Navegando por Assunto "Cultivo"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A agricultura familiar e políticas públicas como instrumentos para o desenvolvimento local: o cultivo do abacaxi no município de Conceição do Araguaia-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-08-26) MACHADO, Stella de Castro Santos; MANESCHY, Rosana Quaresma; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5914095913079907; LOPES, Luis Otávio do Canto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1013147545099173
Pineapple is a tropical native plant of the Amazon region. Hence, the southeast region of Pará is highly benefited by horticulture as it features favorable clime and soil conditions for pineapple cultivation, plenty of labour and low production costs. As it is a region with an immense area for settlements, which has still been in its early stages of structuring with low levels of income to the settlers and still precarious development conditions, it is important and urgent for the entire southeastern Pará that alternatives of investments and direction of public policies aimed at structuring the chain production of pineapple are considered and hence promote local development. This piece of work, meeting the immediate needs of the producers and managers, shows the pineapple culture as an important alternative for family farming, benefiting a great deal communities of small farmers in the southeastern Pará. It aims at evaluating the performance of public policies on pineapple production, showing the roles assigned to each public entity involved in this activity and their actual performance. Looking into bibliographic data and information through on site questionnaires, interviews and observations, it has been concluded that it is advantageous to exploit pineapple in the southeast settlement areas of Para, taking advantage of the familiar structure generating both employment and income, since it does not require large areas of cultivation or huge technology investments. The role of public policy flaws on several points listed throughout the work, which has made it difficult and hindered local development. Defying the odds, small producers keep on struggling and increasing the production of each crop, putting the city in the second place in the national production of pineapple.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Albedo da cultura da soja em área de avanço da fronteira agrícola na Amazônia
(2010-01) SOUZA, Paulo Jorge de Oliveira Ponte de; RIBEIRO, Aristides; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; LOUREIRO, Renata Silva de; BISPO, Carlos José Capela; SOUSA, Adriano Marlisom Leão de
Soybean expansion in the Amazon has been increasing considerably in recent years, the consequences of which can be serious environmental impacts. In this paper the soybean albedo (Glycine Max (L.) Merryl) was evaluated, which was planted in natural field conditions in Paragominas city (PA), a region representative of agricultural expansion in Amazon. A direct relationship was observed between soybean albedo and its leaf area index (LAI), showing a daily maximum value between 0.24 and 0.25 associated to a LAI of 7.17, when soybean has accumulated 1297.62 degree-days. It was found that the most critical phase of the crop, based on change in surface albedo, is the fruitification phase, when albedo shows a maximum mean value of 0.23 (± 0.0007). Empirical models were fitted to simulate the daily variation of the albedo as a function of LAI and soil humidity during the cycle, and to simulate the diurnal variation of the albedo as a function of solar elevation, for each soybean phase.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dinâmica do amônio e nitrato em solos consorciados com plantios de Paricá (Schizolobium Amazonicum) em Aurora do Pará, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) DIAS, Joelma Dezincourt; CARVALHO, Cláudio José Reis de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5976057799163293
To obtain knowledge of the dynamics of nitrogen in soil in the forms of mineral-N: ammonium and nitrate from 3 different areas cultivated with paricá, paricá x freijó (PF), mahogany x paricá (PM), paricá x curauá x freijó (PCF) and secondary forest, was estimated rates of net mineralization and nitrification, stocks of carbon and nitrogen, pH, urease, basal respiration and physical parameters (density and total porosity). The study was conducted in northeastern Para in the city of Aurora do Para, in the farm business Tramontina SA, in October and November of 2007, representing the dry season, while January and march representing the rainy season. In all areas of the farm cultivated samples for chemical and physical analysis were taken at depths of 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm. For net mineralization of the highest values occurred in the dry season, this result was observed for all areas of cultive. For net nitrification of the highest values occurred in October 2007 in the areas of secondary forest and paricá x curauá x freijó and the month of March in the areas of mahogany x paricá (PM) and paricá x freijó (PF). The values for the rates of net nitrification showed that there was significant interaction between treatment and season. The values of carbon stocks for all areas in the dry season varied from 11-17 Mg/ha and in the rainy season of 15-25 Mg/ha. The values for the storage of nitrogen varied from 0,78-1,80 Mg/ha in the dry season and 0,76-1,47 Mg/ha in the rainy season. The relation C/N for all systems was around 15/1 indicating a rapid process of decomposition of organic matter in soils.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dinâmica do processo de inovação do açaí: a trajetória de pesquisa e desenvolvimento do BRS-Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-04-28) GUIMARÃES, Camilla Maria Cavalcante; COSTA, Francisco de Assis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1820238947667908
In Pará state açaí is the main product of the fruit-growing, generating an approximate value of R $ 677.2 million. With the expansion of production for upland areas, came the difficulty of standardization and homogeneity of production and thus lower quality. In an attempt to solve this problem, the Federal institute Embrapa Amazônia Oriental developed through genetic breeding the BRS-Pará, first crop for solid ground, with high productivity, early production and production in the off-season. Thus, the research aimed to analyze the process of innovation and profitability of BRS-Pará breeding. For the construction of this analysis it was necessary to characterize the BRS-Pará product developed by EMBRAPA, from the conception of the idea to product development, where were used for the analysis. The technological structure, productive and reproductive problems that gave origin to BRS-Pará were analyzed, through interviews with the technicians responsible for the development of farming. The perspective used to understand the process of innovation and technological came from Lundvall, Freeman, Cassiolato who argues that the process occurs from the interaction between different actors, institutions, support mechanisms and research work in collaboration to facilitate this process. At last, were collected accounting and production data of a farm that works with Açaí BRS-Pará crops, evaluating profitability, productivity and balance point of BRS-Pará crops. To understand the phenomenon we used the notion of paradigms and technological trajectories, based on the notion of Dosi and Nelson, however Costa perspective (2009) was highlighted to be a necessary contextualization of the natural environment in the formation and constitution of paradigms and their trajectories. The production unit analyzed is included in the T5 concept, path defined by Costa, as part of the patriarchal system, where there is an intensive land use and landscape homogenization. The study showed high level of profitability, because the crop enables revenue generation in the period between harvests, when prices rise, as well as the benefits of irrigation for the development of production.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito do plantio de dendê (Elaeis guineensis Jacquin 1763) sobre a diversidade funcional de mamíferos terrestres
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-03-12) MAUÉS, Paula Cristina Rodrigues de Almeida; OLIVEIRA, Ana Cristina Mendes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1199691414821581
We studied the effect of palm tree planting on the functional diversity of terrestrial mammals in a region of the Amazon Forest in the northeast of the State of Pará, Brazil. We evaluated through measures of Functional Diversity (FD) the impacts that this planting can have on the functional groups of medium and large terrestrial mammals. In addition to the species richness we consider the abundance of species in the analyzes involving the functionality, through the Biological Trait Analysis (BTA) and the Functional Diversity Analysis based on the Rao quadratic entropy index (FDq). No effect of palm oil planting on the FD of the mammals was observed, considering only the species richness. However, in the analyzes in which the abundance of the species was considered (FDq and BTA), it was possible to observe the effects on the functional groups. The functional traits most affected by the effect were: general food habits, bunodon dentition, diurnal activity period, diet based on fruits, seeds, invertebrates and exudates, social behavior in small groups, arboreal locomotion, sub-forest forest strata and sub-canopy and the functional groups most affected by palm planting were primates and other arboreal species, compromising the functions of seed predation and dispersion, decreased nutrient cycling, reduced invertebrate control, decreased herbivory, and altered species life history vegetables.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efluxo de dióxido de carbono do solo na transição floresta-sistema agroflorestal no município de Tomé Açu, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-08-31) PINHEIRO, Larissa Paulina Souza; VASCONCELOS, Steel Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0719395243841543
The soil carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux corresponds to the principal flow of carbon from the biosphere to the atmosphere. Tropical soils, which usually show high moisture and temperature, offer very favorable conditions for the production of CO2 resulting from, the decomposition of organic matter, root respiration and microbial respiration, increasing soil CO2 emission to the atmosphere. Soil management practices influence the controlling factors of the soil carbon stock and CO2 emission. A greater understanding of this influence has stimulated studies on all ecosystems, which, among other things, seek to identify and/or develop practices that increase carbon storage and reduce the emission of soil CO2, as is the case of agroforestry. Due to the large global scientific interest in understanding the physical and biological processes involving CO2 fluxes between the surface and the atmosphere, the aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of the transition from secondary forest to oil palm-based agroforestry systems on the soil CO2 efflux and soil biotic and abiotic factors. The experiment was conducted in the municipality of Tomé Açu, northeast Pará, in a project which has been investigating models of palm oil production systems in agrosilvicultural arrangements in the context of smallholder agriculture. The soil CO2 efflux was measured with a portable photosynthesis measurement system (LI-6400) coupled to a soil respiration chamber. We also measured soil gravimetric moisture and temperature, soil respiration (SR), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), soil organic carbon, fine roots stock and litter stock in two AFS and a remaining secondary forest. Measurements of CO2 efflux and soil and plant sampling were taken between January and April 2015 and were carried out fortnightly. The soil CO2 efflux was mainly influenced by soil temperature and moisture in both agroforestry systems. The forest-AFS transition significantly affected the soil CO2 efflux, fine roots, MBC and SR. The transition from secondary forest to AFS with oil palm and the spatial variability of the species or arrangement of the systems affected the soil quality. These changes may be linked to impacts of changes in the structure and species composition of the systems and the management of soil organic matter.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Novel Microsatellite Markers for Brazilian Mangrove Oysters ( Crassostrea gasar ) and their Cross-Amplification in Crassostrea rhizophorae
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-08) BALDEZ, Renata do Socorro Corrêa; MELO, Mauro Andre Damasceno de; SAMPAIO, Maria Iracilda da Cunha; TAGLIARO, Claudia Helena
A microsatellite CT/GT enriched genomic library was developed for Crassostrea gasar and twelve new polymorphic loci were isolated and characterized. The markers were successfully amplified from 25 individuals of Crassostrea gasar and 11 cross-amplified individuals of Crassostrea rhizophorae. There was no evidence of linkage between loci in either species.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O Programa de Produção Sustentável de Óleo de Palma (PSOP) e o campesinato amazônico: o caso do município do Acará/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-07-13) SILVA, Renata Novaes da; COSTA, Francisco de Assis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1820238947667908
In the state of Pará, the palm culture has shown high annual growth rates from 1990 to 2012 the state has achieved an average annual production growth rate of 5%. This expansion of palm oil in the Amazon is due to the Federal Sustainable Production Program of Oil Palm (PSOP), created to foster and direct the production of palm oil in the region. Given the importance that the peasantry has and the expansion of palm oil in the region, aims to evaluate the impact that the PSOP is causing the Trajectory Camponesa.T1 the municipality of Acará and if, perchance, resulted in a change in the peculiar logic of productive local farmer. As a result the research concludes that there is evidence that the PSOP may impact the technological trajectory of Acará county T1, promoting a process of replacing the activities developed by the peasant. The lack of official data and studies related to the evaluation of PSOP impacts highlight the need for studies of this theme as a way to support the most appropriate public policy development to the Amazon region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Sazonalidade climática regional e a produção dos frutos de açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) no estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-05-26) DIAS, Thaiane Soeiro da Silva; SOUZA, Everaldo Barreiros de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6257794694839685
At the present work were analyzed the relationship between the regional climatic seasonality and the production of açaí fruits representative of 30 cities of Para during a period of 9 years (2003 to 2011). The analysis of correlations confirmed that the standard of precipitation, temperature and humidity interfere on the productivity of açaí fruits in this region, such as the regime of rainy period (months of December to may) associate itself to the low productivity of açaí fruits, while the regime of dry period (June to November) relates with high productivity of açaí fruits. Moreover, it was investigated the impacts of climate changes on açaí fruits production taking into account the future scenarios of regional clime. Throughout the results of a regression model using as predict variables the precipitation, temperature and humidity provided by global model HadGEM2 of IPCC, it is demonstrated that the quantity of açaí fruits(Kg/ha) does not go suffer significative changes in the next 20 years(2013 to 2032).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Uso dos recursos naturais e sazonalidade no estuário amazônico: estratégias e gestão dos produtores de açaí
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-03-07) SOLIS, Karol Natalie Lavado; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279
The dissertation includes a socio-economic and ecological-environmental perspective in order to identify and understand the answers found by the producers of açaí to improve the way of life to social, natural, and environmental disturbances in the Amazon estuary ecosystem. The research was conducted in five communities in the Islands Abaetetuba, Pará - Brazil. The sample was obtained by the technique of snowball, and consisted of 120 riverine families. The various procedures (right observation, semi-structured and open interviews, information sheets daily production activities, and development of eco-seasonal calendar), were used to support the analysis, which focused on analyzing the economic strategies of uses natural resources by producers of açaí as adaptive response to seasonal ecosystem. The data reveal that the exploitation and sale of açaí fruits (78%) are the main economic activities of the estuarine floodplain, followed by fishing livelihoods activities (fish: 64% shrimp and 63%), and the extraction of Buriti (36%), which are considered complementary activities in the coastal economy. Situation that at risk by intensifying the cultivation of açaí and tendency to monoculture of the palm and services changing the diversity of the estuarine ecosystem. But these activities are not, however, developed in isolation, but are part of a complex and integrated system of production and diverse use of natural resources, in view of generating more income for families. By adaptation (resilience) generated from living with the changes or environmental and economic (intensification of cultivation of açaí, increasing temperatures, intensification of rainfall, air and water pollution), the disruption strategy of diversifying economic activities will allow riparians have higher annual gross income and improve the quality of ecosystem services (good local climate regulation, increased production of nutrients to the soil, and have higher carbon stocks).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Variação espaço temporal da comunidade zooplanctônica em viveiros de cultivo de camarão branco, Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931), no município Curuçá, Pará-Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-04-04) NASCIMENTO, Atilla Melo do; PAIVA, Rosildo Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0510818763187669