Navegando por Assunto "Deforestation"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Amazônia ameaçada: análise do discurso jornalístico nos portais de notícias O Liberal.com – PA e A Crítica – AM sobre desmatamento e queimadas no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-07-26) MANGAS, Laiza Monik de Oliveira; COSTA, Luciana Miranda
The year 2020 was marked by the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic and the increase in deforestation and fires in Brazilian Amazon. Data from Inpe (2020) recorded 10,312, 88 km2 of consolidated deforestation in the region, in addition to 103,161 outbreaks of fires during that year. Months of August and September were the ones with the highest rate of fires and the states of Pará, Mato Grosso and Amazonas accounted for 70% of deforestation. Meanwhile, "the herd passed" [a figure of speech refering to Ricardo Salles speech] with the approval of 593 acts by the federal government related to changes in rules on environmental protection in Brazil (OBSERVATÓRIO DO CLIMA, 2021). Amid the health, political and environmental crisis, journalism played an important role in providing information to population (CASERO-RIPOLLÉS, 2020). In this context, this research analyzes how was the coverage on deforestation and burning in two of the main news portals of the North region of the country: “O Liberal.com – PA” and “A Crítica – AM”, during the month of September 2020, considering the pandemic period and its adversities. The main theoretical and methodological framework chosen was the Critical Discourse Analysis - CDA (FAIRCLOUGH, 2001). Through the analysis of the newspapers it can be concluded that Jair Bolsonaro government, in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, managed to occupy a privileged space in the publications, with a speech aimed at alleviating the problems in the Amazon and widely reproduced by the two newspapers without significant counterpoints. Justifications that attributed deforestation and burning to the climate itself in Amazon and to agricultural activities traditionally carried out by rural, indigenous and quilombola communities were used. In addition, the credibility of scientific data on the subject disclosed by institutions such as the National Institute for Space Research - INPE was questioned.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Amazônia ameaçada: análise do discurso jornalístico nos portais de notícias O Liberal.com – PA e A Crítica – AM sobre desmatamento e queimadas no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-07-26) MANGAS, Laiza Monik de Oliveira; COSTA, Luciana Miranda; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1310961057480638; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3843-4499
The year 2020 was marked by the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic and the increase in deforestation and fires in Brazilian Amazon. Data from Inpe (2020) recorded 10,312, 88 km² of consolidated deforestation in the region, in addition to 103,161 outbreaks of fires during that year. Months of August and September were the ones with the highest rate of fires and the states of Pará, Mato Grosso and Amazonas accounted for 70% of deforestation. Meanwhile, "the herd passed" [a figure of speech refering to Ricardo Salles speech] with the approval of 593 acts by the federal government related to changes in rules on environmental protection in Brazil (OBSERVATÓRIO DO CLIMA, 2021). Amid the health, political and environmental crisis, journalism played an important role in providing information to population (CASERORIPOLLÉS, 2020). In this context, this research analyzes how was the coverage on deforestation and burning in two of the main news portals of the North region of the country: “O Liberal.com – PA” and “A Crítica – AM”, during the month of September 2020, considering the pandemic period and its adversities. The main theoretical and methodological framework chosen was the Critical Discourse Analysis - CDA (FAIRCLOUGH, 2001). Through the analysis of the newspapers it can be concluded that Jair Bolsonaro government, in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, managed to occupy a privileged space in the publications, with a speech aimed at alleviating the problems in the Amazon and widely reproduced by the two newspapers without significant counterpoints. Justifications that attributed deforestation and burning to the climate itself in Amazon and to agricultural activities traditionally carried out by rural, indigenous and quilombola communities were used. In addition, the credibility of scientific data on the subject disclosed by institutions such as the National Institute for Space Research - INPE was questioned.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da dinâmica da transição do regime de fogo na Amazônia brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-06-21) TAVARES, Paulo Amador; FERREIRA, Joice Nunes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1679725851734904; BARLOW, Bernard Josiah; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8559847571278134
The Amazon biome has undergone significant changes in land use and land cover, and it is also being affected by global climate change. Consequently, the fire occurrence has become more frequent in the Amazon. Therefore, it is important to understand how the fire regime in this region occurs and its interactions with land use and climate. For these reasons, this study analyses the fire transition in the Brazilian Amazon. In Chapter 1, we investigated the temporal fire transition in the Brazilian Amazon, considering changes in land use and forest cover. We collected annual data on fire occurrence, forest cover, deforestation rates, and soybean cultivation areas. Generalized linear mixed models and linear models were used to analyse the data and identify the key factors influencing this transition. We found that there is a fire transition process in the forest, and a quadratic model provided a better prediction of fire occurrence behaviour. Furthermore, the peak of fire occurrence is shifting towards more forested landscapes over time. Deforestation rates and the expansion of cultivation areas were found to be related to this transition, with deforestation having a greater impact on fire occurrence and cultivation expansion being more relevant in predicting the transition to more forested areas. In Chapter 2, we investigated the fire transition in forest landscapes of the Brazilian Amazon, aiming to understand how this transition occurs and which variables best explain the process. We used Latent Trajectory Analysis (LTA) and generalized linear mixed models to identify latent trajectories representing different patterns of land use over time. Two main latent trajectories were identified: the "Consolidated" trajectory, characterized by a longer history of deforestation, and the "Transition" trajectory, characterized by a more recent land occupation pattern. Forest cover and deforestation were the main predictors of forest fires in both trajectories, followed by water deficit. Mechanized agriculture did not show significant influence on either trajectory. An increase in burned forest areas was observed from 2015 onwards in both trajectories. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of the fire transition in the Brazilian Amazon and its relationship with land use changes and forest cover. They underscore the need to develop public policies that strengthen forest cover through initiatives like forest restoration and reduce deforestation in the Amazon region to ensure biodiversity conservation and carbon stocks.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aplicação de fanets e ca-markov para captura de imagens para o estudo de uso e cobertura da terra em projetos de assentamentos na amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-12-06) SOUZA, Jorge Antonio Moraes de; FRANCÊS, Carlos Renato Lisboa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7458287841862567
Projetos de assentamentos de reforma agrária são uma das medidas adotadas pelo governo na tentativa de criar um relacionamento sustentável com a natureza. Como a área de assentamentos cobre mais de 77.483.317,86 hectares da Amazônia Legal, é essencial compreender as causas da degradação ambiental desses espaços. Isto posto, foram utilizados, de forma combinada, cadeias de Markov e autômatos celulares (CA-Markov) para, a partir de duas imagens classificadas, prever cenários de mudanças no uso e cobertura da terra (LULC). Esta tese apresenta uma metodologia inovadora que difere daquelas usualmente utilizadas em CA-Markov, pois os aspectos de tempo e espaço são observados pela cadeia de Markov e servem como base para a função de transição do autômato celular (CA). A metodologia também contempla a aquisição de imagens, nesse sentido, como a região de interesse permanece, em boa parte do ano, com uma cobertura de nuvens significativa, a obtenção de imagens por sensores ópticos, fica prejudicada, por conta disso, foi imperativa a busca por uma alternativa. As Flying Ad-hoc Networks (FANETs) podem ser utilizadas para complementar informações da região de estudo, capturando imagens de alta qualidade, sem o inconveniente das nuvens. Por outro lado, os nós da rede precisam manter, pelo maior tempo possível, a conexão entre eles, o que é dificultado pela mobilidade e autonomia de voo dos drones. Por esse motivo, é imprescindível a utilização de um protocolo de roteamento que seja capaz de adaptar-se à dinâmica da rede. Além disso, também foi desenvolvido um algoritmo de roteamento baseado em sistema Fuzzy. Testes e simulações foram realizadas com o intuito de validar tanto a metodologia geral MAPS, quanto o protocolo de roteamento.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Classificação de regiões de desmatamento via imagens do satélite landsat no nordeste do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-12-18) CANAVIEIRA, Luena Ossana; COSTA, João Crisóstomo Weyl Albuquerque; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9622051867672434
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Crédito e pecuária bovina leiteira em assentamentos da reforma agrária em Marabá-Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-02-29) PEREIRA, Taynã Zandely da Silva; MARTINS, Paulo Fernando da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3223618156268542
The agrarian changes occurred in the Amazon region after the settlements and programs creation to support family farmers deserve to be addressed, especially the implications they have in the expansion of pastures and increased deforestation on the one hand, and the expectation that these changes may influence farmers to stay in the same area keeping their production systems. This work presents research results of two settlements of Agrarian Reform located in the town of Maraba-Para at different historical contexts. Relationships between rural credits, implantation of pasture and cattle activity were analyzes. It also evaluates the current situation and prospects of farmers who develop this activity remain on their lots. Uses observation in loco, surveys and interweaver and statistical comparisons to compare groups of establishments with and without credit, with or without the sale of milk, and to assess the differences between indicators of deployment pasture and livestock activities to identify which variables best justify the progress of implementation of pastures as well as of production, productivity and the sale of milk. The increase of pastures implantation is more closely linked to size farm and the time elapsed from first implantation of pasture and less of the credit, but milk production is higher when credit is present. The expansion of livestock by establishment of agrarian reform is hampered by the extensive form of development of this activity, which weakens the perspective of farmers remain on their lots with implications with advancement upon new forested areas and the rural exodus.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desmatamento na Amazônia e a atuação do Ministério Público Federal: análise da eficácia jurídica do projeto Amazônia protege no estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-06-06) GOMES, Márcio Nunes; BENATTI, José Heder; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6884704999022918
This research deals with the role of the Federal Public Ministry of Pará in combating irregular deforestation in the Amazon from 2016 to 2022 within the scope of the Amazônia Protege Project. Launched by the Federal Public Ministry (MPF) in 2017, with the objective of combating the illegal deforestation that occurred from 2016 and curbing other illegal activities in the Brazilian Amazon, the Amazônia Protege Project (PAP) involves a series of actions, including investigations, operations inspection and cooperation with other government agencies. Therefore, it is a case study, focusing on examining the Project, the proposed actions, the procedures used, verifying whether there is legal effectiveness in the results achieved by December 2022 and its relationship with climate litigation. From this study, a consistent and systematic Diagnostic Report was presented at the end with a proposal for improvements regarding the PAP of the Federal Public Ministry. The fight against irregular deforestation in the Amazon by the Amazônia Protege Project brings with it the ideas of sustainable exploration, more effective environmental inspection, and changes in paradigms in the legal field. The aim is to assess whether the Project contributes to reducing deforestation and whether it can be seen as strategic environmental litigation. A descriptive case study is adopted as a methodology, defining the sampling used, that is, the MPF database of processes related to Amazônia Protege, from 2016 to 2022 in the state of Pará, with preparation and collection of primary data, compilation bibliographical information, analysis of the result of the actions until December 2022 with presentation of the intervention report, relating cause and effect between the propositions discovered, issuing suggestions or recommendations that may contribute to greater legal effectiveness and emphasizing practices that deal with the promotion of initiatives aimed at the sustainable balance of the environment, thus guaranteeing the observance of an exploration model whose thesis is to prove that the best solution for everyone is still to maintain the preservation of the Amazon forest.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dinâmica do desmatamento no município de Óbidos (PA) e o estudo da gestão do Programa Municípios Verdes (PMV)
(Centro Universitário Augusto Motta, 2019-06) AIRES, Alana Paula de Araújo; CARVALHO, André Cutrim; NUNES, Silvia Ferreira; RAVENA, Nírvea
The research aims to carry out a preliminary analysis on the socio-environmental and economic transformations that occurred in the municipality of Óbidos, in the State of Pará. Since natural resources are of great importance and their use requires planning and use of local public policies at the moment of managing these resources and use them in the best way, both to generate income for the population that resides in the region, and to preserve them. However, in recent years inadequate planning for extraction of these resources has not been carried out successfully and with due parsimony with the environment. This ends up generating a very high commitment of the natural resources with drastic consequences for the environment and for the development of the State. On the other hand, the economic and disorderly growth in border regions as the study municipality, continues being the main causes of deforestation. The objective of this article is to identify the deforestation process, as well as the link with deforestation and the importance of the institutions in the region of Pará and the municipality of Óbidos. The research will discuss the local public policies used to combat deforestation in the region, considering the needs and the preposition of alternatives capable of offering improvements in the current population of that region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Expansão da fronteira agropecuária e a dinâmica do desmatamento na Amazônia Paraense
(Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 2012-05-07) CARVALHO, André Cutrim; SERRA, Maurício Aguiar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3104705715455973; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5643-425X
This PhD thesis proposes to investigate theoretically and discuss the main factors responsible for the dynamics of deforestation in the Amazon forest in Pará, in the interests of approach through the New Institutional Economics. The basic hypothesis of this thesis is that the expansion of the agricultural frontier is the conductive element of the phenomenon of deforestation in the Amazon forest in Pará, and this advancing agricultural frontier bears are also other factors that are directly linked to the advance of capitalist economic progress, such as: cresimento economic (GDP), construction of roads, increase of cattle, concentrated land ownership, speculation about the price of land, rural credit institutions, governance mechanisms, among others. However, the main activity causing deforestation in the Amazon forest in Pará is the beef cattle in extensive farming.. In this context, spatial econometrics is an extremely important tool to measure, from the results obtained in the spatial econometric model, the effects of deforestation in the Amazon forest has led to Para, and the specificity of each one, drawing a historical-institutionalist arguments to support the empirical. The period chosen for the econometric analysis covers the years 2000 and 2008 due to the high rate of deforestation in the Amazon forest in Pará
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Forest deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon states and its impacts on natural resources: construction of statistical-econometric panel model for 2000-2018
(Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2020) CARVALHO, André Cutrim; CARVALHO, David Ferreira; AIRES, Alana Paula de Araújo
In Brazil, deforestation in the Amazon is the main factor which is responsible for the destruction of natural resources and environment degradation. Economic growth and improving income distribution, for example, contribute to an increased demand for land and to the expansion of livestock production. Thus, in order to analyze the effects of economic growth and income distribution on natural resources, first it is necessary to distinguish the dynamics of the economic growth (whether slow or accelerated); and second, it is essential to know the form in which economic growth is taking place: whether through the extensive absorption of using factors of production; or whether through intense absorption with an increase in the productivity of the factors of production due to technical innovations; and third, the fact that the economy grows in a finite ecosystem implies an increase in opportunity costs. The effect of deforestation ultimately affects economic productivity and also provokes other ecological and socioeconomic disruptions. The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of deforestation on the natural resources of the area known as Legal Amazon, during the period 2000-2018. For this, statistical-econometric instruments from panel modeling have been used. The central conclusion is that the main regressors associated with the rate of deforestation in the surveyed states continue to be the significant causes of this problem throughout the region. Thus, it is assumed that deforestation in the Amazon is, in fact, the main factor responsible for the destruction of natural resources. However, it cannot be denied that extensive livestock production continues to be the main activity responsible for the significant increase in deforestation in the region.
Desconhecido
Impactos socioambientais atuais e de mudanças futuras na hidroclimatologia da bacia do rio Tapajós na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-06-09) SODRÉ, Vânia dos Santos Franco; SOUZA, Everaldo Barreiros de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6257794694839685; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6045-0984; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0594-0187
The intensification of land use and land cover has been increasing environmental and climatic problems in the Amazonian sub-basins, especially in the Tapajos River basin, which is important not only for the region, but for the whole country in terms of economic and socio-environmental issues. This research evaluated the increasing pressure imposed on the Tapajos River basin from the unsustainable use of water resources, deforestation on meteorological variables and the future hydroclimatology of the basin for the next 30 and 60 years. On the water issue, significant environmental impacts were observed in the Upper and Middle Tapajos, where unsustainable uses of water resources were identified from the various sectors of the economy, with emphasis on the increase in the number of industries and hydroelectric plants. Conversely, in the Lower Tapajos region there are still significant portions of conserved vegetation cover, which are essential for favoring evapotranspiration and, consequently, cloud formation, but an increase in the unsustainable use of water resources was observed in the region. In the relationship between deforestation and climate, it was noted the existence of correlations between deforestation rates and positive variations in temperature in the Middle Lower Tapajos region. However, no significant variations in precipitation were observed, but there is a slight negative trend (reduction), corroborating the anomaly and trend studies. In the future hydroclimatology, the results showed that the future impacts of climate change on precipitation and elevation measures, both for a more proximate climate (2021-2050) and for a climate at the end of the century (2051-2080), taking into account the moderate and pessimistic scenarios. It was also noted that there will be changes in the frequency of maximum and minimum extremes of precipitation and quota, especially in the regions of the Middle Lower Tapajos, being more sensitive to these changes at the Itaituba station.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A ocorrência de malária em quatro municípios do estado do Pará, de 1988 a 2005, e sua relação com o desmatamento
(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2012-03) PARENTE, Andressa Tavares; SOUZA, Everaldo Barreiros de; RIBEIRO, João Batista Miranda
The purpose of this paper is to study occurrence of malaria in four different regions of the state of Pará and its possible relationships with deforestation rates. A retrospective study using secondary data from 1988 to 2005, using malaria incidence records reported in four cities in the state (Anajás, Itaituba, Santana do Araguaia and Viseu), as well as deforestation rates provided by the PRODES-INPE. The quantiles method was applied to establish five categories or classes of malaria incidence for each city, and a state IPA was generated with the contributions of these cities. From 1988 to 1994, the curves of incidence of malaria follow deforestation rates. From 1995, there are consecutive years of high incidence levels after years of high deforestation rates, as registered in 1995, 2000 and 2004. It was noticed that after periods of intense deforestation the occurrence of malaria presented an incidence pattern between high and very high, suggesting that deforestation may be a factor in maintaining and increasing the number of cases in the state of Pará.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Uso de caixas-ninho pela fauna de vertebrados em relação às variáveis ambientais em um fragmento de Floresta Amazônica em Altamira-Pa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-07-27) BENTO, Silnara Carmo; GOMES, Felipe Bittioli Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0924023357753741
The Amazon rainforest is considered one of the largest remnants of tropical rainforest in the world, but the sharp exploitation of natural resources in the Amazon has caused a growing loss of biodiversity. These impacts have worryingly reached the fauna that depends on natural cavities present in alive or dead trees as spots for nesting, sheltering or foraging. To compensate the loss of environmental complexity, the use of nest boxes has been successfully used, especially forests of temperate regions, for diverse groups of vertebrates, from birds to mammals. For the Neotropical region, it is necessary to evaluate the efficiency of this environmental intervention through the experimentation and observation regarding the use of these nest boxes in relation to the environmental variables, being our goal to develop these observations in a fragment of Amazon forest in Pará. The study used 30 wooden nest boxes distributed along a RAPELD research module located in a forest fragment in the Xingu region of Altamira. Eight boxes were installed in transect One and 16 transect the Two, added six boxes along the stream. Four boxes per parcel were installed, two at the beginning and two at the end, one 1.5 m hight and the other with 5 m. in relation to the ground; the boxes installed along the stream were fixed with intercalated height (1,5 and 5 m) distanced 50 m each other. Environmental and spatial variables were measured: opening the canopy edge distance, and an average density of the surrounding DAP trees, distance and altitude stream. The Principal Components Analysis (PCA), were used to correlate the occurrence of bird, amphibians and reptiles species, and used to verify the relationship between the nesting site variables and locations in relation to the sampling sites. Seven boxes were occupied by vertebrates, all then as sheltering. Four were occupied by mammals (Didelphidae and Rodentia), two reptiles (Thecadatilus rapicauda) and one amphibian (Osteocephalus taurinus). Sampling covered the entire study area through the heterogeneous distribution of the artificial cavities, there was slight variation between the variables and the nest boxes (PCA - 39.50% explanation of the axes). There was no significant correlation, but a tendency of use for T. rapicauda to occupy boxes associated with the variables distance of the stream and altitude, and mammals with the variable vegetation cover. Different from other Brazilian studies there was low occupation of nest boxes, and our results were not substantial to determine the use of nest boxes for environmental enrichment in fragmented environmental fragments in the Amazon.