Navegando por Assunto "Culturante"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos da Magnitude de Consequências Individuais e Culturais sobre a Seleção de Culturantes de Autocontrole Ético
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-07-17) SILVA, Bruno Rodrigues da; TOURINHO, Emmanuel Zagury; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5960137946576592
Metacontingencies relate to the contingent relationship between culturants (which includes interlocking behavioral contingencies and their aggregate products) and cultural consequences. Among the studies that have recently given empirical support to the concept of metacontingencies, are those that investigate the concurrence between individual and cultural contingencies under the notion of ethical self-control. Previous studies have evaluated the effect of increasing the magnitude of cultural consequence or individual consequence separately on cultural selection in concurrence contexts. However, no study has manipulated the magnitude of individual and cultural consequences together. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the simultaneous manipulation of the magnitude of the individual and cultural consequences on the selection of culturants and individual responses of the participants in two microcultures. For this, a task involving a colored matrix of 10 rows (numbered from 1 to 10) and 10 columns (tagged with letters from "A" to "J") was used. The data collection was carried out with 2 groups (microcultures) of 3 college students. During the data collection with each microculture, each participant at a time selected a row from the matrix and received feedback from the experimenter about his or her choice. Choices on odd (impulsive) rows produced greater consequences for the individual while choices on even (self-controlled) rows produced lesser individual consequences, which, however, were correlated with the possibility of producing cultural consequences, when all 3 participants chose different color rows. During the experiment, the consequences varied so that as the magnitude of the individual impulsive consequence increased, the magnitude of the cultural consequence diminished and vice versa. The results indicated little influence of the variation of the magnitude of the consequences programmed in the experiment on the acquisition and maintenance of the culturantes and on the alteration of the pattern of the participants' choices in favor of the cultural or operant selection. New studies, with changes in the procedure, could better assess the influence of magnitude of consequences on the behavior of individuals in a group.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos de consequências verbais culturais e de suporte sobre a seleção e manutenção de culturantes
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-07-14) BISPO, Gehazi Ramiris dos Santos; TOURINHO, Emmanuel Zagury; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5960137946576592
Recent empirical evidence suggests a facilitating role of verbal variables on cultural selection. However, most of the data are still inconclusive or do not demonstrate the isolated effects of the direct manipulation of verbal variables, functioning as operant and cultural consequences, on the selection of culturants. In this sense, the objective of this study was to compare the differential effects of cultural and operant verbal consequences on the selection and maintenance of culturants, in the presence and absence of nonverbal cultural consequences in two laboratory microcultures using an analog of single subject ABCBCA experimental design. The results showed that the verbal operant consequences are inefficient in cultural selection once compared to the cultural consequences. When cultural, the difference in effect between verbal and non-verbal consequences is low. When cultural verbal and non-verbal consequences are combined, cultural selection is more effective.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos do reforçamento negativo sobre a recorrência de culturantes em microculturas de laboratório
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-02-21) ALVES, Luiz Felipe Costa; CARVALHO NETO, Marcus Bentes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7613198431695463
Behavior Analysis has advanced in the study of metacontingency relations to explain cultural phenomena. Despite the frequent use of aversive control in everyday cultural practices, data from the few analytic-behavioral studies that address the cultural phenomena in the laboratory and their relationship to aversive stimulation are still preliminary and inconsistent. Studies that seek to verify relations between cultural phenomena and aversive control, using experimental metacontingency analogues, can be valuable for the consolidation of this field of research and for the understanding of important portions of real social relations. In this sense, the present study had as objective to verify the effects of the application of negative reinforcement on the recurrence of culturantes in microcultures of laboratory. Two laboratory microcultures of 3 participants were exposed to an ABAB and BABA design, respectively. The task consisted of line choices in a 10x10 matrix, with colored lines numbered from 1 to 10. The choice of odd rows throughout the procedure produced an individual token (individual consequence) exchangeable for money, and the target culturant was the choice of different colored lines, which avoided the loss of tokens equivalent to school items to be donated to a public school (cultural consequence). The data suggest the selection of a culturante as a result of a negative reinforcement procedure. In addition, the two microcultures were affected in different ways by contacting the metacontingency. One had the production of individual consequences reduced after contacting the metacontingency, and the other maintained the production of individual consequences throughout the experimental session. This variation may indicate the possibility of elaborating a procedure in which to measure independent individual responses in a study of cultural phenomena becomes unnecessary. Although the literature points to a possible difference in the effect of positive and negative reinforcement on culturist selection, no evidence was found in the present study. However, since the present study dealt only with culturant selection, it is suggested to use the current procedure as the initial stage of studies that seek to explore culturant transmission using a cultural negative reinforcement analogue.