Navegando por Assunto "Diversidade"

Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 25

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agrobiodiversidade e as relações de trocas entre agricultores familiares que possuem sistemas agroflorestais na região de Itabocal, Irituia (PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-04-30) SANTOS, Tasseli Figueiredo dos; STEWARD, Angela May; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6123114287861055
This research project deals withthe processes of local knowledge, seedlings and seeds exchange among family farmers and the influences of these processes on the advancement of Agroforestry Systems (SAFs) and local agrobiodiversity. The project aims to analyze the dynamics local knowledge, seedling and seed exchange among farmers who have SAFs in Itabocal (Irituia-PA) region and their influences on local agrobiodiversity. Data collection was based on field research, in which an exploratory study of the area was carried out and visits were made to family farmers; at this time semi-structured interviews and/or a semi-open-ended questionnaires were conducted and accompanied by a guided tour. Afterwards, a sketch of the study area was presented to the farmers for them to indicate exchange relationships. Research results are described in three topics: the first deals with SAFs and the dynamics of seed and/or seedling exchange, describing the process of the advance of SAFs in the region and the role of the D'Irituia cooperative in this process. In relation to the exchange of seedlings and/or seeds, research showed that there is an intense flow of these materials between farmers and also outside the region at the municipal level, occurring during farmers' fairs, when they visit neighbors or family members, and during meetings or gatherings of cooperative farmers. The second topic deals with local knowledge, exchange and its relationship with technical-scientific knowledge, revealing that local knowledge is formed by the accumulation of cultural experiences, specifically with years of work and learning from older subjects combined with technical-scientific knowledge obtained from institutions. Therefore, the exchange of knowledge occurs both between farmers and between technicians or researchers through orality, being important to understand solidarity and reciprocity as bases for improving planting and production. The third topic deals with local agro-biodiversity from the formation of SAFs, revealing a diversity of 81 (eighty-one) species distributed in 45 (forty-five) botanical families, 59.8% for food use and 24.4% for wood use. In this sense, the processes knowledge seedling and seed exchange are fundamental for the advance of the SAFs in the region and have contributed significantly to the maintenance and management of local agrobiodiversity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Artropodofauna associada a diferentes sistemas de cultivo de açaizeiro no nordeste paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-08-31) RIBEIRO, Suelem Moreira; LEMOS, Walkymário de Paulo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6841621785311887
The açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) is an important crop for Pará agribusiness for reaching new consumer markets in Brazil and in different countries. However, the growing commercial expansion that açaí has shown in recent years has reflected also in the significant increase in its acreage, which may result in the incidence of insect pests associated with these agroecosystems, thus requiring research actions focused on the alternative management and control of these biotic constraints. Simultaneously, new models of fruit crops have been tested successfully in the state of Pará, highlighting, among them, Agroforestry Systems (AFSs), aimed at increasing the number of crops (annual, permanent and / or forestry) implanted in an area. Among the benefits of AFSs stands out for its potential to maintain and multiply diversified beneficial entomofauna when compared to monocultures. Therefore, this study aimed to understand and compare the biodiversity of arthropods associated with the açaí palm in different cropping systems of the family farm in the northeast of Pará. It was analyzed three areas, two AFSs areas that had açaí palm as one of the main crops in the Marapanim town and an area of açaí monoculture, in the Igarapé-Açu town. In each area were implanted 45 Pitfall traps, which were equally distributed in three subareas: (a) near the açaí palm plants inside the plantation; (b) in the secondary forest around the crops; and (c) in the transition area between cultivation and secondary forest. Samples were collected into four distinct periods, one in the rainy season (CH), a transition period between the rainy and dry (CH / SE), one in the dry season (SE) and another collection corresponding to the transition period between dry and rainy (SE / CH). The insects biodiversity assessments were made in the soil (Pitfall traps). Arthropods (insect pests and natural enemies and spiders) collected in the field were stored in plastic containers (150 mL) containing 70% alcohol, and transported to the Entomology Laboratory of Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, where they were sorted, quantified and identified taxonomically . It was concluded that the periods of the year that most favor the presence of soil arthropods, regardless of crop fields, are the transition periods CH / SE and SE / CH. There was also a reduction in the population of ants in the three areas of secondary forest analyzed, and the gender Solenopsis (Westwood), Wasmannia (Forel) and Azteca (Forel) the most frequent in these areas. The area with açaí monoculture has a higher abundance of ants than the two AFSs analyzed. The spider family Lycosidae was found most frequently in this study, with the most abundant being Pacovosa gender. Agroforestry systems, if properly managed, form conducive environment for the arthropods species diversity like spiders and ants, which are admittedly efficient organisms in natural control of insect pests in crops. Transition periods grouped more individuals, followed by AFS area located in the Marapanim town, which represents the area most changed among the analyzed areas. Secondary forests are areas with smaller grouping of individuals and smaller gender diversity of ants and spiders.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação das comunidades de formigas em uma área de extração madeireira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1999-07-30) KETELHUT, Suzana Maria; HARADA, Ana Yoshi; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4410204692155098
This work presents a comparative study of ant fauna communities inhabiting in a primary tropical forest and two types of logging systems (Managed and Traditional) located in Paragominas, PA, Brazil. From each area, ants were sampled using pitfall traps (Majer & Delabie 1994) in six 200m transects separated from each other by 100m. Differences in ant fauna diversity in the three forest types were tested using índices of diversity (Shannon, Simpson and Fisher's Alpha) and richness estimates protocols (Colwell Coddington 1994). Species composition was evaluated through affinity analysis (Scheiner 1992) and indices of similarity (jaccard and Morisita-Horn). A total of 134 ant species belonging to seven subfamilies and 42 genera were identified in the entire area. From these, 90 species were found in Primary Forest, 90 in Managed logged forest and 84 in the Traditional logged Forest. Differences between habitats could be detected by comparing diversity and similarity indices in different transects/habitats. There were no differences in índices when absolute values were compared for each habitat. Results from richness estimate protocols indicate that ant fauna was similar between habitats and suggests that ant fauna diversity was underestimated. Periodic variations on pluviosity had a strong effect on diversity and richness estimates in the three forest types. The ant fauna composition was similar between habitats; however, a high mosaic diversity could be detected by using affinity analysis, suggesting that the ant community is composed of complex gradients. Thus differences in ant composition would be detectable at smaller scales.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação dos efeitos da plantação de palmas (Elaeis guineensis) na conservação de anuros na Amazônia oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-06-30) CORREA, Fabricio Simões; JUEN, Leandro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1369357248133029; COSTA, Maria Cristina dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1580962389416378
In this thesis, we analyzed the effects of oil palm cultivation (Elaeis guineensis) on taxonomic and functional diversity of anurans in the eastern Amazon. In addition, we analyzed the response of anurans to environmental variation in oil palm plantations and surrounding forests. We surveyed for the presence of anurans in April 2012, 2015 and 2016, in 2100 m² plots through visual and acoustic searches. In April 2016, we also measured microclimatic (air temperature and humidity) and habitat structural variables (water body width and depth, leaf litter depth, canopy openness and number of trees) in both habitat types. We found higher functional diversity and species richness in forests, with difference in species composition and functional characters distribution between forests and oil palm plantations. Water body depth and width positively affected species richness and number of individuals, while water body depth and diurnal temperature influenced species composition in oil palm plantations. Only number of individuals was positively affected by diurnal temperature and nocturnal humidity in forests, while species composition and richness were not affected by any environmental variable in this habitat type. Our results make clear that conversion of forests to oil palm plantations negatively affects anurans taxonomic and functional diversity, making urgent the maintenance of forests surrounding the plantations as a way to reduce the negative impacts.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avifauna do estado de Roraima: biogeografia e conservação
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005) SANTOS, Marcos Pérsio Dantas; SILVA, José Maria Cardoso da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6929517840401044
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Biodiversity of decapod crustaceans in the estuarine floodplain around the city of Belém (Pará) in Brazilian Amazonia
(2012-06) CAVALCANTE, Danielle Viveiros; SILVA, Bianca Bentes da; MARTINELLI-LEMOS, Jussara Moretto
The present study focused on the decapod fauna of the fluvial-estuarine environment of the Guajará Bay, in the Brazilian state of Pará, where specimens were collected monthly from six sites, from May 2006 to April 2007. A total of 6,793 specimens were captured, belonging to 11 species of crab and shrimp: eight palaemonids - Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862), Macrobrachium surinamicum Holthuis, 1948, Macrobrachium carcinus (Linnaeus, 1758), Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879), Macrobrachium spp. 1-4 -, one portunid - Callinectes bocourti A. Milne-Edwards, 1879 -, and two trichodactylids - Sylviocarcinus devileii H. Milne-Edwards, 1853 and Sylviocarcinus pictus (Milne-Edwards, 1853). While no significant differences were found in the ecological indices of diversity with respect to season, site, or trap size, a tendency for increased abundance and species richness was found during the dry season (August-November), in particular at some sites, apparently reflecting the influence of the estuary's saline wedge.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Composição e diversidade de serpentes em um mosaico de habitats no município de Urbano Santos, Maranhão
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003-04-15) LIMA, Jucivaldo Dias; GALATTI, Ulisses; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1040132527458660
This study presents results of a year of field observations on the snake fauna sampled in a habitat mosaic ecompassing flooded and non-flooded forest types, eucalyptus plantations and open vegetation areas, at Urbano Santos, Maranhão State of Brasil. The area is covered by Savanna vegetation and the climate is tropical megathermical, with annual rainfail around 1800mm. The yaer of study (2001) was drier than average rainfall (1197.5mm). Sample were made from January to December 2001, during 24 field trips, lasting for days each 15 day period. Sampling effort was 768h/oberver including diurnal and nocturnal visual search. Each habitat was sampled by randorn linear transect chosen by chance. During the study, 114 snakes belonging to six families, 27 genera and 32 species were captured. For each species data smout-vet length, ativity period, juvenile presence, spatial distribution and microhabitat are presented. Among the 32 species registred, six were new record for Maranhão State (Apostolepis cearensis, Helicops leopardinus, Oxyrhopus trigeminus, Psomophis joberti, Waglerophis merremíí e Micrurus ibiboboca). Among the species registered, 40.1% were arboreal, 25.0% were subterraneous, 21.9 % terrestrial and 12.5% aquatic, even though some species occupied more than one microhabitat. Most species occurred in flooded and non-flooded forests, and open vegetation areas. In general, similarity between habitats was low; only the non-flooded forest, and open vegetations areas shared more than 60% of species. Estimates of species richness according to various estimators, indicated that the number of species observed was lower than expected, varying between 38 (bootstrap) and 58 (Chao 2). Compementarity between the habitat showed more similarity between flooded and non-flooded forest to open vegetation area. The sanke fauna in the area appears to be most similar to that recorded from the Ceará State mountaing range. The results represent the first contribution to the knowledge of the snake diversity in the region and offer first data for future projects on monitoring snake fauna and habitat status in the area.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Conservação do Jaborandi (Pilocarpus microphyllusStapf Ex Wardleworth) no Norte do Brasil: diversidade genética e impactos das mudanças climáticas futuras
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-05-31) CORRÊA, Waléria Pereira Monteiro; CALDEIRA JUNIOR, Cecílio Frois; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4071467514868919; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4762-3515; SOUZA, Everaldo Barreiros de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6257794694839685; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6045-0984
Jaborandi (Pilocarpus microphyllus Stapf Ex Wardleworth) is a medicinal plant found in the north/northeast of Brazil. In recent decades, disordered extractive exploitation, the advance of agriculture and other activities that result in deforestation, as well as ongoing climate changes, have induced direct and indirect impacts on the survival of this plant species. Jaborandi is a natural source of pilocarpine, an alkaloid used in the pharmaceutical industry to treat glaucoma and xerostomia. Therefore, the species is socio-environmental interest because the extractivism of its leaves has generated financial income for countless families, in addition to contributing to the conservation of the species in the region. In order to contribute to long-term conservation and survival strategies for the species, this study evaluated the structure and genetic diversity of the species P. microphyllus in a Conservation Unit (UC) in southeastern Pará (FLONA Carajás), as well as an environmental modeling study was developed to analyze the impacts of climate change on the geographic distribution of occurrence of jaborandi, in order to delineate suitable areas according to future climate scenarios. The results of the genetic study demonstrated the formation of 04 populations with high diversity and ecological structure, even with continuous extractivism within the Carajás FLONA, indicating that exploration has been taking place in a sustainable manner in the region. In the modeling study, the projections indicated impacts of climate change on the distribution of P. microphyllus with a reduction in suitable areas in the Cerrado and Caatinga biomes (Maranhão and Piauí) and expansion of the species in the protected areas of forest cover of the Amazon biome in southeastern Pará. The results of this study contribute to the understanding of diversity in the FLONA of Carajás and reinforce the need for management and conservation plans for P. microphyllus in priority areas, where the species finds favorable climatic conditions in future scenarios. In situ and ex situ conservation measures for this species are essential, since extracting the leaves contributes as a source of income for local communities.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diversidade de mamíferos e uso da fauna nas Reservas de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá e Amanã - Amazonas - Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005) AMARAL, João Valsecchi do; SILVA JÚNIOR, José de Sousa e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4998536658557008
The northern part of western Amazon in Brazil has had few studies related to the diversity of mammals, especially in the Içá-Japurá and Japurá-Negro rivers interfluves. This fauna, as well as birds and reptiles, has been constantly impacted by human led activities, like hunting. This study had two main objectives, to initiate a systematic survey of the diversity of mastofauna in different habitats of Mamirauá and Amanã Sustainable Development Reserves, and to investigate its patterns of use by local human population. An updated species list was created to cover the Iça-Japurá and Japurá-Negro rivers interfluves, as well as to each sample area. An analysis of hunting practices was made to determine íts impacts on the local fauna of mammals, bírds and reptiles and to generate subsidies to the elaboration of management plans for these protected arcas. To carry out this analysis, huntíng expeditions were monítored in six villages in Mamirauá Reserve and four in Amanã, during a period of two years. Two major field expeditions were made in both areas and the survey produced represents the first systematic investígation about the diversity of mammals in Amanã, which considered every order present in the region. In addition to that, the list of mastofauna produced for Mamirauá through this study added 25% more species than previous lists. It was identified 57 mammal species in Amanã and 40 in Mamirauá. Furtherrnore, the results already obtained have elucidated prior queries about a few mammal species present in these Reserves. Mammal diversity was central to the hunting patterns found during the study period. In Amanã typical Amazonian hunting patterns were encountered, that is, herbivore mammals and large and medium sized bírds were mostly hunted and represented the highest percentage of prey weight. The main huntíng pattern found in Mamirauá was the use of Chelonia, Prímates and Aves (medium and large sized). Finally, considerations were made about the establíshment of strategies toward the management of the cynergetic fauna in the areas under study, in order to contribute to a future sustainable model of wildlife use, one that takes in consideration biological, economical and cultural aspects in the region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diversidade linguistica no Pará: mundos de línguas indígenas e de língua portuguesa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-01) FERREIRA, Marília de Nazaré de Oliveira; CASTILHO, Ana Carla Costa; CHAVES, Ana Claudia Assunção; FERREIRA, Sindy Rayane de Souza; PEREIRA, Camila Néo; MACIEL, Rafaela Viana; ALCANTARA, Milena das Mercês
The state of Pará, part of the Amazon Forest, is one of the Brazilian regions with representative concentration of indigenous languages, which integrates many diversities of Brazilian Portuguese and others foreign languages, besides LIBRAS (Brazilian Sign Language). This linguistic diversity is involved in various cultural and literary manifestation wich also reflet the social and regional diversity. Thus, the creation of a group called “PET/Conexões de saberes de Letras/ Língua Portuguesa (LP), at UFPA, focusing on Sociolinguistics education, aiming to expand the knowledge on this linguistic and literary diversity in Pará, and other related topics like bilingualism, multilingualism, the interlanguage and the linguistic prejudice.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diversidade morfológica e molecular do gênero Oecomys thomas, 1906 (Rodentia: Cricetidae) na Amazônia oriental brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) FLORES, Tamara Almeida; SILVA JÚNIOR, José de Sousa e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4998536658557008; ROSSI, Rogério Vieira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0447251112059340
The arboreal rice rats, genus Oecomys, are distributed in tropical and subtropical areas from Central and South America, with 17 currently recognized species and another two species already described in earlier studies but still unnamed. Six of these species are expected to occur in eastern Brazilian Amazon. Because defining the species limits inside Oecomys based only on morphological characters is a complicated task, many nominal taxa have already been associated to the genus, and different taxonomic arrangements have been proposed by specialists. Despite of this taxonomic instability, there is only one taxonomic review for the genus carried out 50 years ago, in which only two polytypical species were recognized. However, several recent studies based on morphological, molecular and karyotypical data have been showing that the species diversity inside Oecomys is largely underestimated, resulting in recent descriptions of new taxa or revalidation of previously synonymized species. This work aimed to assess the species diversity inside this genus in the eastern Brazilian Amazon by investigating the molecular and morphological variation in regional specimens. We employed phylogenetic analysis based on cytochrome-b in order to define clades that may represent species, and described the external and cranial morphology of these recognized species. As a result, we recognized 11 species in the eastern Amazonian forest in Brazil, of which five are already expected to occur in this area (Oecomys auyantepui, O. bicolor, O. paricola, O. rex, and O. rutilus), two are recorded for the first time in the biome Amazonia (Oecomys catherinae and O. cleberi), and the four are either new or not currently recognized species (i.e. synonyms), herein referred as Oecomys sp. A, Oecomys sp. B, Oecomys sp. C, and Oecomys sp. D. Moreover, we suggest that Oecomys bicolor is a species complex, based in the high nucleotide divergence we found (7.5 %), corroborating previous molecular studies. We observed sexual dimorphism and ontogenetic variation on cranial morphometry in the species Oecomys paricola, and for comparison purposes we treated all other species herein studied as exhibiting this kind of dimorphism. We also suggest a phylogenetic hypothesis among the species of this genus based on 653 bp of cytochrome-b. This is the most comprehensive phylogeny for Oecomys published to date, due to the great number of species included in the analysis (11 of the 16 currently recognized species plus seven probably new species), and the wide-ranging geographic area included in our sample.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito das clareiras de ação petrolífera sobre a composição de Drosophilidae (Diptera) na Bacia do Rio Urucu, Coari-Amazonas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-04-27) FURTADO, Ivaneide da Silva; MARTINS, Marlúcia Bonifácio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8882047165338427
Drosophilidae are ecosystem condition indicators in relation to the effects of deforestation in tropical rainforest, and are a tool for designing conservation strategies in large biomes. A study in the Urucu oilfields (State of Amazonas, Brazil), was conducted seeking to compare richness and diversity of drosophilidae in artificial clearings (oilfields), natural clearings and continuous forest. Three excursions took place between 2003 and 2005. Fermented banana traps were used in 33 sites: 11 natural clearings, 16 artificial clearings and six continuous forest transects. We also, tested in the field the ability of nine species to develop is these three habitats. We captured 7,652 insects, 4,354 of which belonging to the Order Diptera (56,90%), distributed among 24 species of Drosophilidae, of two subgenus, Sophophora and Drosophila. Species distribution varied among habitats. 60,54% of the drosophilidae were of the willistoni subgroup, heavily concentrated in primary forest (79,09%). The second largest subgroup was ananassae (10,40% of total drosophilidae), in higher concentrations in oilfields (35,36%). The species accumulation curves, with 227 samples did not approached asymptotes; the estimates varied between 24 and 34 species. Jaccard coefficient similarity analysis shows 55% likeness between natural clearing and oilfield habitats, while in Morisita it measured 98,1% between primary forest and natural clearings. D. malerkotliana was the only specie of the ananassae subgroup that appeared in all habitats, with significant variations (ANOVA, p=0.001). Willistoni subgroup species appeared less frequently, only in forest areas, regardless of the original location of parental xv flies. These results show the effectiveness of the methods used and the need to increase the sampling effort to estimate the actual diversity of fruit Drosophilidae.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito do uso do hábitat sobre a comunidade de Gerromorpha (Heteroptera) em uma área de transição Amazônia-cerrado, Mato Grosso, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) WANZELER, Elaine Cristina de Miranda; FERNANDES, José Antônio Marin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6743352818723245
The aquatic and semiaquatic bugs (Heteroptera) belong to three different monophyletic infra-orders: Gerromorpha, Nepomorpha and Leptopodomorpha. In Brazil only a few studies on these groups have been carried out, mostly in the state of Minas Gerais. This study aimed to determine land use intensity effect over the aquatic Heteroptera-Gerromorpha community. The study was carried out at Tanguro farm, state of Mato Grosso, in a area of transition between cerrado and tropical rain forest. Samples were collected on May and July in 2006 and 2007 in six streams within three different environments: soybean plantation, pasture and forest. Five families, 19 genera, 36 species and 13 morphospecies of Gerromorpha were collected. Species accumulation curves for each environment did not reach an asymptote, though they showed a clear tendency to stabilization. Therefore, increasing the number of samples probably will set the real species number close to the observed for the whole study area. Although vegetation coverage was significantly different among the three environments (ANOVA, F2,45= 23,72; P < 0,001), the habitat type did not influence the number of Gerromorpha species (ANOVA F3,44= 0,77; P = 0,52). In addition, the two axis of a MDS analysis based on species composition did not discriminate the habitats. On the other hand, the abundance of seven species was significantly different among habitats. Analysis of the abundance matrix shown (axis 1- MANOVA; F2,45 = 16,27; P < 0,001 and axis 2- MANOVA; F2,45 = 6,31; P = 0,004) segregated forest species. The three habitats shared 57,14% of the species collected. The considerable decrease in number of specimens from the forest to the pasture may be related to the lost of vegetation coverage in disturbed areas. The species Brachymetra lata, Brachymetra sp. 1, Cylindrostethus palmaris, Tachygerris celocis, Rhagovelia paulana, Rhagovelia whitei and Neogerris lubricus could be considered indicator species based on significant differences in abundance between disturbed and undisturbed areas.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estrutura e composição da comunidade de Trichoptera (Insecta) de rios e áreas alagadas da bacia do rio Suiá-Miçú, Mato Grosso, Brasil
(2011-09) NOGUEIRA, Denis Silva; CABETTE, Helena Soares Ramos; JUEN, Leandro
The composition, abundance and species diversity of Trichoptera immatures was studied in 12 tributaries of Suiá-Miçú River Basin, a mosaic of wetlands, streams and rivers tributary of the Xingu River in the Cerrado-Amazonian Forest transition zone in Mato Grosso, Brazil. The varying sizes, flow types and conservation levels of the tributaries were sampled through three periods between 2007 and 2008 by the use of fixed transects along the environments margins. A total of 867 larvae was collected (divided in seven families, 17 genera, 49 species/morphospecies) with the most abundant and rich families being Hydropsychidae and Leptoceridae and the most abundant species Leptonema sparsum (n = 370). There has been loss of species richness in impacted, large and lentic environments. Composition variations related to the flow, the vegetation type and the interaction between conservation levels and flow was detected. Conservation levels, width and the quantitative habitat integrity index (HII) did not influence the Trichoptera composition. These results may encourage further investigation of impact effects on aquatic insect compositions and pattern of distribution in the transition area between the Cerrado and the Amazonian Forest.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A fauna de califorídeos e sarcofagídeos (Insecta, Diptera) das matas e clareiras com diferentes coberturas vegetais da base de extração petrolífera, Bacia do Rio Urucu, Coari, Amazonas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-07-21) SOUSA, José Roberto Pereira de; ESPOSITO, Maria Cristina; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2112497575917273
This research was done at the oil extraction field of Urucu River in Coari, Amazonas, during the months of April, June and October of 2007, in 16 areas, 12 of them forest clearings and four forests, arranged in four environments (C1,C2,C3 and MT) according to type of forest cover. The objective was to study the composition, abundance, wealth, and diversity of Calliphoridae e Sarcophagidae (Insecta, Diptera) and also assess the possibility of these taxons to be used as parameters for evaluation of the condition of vegetal recuperation in clearing areas. The number of calliphorid collected were 7.215 (three subfamilies, eight genera and 16 species), being Chloroprocta idioidea (Robineau-Desvoidy,1830) (88,06%) and Paralucilia adespota Dear,1985 (4,35%) the most abundant species. The patterns of calliphorid abundance did not differ among the environments, however the e distinctive in relation to the estimated richness and diversity, forming two groups (C1-C2) and (C3-MT). The ordination analysis (non-metric multidimensional scaling) showed that the environment differed among themselves, as well as a greater similarity between C1-C2 and C3-MT, in relation to the structure of calliphorid communities. From the Sarcophagidae family 3.547 species were collected, distributed in 10 genera, six subgenera and 23 species , being Sarcodexia lambens (Wiedemann,1830) (47,05%) and Peckia (Peckia) chrysostoma (Wiedemann,1830) (19,11%), the most abundant species. The patterns of abundance, estimated richness and diversity for this family differed among environments and separated them into two groups, one from the clearings (C1,C2 and C3) and the other from the forest (MT). The ordination analysis (non-metric multidimensional scaling) showed a separation between sarcophagid fauna from clearings and those from the forests. The canopy cover influenced the pattern of abundance of Eumesembrinella randa Sarcophagidae family, only the abundance of Peckia (Pattonella) intermutans species (Walker,1861) was greater on environments with higher rates of forest canopy. The abundance of Oxysarcodexia amorosa (Schiner,1868), O. fringidea (Curran & Walley,1934), O. thornax (Walker,1849), P. (P.) chrysostoma and S. lambens species presented a negative linear relation with the forest canopy. These results indicate the possibility for use of these patterns as parameters to assess change in the vegetation structure.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ictiofauna de igarapés de pequenas bacias de drenagem em área agrícola do Nordeste Paraense, Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-06) CORRÊA, Jean Michel; GERHARD, Pedro; FIGUEIREDO, Ricardo de Oliveira
Stream fish communities can show spatial and temporal patterns, which can be revealed by species association or species groups as well as by species preference to certain habitats. The reduced number of studies and the scarce knowledge on the aquatic fauna in the Amazon results on an under-estimative upon stream fish fauna diversity. In this study, a survey at three small Amazonian catchments located in family agriculture areas, a total of 2,117 individuals were collected, belonging to seven orders, 13 families, 27 genera and 43 species. The most abundant species in all samples was Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus, totaling 337 individuals, followed by Bryconops melanurus, with 326 individuals. The species richness was highest in a Pachibá stream reach, with 21 species. Simpson’s diversity index in a Cumaru stream reach showed the highest species dominance with a value of 0.43, while Shannon’s diversity index showed that the Pachibá stream lowest reach, had the greatest diversity with a value of 2.39. Iguanodectes rachovii was the most constant species, occurring in 50% of samples. Therefore, as a response to habitat size, the intermediate stream reaches presented the highest species diversity. Our study showed that agricultural catchments dominated by smallholder farmers can bear a reasonable stream fish diversity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A imagem da negra e do negro em produtos de beleza e a estética do racismo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-06) SANT'ANA, Jonathas Vilas Boas de
This article has for purpose discuss the representation of the black population, especially black woman, in images of beauty products present at trades of Goias northeast. Becomes evident that the presence of negative stereotypes in these images disseminates racist imagery presented in the form of a racist aesthetic that conceals the exclusion and normalizes the degradation suffered by black people in Brazilian society. The analysis of the imagetical material pointed to the aesthetic devaluation of black people, especially black woman, and an idealization of beauty and whitening to be pursued through use of the products presented. The media-advertising discourse of beauty products remembers and legitimizes the practice of a racist ethics based and active in everyday life. Facing this discussion is suggested that the antiracism work, done in different social spaces, consider using strategies for an "aesthetic decolonization" that empowers the black population by means of its aesthetic value and protagonism in the construction of an ethics of diversity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Impactos da exploração madeireira sobre a fauna de formigas e conseqüências para a remoção de sementes florestais na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2001) KALIF, Kemel Amim Bittencourt; MOUTINHO, Paulo Roberto de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7277077476036269
Logging in the Amazon Forest affects approximately 1.5 million hectares of forestlands each year. These activities result in forest structural and microclimatic changes that could potentially affect diversity and animal species composition. Regeneration of these areas could be jeopardized since animals disperse most seeds. On the other hand, it is possible not to affect seed dispersal mechanisms by maintaining forest fauna integrity through the implementation of reduced impact logging techniques. By using ants as an ecologically representative animal group and integrated into the regeneration processes through dispersion and predation, this work evaluated; (1) if logging affects fauna (diversity and species composition), (2) if reduced impact logging techniques are capable of preserving it, and (3) if logging affects ants ecological efficiency in seed removal (dispersion and predation). Logging effects on ants' diversity and species composition, as well as seed removal done by these insects, were studied in three different forest areas in the municipality of Paragominas in the state of Pará. The first area was a forest that went through high impact logging (FC), the second a forest affected by reduced impact logging techniques (FB), and the third one a primary forest used as the control group (FP). Ants’ were sampled four times during 1998 using the Winkler method at four transects per area. The seed removal experiment was conducted by distributing seeds of six wood species through twelve points in each area. During the experiment the daily number of ants and other arthropods that visited the seed points was quantified. The amount of seeds removed was counted at the end of the experiment. Diversity and abundance of ant species were not affected by logging activities. However, species composition changed by 36% in FB and by 37% in FC. The Pheidole genus experienced richness and abundance reduction only in FC. Seed removal was also significantly lower (-33%) in FC compared to the ones registered in FB and FP. Ants represented 92% of all arthropods that visited the seed points in the three forest areas. The bigger seeds were the most removed ones, independently of its seed disperser adaptations and of the studied forest area. The results obtained suggest that forest logging can affect ant species composition, without affecting its diversity (except that of Pheidole). Reduced impact logging techniques have the capacity of preserving Pheidole species diversity, which guarantees seed movements similar to those of a primary forest. Nevertheless, conventional logging can reduce, both the number of species and occurrences of this genus, thus resulting in a reduced number of removed seeds. Such reduction probably jeopardizes forest regeneration after wood extraction.
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Inventário da araneofauna (Arachnida, Araneae) de serapilheria na Estação Científica Ferreira Penna, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2004-03-02) BARREIROS, José Augusto Pereira; BONALDO, Alexandre Bragio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8721994758453503
The Ferreira Penna Scientific Station (ECFP), with near 33.000 ha, is located at Caxiuanã National Forest, Pará state, Brazil. A structured protocol of ground litter spiders sampling resulted in 400 samples of 1m² concentrated litter, from both rainy and dry seasons. The spiders were sorted by a combination of manual sorting and Winkler device techniques. These samples were obtained in five plots, three located in Terra Firme (dryland) forest (LBA-EXP, LBA-CON and TF-IMC) and two in igapó (wetland) forest (IG-N and IG-S). One of the Terra Firme plots (LBA-EXP) is under hidric stress and it was used plastic panels and gutters to exclude most of the rainfall. A total of 2230 individuals (mean: 5,6 individuals / m²), beionging to 34 families, were collected. Seven families were represented only by juveniles: Nesticidae, Pisauridae, Gnaphosidae, Mimetidae, Deinopidae, Oxiopidae, Uloboridae. The most abundant families were Salticidae, Theridiidae, Ctenidae, Oonopidae and Linyphiidae. 876 adults, beionging to 120 species or morphospecies in 27 families were sampled. The most abundant species were Styposis sp.3 (Theridiidae), with 16,55% of all adults, Anapisona sp.1 (Anapidae), with 6,96%, Meioneta sp.1 (Linyphiidae), with 6,39%, Oonopidae sp.1, with 5,59% and Salticidae sp.1, with 4,56%. In order to implement the majority of the analysis, 15 occasional species were excluded. The observed species accumulation curves for all samples and for the samples from each plot didn't reach the asymptote in the end of samples addition. The patterns of abundance and incidence of these species suggest the existence of total species richness from 123 to 184 species. The largest species richness estimates were from plot LBA-EXP (75 - 110 species). The smallest ones were observed at plot IG-N (25 - 59 species). Despite the species richness and the abundance of spiders had reached the largest values at plot LBA-EXP, the overall diversity was larger at plots LBA-CON and TF-IMC. The Igapó overall diversity was lower than in Terra Firme. The species composition was different in Terra Firme and Igapó habitats, as demonstrated by similarity indexes and percentage complementarity. The abundance and species richness of litter spiders increased in dry period and decreased with the raising of soil residual humidity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Inventário de aranhas (Arachnida, Araneae) em quatro fitofisionomias da serra do cachimbo, Novo Progresso, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-03-04) RICETTI, Janael; BONALDO, Alexandre Bragio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8721994758453503
A inventory of the spider fauna was carried out at Serra do Cachimbo, inside the "Campo de Provas Brigadeiro Velloso", Novo Progresso municipality, Pará state, Brasil. Two expeditions were made, during both dry (August and September, 2003) and wet (March and April, 2004) seasons. Three collectors participated in each expedition. The sampling effort, represented by 240 samples, was divided through the following methods: beating tray and sweeping net (96 samples); nocturnal hand search (96 samples) and concentrated litter sorted by a combination of hand search and Winkler extractors (48 samples). The spiders assemblages from four vegetation types (open rainforest, Formiga river's riparian forest, arboreal savanna and white sand vegetation) were compared. A total of 4964 spiders were obtained, from which 2724 adults, resulting in 397 recognized morpho-species in 37 families. The most abundant families were Theridiidae, Salticidae and Araneidae and the ones with more species were Salticidae, Araneidae e Theridiidae. The singletons represented 40% of the total species richness and only two species presented more than 100 individuals. The estimated richness species curves reached from 473 (bootstrap) to 674 (jackknife2) species. The higher alpha-diversity (Shannon-Wiener index) was observed in open rainforest, followed by Formiga river's riparian forest, white sand vegetation and arboreal savanna. the higher beta-diversity (Jaccard and Morisita-Horn indexes) was observed between Open rainforest and white sand vegetation and the lowest one was between open rainforest, arboreal savanna and Formiga river's riparian forest. The dry season presented more species than the wet season. However, no such difference was detected in white sand vegetation. A principal component analysis revealed that some species are linked to arboreal vegetations and others are linked to the open vegetation in white sand. Those differences in diversity and taxonomic composition between the various vegetations can be explained by drifts in availability of food items (preys), space resources (refugees and substratum to web attachment), as well as micro-climatic factors (temperature and moisture) of a given vegetation type. The most experienced conectar sampled more species than any other collector and all less experienced collectors sampled similar number of species. The differences in abundance among samples obtained by each conectar were not significant. The night hand sampling was the most efficient technique regarding the detection of differences in species richness among vegetation types. The methods beating tray/sweep net and litter sampling do not showed any significant difference in relation to species richness.