Navegando por Assunto "Direitos das crianças"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Direitos humanos dos indígenas crianças: perspectivas para a construção da doutrina da proteção plural
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) OLIVEIRA, Assis da Costa; BELTRÃO, Jane Felipe; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6647582671406048
This study discusses the possibilities of inclusion the indigenous children in the juridical field of Human Rights. From the criticism of the way in which the childhood is constituted in the West and the perception of different conditions of social construction of the person, body and childhood among indigenous peoples, it produces indicative of problematization of the agenda of intercultural human rights in order to signal the relevance of the category person as the functional equivalent in intercultural dialogue to support of axiological inversion of indigenous children for children indigenous and possible repercussions of their rights. Afterwards, analysis of the political philosophies that ground the administration and the rights of children, with special highlight to the questioning of the limits of the Doctrine of Integral Protection regarding the treatment of cultural diversity, and propose complementary political philosophy called Doctrine of Plural Protection, founded on the principle of self-determination of the indigenous peoples and the values of equality, difference and protagonism. Discuss the trajectory of insertion of the debate about indigenous children in the Child and Adolescent Statutes (Law No. 8.069/1990), with specific considerations for Draft Bill No 295/2009, which seek to reflect on critical themes little discussed in the perspective of indigenous peoples and expansion necessary for children from the traditional peoples and communities.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Lixões nas cidades: o perverso encontro entre resíduos sólidos e crianças. O caso do lixão do bairro das Flores em Benevides, estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-12-12) BRAGA, Tatiana Brito Guimarães; SANTOS, Sônia Maria Simões Barbosa Magalhães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2136454393021407
Brazil adopted a new policy on solid waste management by Law 12.305/10. Among its strongest regulations and also the most difficult to achieve in practice is the mandatory determination to eradicate dumps in the country until 2014, since there are still irregular garbage dumps in more than half of municipalities. At those sites of social reproduction, the presence of people in a position of vulnerability is often recorded, especially of children, forced to live with accumulation of violations of various orders, despite already raised to the category of persons addressed by various national and international human rights protection instruments. This paper addresses the perverse encounter between solid waste and children, proposing to investigate the extent to which the end of dumps is configured as an effective mechanism for promoting human rights of children. This is a case study of the dump of District of Flowers in Benevides, a member of the Metropolitan city of Belém, Pará State, which initially points that the development models adopted in cities as well as consumption can be considered one of the factors that contributed to the present configuration of the issue of landfills in the country; it also brings examples of solid waste management in State of Pará, it discusses the relationship of dumps with the human rights of infants from its contemporary conception based on universality, indivisibility, and specificity; it calls for the achievement of these rights under the veil of principles of human dignity and social inclusion, as well as by respecting the right to development and to ecologically balanced environment. In this research were used qualitative techniques such as the observation of the site and its surroundings, semi-structured interviews, analysis of coverage of print and TV media, as well as obtaining photographic records. This set of techniques allowed the creation of an iconography of the landfill. In addition to the literature review it was studied relevant legislation, as well as the Public Civil Action proposed by State Prosecutor on the case. It was observed that the end of dumps, although probably not represent a goal liable to be achieved throughout the country until the deadline stipulated by the Law 12.305/10 (since it runs into issues ranging from global issue regarding the subject to the political challenges and policy management) should mean a decisive factor of change in lives of children living in this universe. It was concluded that the extinction of the District of Flores dump in the city of Benevides / PA and its transformation into a managed landfill meant an important mechanism of protection and assertion of some of the human rights of children in that place, by keeping them away, at first moment - critical, from risk and violation of rights which they were constantly exposed, especially the right not only to health but also to a balanced environment, and in a second stage, by bringing about real possibilities of other rights such as the right to development, and to prospect of decent future through integrated actions between the various actors involved.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Possibilidade jurídica de adoção por casais homoafetivos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) MARÇAL, Sílvia Silva Vargas; LOUREIRO, Violeta Refkalefsky; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3092799127943216
This research seeks to examine in detail the legal position of the recognition of homosexual rights deriving from their social interactions with their peers. Offering mainly aimed at addressing the feasibility of adoption by homosexual couples as an expression of respect for fundamental rights and guarantees of man and citizen and as unambiguously development and social inclusion. This is because not only recognizes the practical relations homoafetivas the character of a family unit - safeguarded by the principle of equality, as understand the Supreme Court (STF) in the ADI decision nº. 4277-DF, judged on 05 May 2011, which recognized unions as stable unions between persons of the same sex since met the legal requirements - like, likewise, contemplates and ensures the rights of children and adolescents a safe and healthy home environment, able to provide them with adequate physical, mental and moral.