Navegando por Assunto "Dendezeiro"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
“Do dendê eu tenho medo até dos espinhos”: resistência cotidiana à integração à agroindústria do dendê pelos camponeses de Maçaranduba – Tomé-açu, Nordeste Paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016) SACRAMENTO, Noemi Diniz; GUERRA, Gutemberg Armando Diniz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4262726973211880
I've built this dissertation in order to analyze the daily forms of resistance to the integration into the agricultural industry of dende palm from the farmers of the colony Maçaranduba, municiplatiy of Tomé-Açú, northeast of Pará State. The daily forms of resistance are not usual subjects within researchs on resistance because they are subscribed in the daily life of the peasant societies that do not always allow the researchers to take them as object of analysis. Maçaranduba is geographically inserted in monoculture expansion zone of dende palm, where integration is a mechanism used by agribusinesses, to the expansion of areas planted with oil palm, supported by the creation of the National Program for Production and Use of Biodiesel (PNPB) and Sustainable Production program of Oil Palm (PSOP). As a result, assumed that individuos are not static, but develop justification, opinions and attribute meaning to their choices based on the projects that the family has and into the "fear" that integration might reduce the autonomy that are used to possess. I've used as a theoretical basis the reflections of James Scott, author that considers the daily life the place where the peasant resistance become plausible and real. The methodology was based on a case study, which allowed to understand how the subjects of Maçaranduba undertook the resistance to the integration, to design the data were applied thirty questionnaires whose organization of the questions focused on the knowledge of the families about the program and their positions about the integration, as well as interviews with key informants to understand local history and public agents involved in the debate. With the research I observed that the families elaborate their justifications for resistance from their everyday experiences, always thinking about productive projects that guarantee the family's permanence in the agricultural establishment, rejecting projects that take risks for the maintenance of future generations. I also observed that the families acquire knowledge about integration from an invisible network of information that they weave among the subjects that are part of their daily lives, among them are the families residing in nearby localities that have joined the project. Despite the resistance to integration, the peasants of Maçaranduba feel the reflexes of the expansion of oil palm plantations, through the application of agrochemicals in the nearby crops and in the modification of the landscape to which they were used to.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito do plantio de dendê sobre a diversidade funcional de aves na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-03-29) SILVA, Larissa Cardoso; SANTOS, Marcos Pérsio Dantas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7941154223198901
Oil palm plantations (Elaeis guineenses, Jacq.) are among the fastest growing agricultural practices in the world, and are among the most disturbing in the landscape in tropical regions and are known to affect species diversity. In this sense, we evaluated the functional diversity of birds in 11 points of palm plantation, 11 in permanent preservation areas (APP), which are portions of ciliary forest that includes the margins of water courses with a width of 10m to 30m of each Side of the stream, and 11 in adjacent forest fragments in the eastern Amazon. To evaluate the effect of palm plantations on the functional diversity (DF) of birds, three functional metrics, functional richness (FRic), functional evenness (FEve) and functional divergence (FDiv) were calculated. To test the response of functional characteristics to environmental conditions, we used RLQ ordering analysis. We recorded 269 bird species, 52 species recorded in palm plantations, 158 in APP and 203 in forest fragments. The FRic was lower in palm plantations when compared to APP and forest fragments. However, the APP did not differ from the forest fragments. Functional evenness did not differ between treatments and the functional divergence was shown to be higher in forest fragments compared to APP and palm. However, there was no difference between palm and APP. The RLQ analysis showed a relationship between traces and environmental variables. This decline in functional diversity shows that the loss of forest species has not been offset by the addition of new, disease tolerant species. We emphasize the importance of the maintenance and preservation of forest fragments and riparian forests (APP) in agricultural areas, and that this is a good conservation strategy within highly endangered regions, such as the Eastern Amazon.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efluxo de CO2 do solo em sistemas de produção de palma de óleo na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-02-21) COSTA, Alessa Nayhara Mendanha; VASCONCELOS, Steel Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0719395243841543
Tropical forest areas play an important role in the global carbon cycle. However, anthropogenic disturbances have altered the structure of the ecosystem and consequently imply in the carbon budget. To evaluate how changes in land use influence the efflux of CO2 from the soil (the main pathway of CO2 displacement in soil to atmosphere), it is possible to understand how the different types of vegetation affect the CO2 efflux of the soil, evaluating the variables that contribute to this process. A greater understanding of this influence motivates the study in different ecosystems, which seek to identify and develop practices that increase carbon stock and nutrient cycling, such as agroforestry systems (SAFs). Due to the expressive expansion of the oil palm in the Amazon region, the objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of CO2 efflux from the soil, as well as its control variables, in two oil palm production systems (conventional palm oil production systems and agroforestry systems with oil palm). The research was developed in the municipality of Tomé-Açu in areas of family farming and production. Soil CO2 efflux, soil temperature and soil gravimetric moisture were evaluated between March 2016 and November 2016. The stocks of fine roots and litter in the systems were evaluated in the period of higher precipitation (May) and lower precipitation (October). Soil CO2 efflux was higher in successional forest areas, intermediate in oil palm agroforestry systems, and lower in conventional palm oil systems. The CO2 efflux of the soil is sensitive to the "conversion" of forest areas into oil palm crops. The "soil metabolism" in the more diversified oil palm (SAF) system is more similar to that of the more ecologically integrated system (secondary forest).