cases of malaria occurring in a sequence of months in Itaituba and Santana do Araguaia. For Anajás and Viseu, the El Niño scenario is associated with "positive" impacts i.e., malaria incidence in the medium and low categories. Concerning La Niña composites, a widespread response over most of Pará state is verified, with predominance of higher malaria incidence in the four cities and processing persistently during the consecutive months from December to May. The composites for the positive dipole events in the intertropical Atlantic showed intra-regionally differentiated 11 malaria indices over the state, with Anajás and Itaituba presenting predominance of increased cases, while in Santana do Araguaia and Viseu presented several months with normal rates and below than average. Except for Itaituba, composites for the negative dipole events in the intertropical Atlantic evidenced malaria incidence in the medium and low categories, evolving from November to May.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Influência das mudanças climáticas no balanço hídrico dos lagos de abastecimento de Belém-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-05-06) SILVA, Fabíola Souza da; BLANCO, Claudio José Cavalcante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8319326553139808
Climate change, projected for global water resources, drastic changes in patterns of distribution and availability of water. So, the objective of this study was to investigate the impacts that climate change will have on the local hydrological cycle. And analyze if the lakes Bolonha and Água Preta, responsible for supplying part of the city of Belém-PA, will be able to provide water to future demand. Then, the water balance of the lakes was projected until 2100, using the GCMs MIROC5 and HADGEM2-ES aligned to the RCM Eta, from two greenhouse gas emission scenarios RCPs 4.5 and 8.5. It was necessary to carry out the projection of the population of the city of Belém-PA until the year 2100, using the Gompertz model. The results projected a large reduction in the volume of precipitation in the rainy months compared to historical data; and for the summer period, the projections point to drier months than normal. The surface evaporation projection showed an increase in the evaporated surface volume. The consequences of the projections on the future water balance of the lakes were a high reduction in the volume of both, interfering in the recovery of their maximum capacities. The projections of future scenarios for the lakes showed that the actual production of COSANPA will not be able to meet the future demand of society, causing a situation of water scarcity until the end of the century, will lead to the need to increase the pumping of water to the lakes. In this way, understanding how changes in hydrological variables will affect water availability is an important tool in the quest to mitigate impacts and carry out long term planning and management of this resource.