Navegando por Assunto "Danos socioambientais"

Agora exibindo 1 - 3 de 3

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agro não é tudo: a expansão da monocultura da soja sobre os territórios quilombolas na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-08-09) DIAS, Gustavo Francesco de Morais; RAVENA, Nírvia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0486445417640290
The Amazon biome has undergone intense transformations in the last two decades, primarily due to the advancement of agriculture. In this regard, the current Federal Constitution recognizes quilombola communities as cultural groups with the right to the demarcation of their lands. However, in the Amazon, this right has been threatened by the expansion of agribusiness. Therefore, the research question of this thesis is how the dynamics of land use and land cover affect the territories belonging to traditional populations and conservation units. Additionally, the influences of the Brazilian Forest Code (CFB), Soy Moratorium, and Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) on the expansion of soybean cultivation in the region were investigated. This study focused on the municipalities of Belterra, Mojuí dos Campos, and Santarém-PA, in the state of Pará, Brazil. In addition to the municipalities, the Tapajós National Forest (FNT) and the quilombos (traditional Afro-Brazilian communities) present in the municipality of Santarém were also analyzed, including Murumurutuba, Bom Jardim, Maria Valentina, Arapemã, Tiningu, and Murumuru. Mapbiomas data from the period 2000 to 2019 were used for the analysis of the region's images. The Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) Framework and Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) methodologies were employed to describe the interaction among the actors involved in the expansion of soybean production in the Santarém Plateau region. Fuzzy Logic was used to describe the data derived from questionnaires, interviews, and secondary sources. The analyses conducted revealed significant deforestation in the municipalities of Mojuí dos Campos and Belterra due to the expansion of soybean production and pasture, which has increased exponentially in recent years. In addition, inconsistencies were observed between the Forest Code and the soy moratorium, allowing producers to advance with soybean production in the Amazon. Furthermore, it was observed that the expansion of soybean cultivation is driven by a series of public and private investments in infrastructure, particularly in road and highway construction, port development, and subsidies to large-scale farmers. In the Santarém Plateau region, it was observed that quilombola communities face difficulties related to access to public health services, infrastructure, and lack of state support. The study identified an expansion of soybean cultivation within and near quilombola communities starting in 2014, which raises concerns among these peoples regarding the preservation of their territories, way of life, and the increasing damage to local natural resources. It was also identified that forest and soybean variables are necessary conditions to explain changes in land use and land cover concerning traditional populations. Therefore, only when analyzed together are they sufficient to explain the phenomenon, meaning that improvements in forest and soybean conditions are necessary to prevent damages resulting from changes in land use and land cover on the quilombola populations in the Santarém region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Grandes projetos urbanos e mobilidade na Amazônia: danos socioambientais do BRT (Bus Rapid Transport) da Augusto Montenegro e a repercussão da política pública de mobilidade urbana, Belém/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-01-18) BORRALHO, Jéssica Anire Abdoral; VASCONCELLOS SOBRINHO, Mário; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7843288526039148; FARIAS, André Luís Assunção de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5310171409459863
The study addresses the socio-environmental damages of the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) work of Augusto Montenegro, Belém-PA, capable of affecting the economic, social and environmental development of the metropolis Belém. The research aims to expose a new look at socio-environmental damage, expand the debate on the impacts of large urban mobility projects and contribute to academia, public management and society. Given the above, the general objective of the research is to understand what are the socio-environmental damages of the Augusto Montenegro BRT and how they relate to the issue of urban mobility in the metropolis of Belém. The study involves an approach to political ecology under the eyes of Little, Muniz and Leff, and from this focus, the understanding of the concepts of socio-environmental damage in large urban projects and the importance of sustainability in these undertakings. To make the research viable, the methodological procedures were based on bibliographical and documental survey, direct observation technique for data collection and application of a semi- structured interview model applied to public authorities, group representatives and BRT users. From the results obtained, it was noticed that urban mobility in the RMB is precarious and that the BRT does not serve the large mass of public transport users. And finally, it was concluded that the BRT was not an urban mobility solution, as intended, for the city of Belém and its socio-environmental damages affected and still affect the population and the environment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O Karaí chegou: estudo de caso dos efeitos socioambientais resultantes da ineficácia das ações/programas de mitigação da UHE Belo Monte na Terra Indígena Cachoeira Seca
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-02-22) TRINDADE, Bruna dos Santos; BRITO, Juarez Carlos Pezzuti; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3852277891994862; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5409-8336
The construction of the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant (HPP) was presented as a solution to the energy crises of 2001, aiming to boost national economic growth. This study examines the socio-environmental damages caused by the HPP in the Kujubim Village, located in the Cachoeira Seca Indigenous Land, in the Iriri River, within the Xingu Basin. Although the HPP was inaugurated in 2016, its adverse socio-environmental impacts on the Médio Xingu region have been largely overlooked in favor of economic gains since the inception of its studies to the present day.Among the main damages is the significant reduction in the Xingu River’s flow due to the damming and diversion at Volta Grande, which has generated territorial pressures harmful to indigenous communities. The so-called "Consensus Hydrogram," whose term "consensus" exists only in its name, was introduced as a compensatory measure to artificially replicate the seasonal pulse of floods and droughts in the river. However, as with other mitigation plans, this measure was not discussed with indigenous populations, highlighting failures in the process of prior consultation and respect for self-determination (Pezzuti et al., 2018). Moreover, the implementation of mitigation plans, such as the Basic Environmental Plan for the Indigenous Component (PBA-CI), was carried out without the proper participation of indigenous peoples, exacerbating issues such as increasing territorial pressure on Indigenous Lands, including Cachoeira Seca, Trincheira Bacajá, and Apyterewa. This study focuses on the ineffectiveness of the Indigenous Territorial Management Program (PGTI), a component of the PBA-CI, and how its poor implementation has contributed to worsening socio-environmental damages in Kujubim Village, inhabited by the Xipaia and Kuruaya peoples (Xipai and Kiriwai). The research seeks to answer the following question: how does the implementation of the PBA-CI and the strategy of demobilizing indigenous peoples through ineffective compensatory measures impact the territorial and socio environmental rights of the Kujubim Village? To address this question, the study adopts a case study methodology based on Robert Yin’s guidelines, using a qualitative approach. The research includes a bibliographic review, analysis of legal and technical documents, dialogues with indigenous peoples from the Médio Xingu, and participant observation. The objective is to deepen the understanding of the complex interactions between economic development, environmental preservation, and indigenous rights, highlighting the challenges associated with the ineffectiveness of mitigation programs.