Navegando por Assunto "Distillation"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Produção de biocombustíveis em diferentes escalas via craqueamento térmico catalítico de resíduos de caixa de gordura com catalisador Na2CO3
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-07-03) CORRÊA, Onésimo Amorim; BORGES, Luiz Eduardo Pizarro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8756886156388456; MACHADO, Nelio Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5698208558551065
This paper presents the residual fat taken from retaining grease traps as a potential feedstock for the production of alternative and renewable fuels. The residual oil was used as filler in experiments catalytic thermal cracking countertop units, Semi-pilot and pilot. Different levels of sodium carbonate (5%, 10% and 15%) were used as a catalyst in the catalytic thermal craqueamneto experiments. Organic liquids (PLO's) obtained in the cracking experiments were distilled in distillation units in bench and pilot scale. Distillation processes resulted in the development of hydrocarbon fractions in kerosene bands, light and heavy diesel. The PLO's with the green light and heavy diesel fractions were characterized according to the specifications established by the standard of ANP 65 for diesel S10. The green kerosene fractions were characterized according to the specifications established by the standard of ANP 37 for petroleum-based kerosene. The results showed that the PLO's had low values for the acid value, moreover, it was confirmed that the use of different percentages of catalyst ash in the three scales of production contributed to obtaining promising results in terms of yield and physico -chemical and compositional, indicating the efficiency of this basic catalyst. The results also showed that the fractions of green kerosene, heavy and light green diesel had low levels of free fatty acids, significant income and physical and chemical characteristics in line with their respective standards. The experiments using the percentage of 10% sodium carbonate as catalyst showed the highest incomes, lower levels of acidity and the best results of physicochemical and compositional characterization of all the tests in this study. The PLO produced using the level of 10% of sodium carbonate showed a total of 78.98% of hydrocarbons in the composition, while the green kerosene obtained after distillation of the same PLO showed 92.64% total hydrocarbons in its composition, these results were confirmed by analysis as FT-IR, RMN and GC-MS.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Simulação do processo de desacidificação do produto líquido orgânico do craqueamento termo catalítico de óleo de palma
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-07-02) SANTOS, André Luiz Bonelar dos; ARAÚJO, Marilena Emmi; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8983914018546682; MACHADO, Nelio Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5698208558551065
The suggested approach to lead this work aims at the simulation comparative analysis between two process routes, both able to be applied in the deacidification process and both responsible to adequate the Organic Liquid Product (OLP) acid obtained by the process of Thermocatalytic cracking of oil palm for separation of the fractions in derivatives step, in order to define which process performs the higher operational efficiency. To elaborate the process flow diagram it was used the process simulator ASPEN HYSYS Version 8.4, part of the package Aspen ONE from Aspen Technology. The analyzed cases were the liquid-liquid extraction and the fractional distillation. For the acidification process by liquid-liquid extraction the flow diagram was designed through three extraction stages in series, followed by two separator vessels and two distillation columns, one of them containing 10 theoretical plates for recovery of the hydrocarbons contained in the refined stream, and the other containing 05 theoretical plates to suit the acidity contained in the stream with high hydrocarbonets level to the limit set in the ANP standard. For the acidification process via fractional distillation it was designed a process flow diagram which consists of a column with 25 theoretical plates. In the simulation it was evaluated the impacts on yield and energy consumption of the process variations caused by the acidity of the feed stream, water content of the ethanol used as the solvent, number of plates of the column and energy recovery initiatives lost along the flow . In the simulated conditions, both processes have proven to be effective in the acidification process of the PLO, being obtained from the liquid-liquid extraction 80% and the fractional distillation 91% of the total acidity removal, however, the fractional distillation proved to be more effective for presenting an operating cost lower than the 34.1% obtained by liquid-liquid extraction.