Navegando por Assunto "Diversidade de espécies"

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Análise cladística de Edessa (Hypoxys) com a descrição de um grupo novo de espécies (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Edessinae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-12-10) MENDONÇA, Maria Thayane da Silva; FERNANDES, José Antônio Marin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6743352818723245
Genus Edessa has many problems of taxonomy and nomenclature, but to make the revision of the genus in only one study becomes impracticable due to the large number of species (<600 species), so it was proposed to review small groups of species. The subgenus Hypoxys is a monophyletic group according to the single phylogenetic analysis, supported by four synapomorphies. This subgenus of Edessa has 17 described species and more than 40 new species for science, according to an unpublished revision. Thus, this work aims to propose a group of species within Hypoxys, to describe 15 new species, and to make an identification key for them, as well as to run a cladistic analysis to Hypoxys. Thereby, we intend to test the monophyly of Hypoxys and relationship among species with the inclusion of more species and new characters. Thirty-five specimens from national and foreign institutions and private collections were analyzed. These specimens were described, measured and photographed. For the cladistic analysis, a data matrix with 35 taxa and 39 characters was made using Mesquite software, the matrix was calculated in TNT and the cladogram was edited using WinClada. The maximum parsimony was used to run the cladistic analysis. To reduce the final number of trees implicit weighing (k = 2 to k = 6) was used. To verify the values of clade support, the relative bremer support and the symmetric resampling method were calculated. The analysis without implicit weighing resulted in 73 trees with 78 steps, consistency index 57 and retention index 89. The analysis with implicit weighing (k = 2 to k = 6) resulted in 37 trees with 76 steps, consistency index 59 and retention index 90. Tree topology was similar using or not implicit weighing. All resulting trees from relative bremer and symmetric resampling showed high branch support for Hypoxys and the target group. The results corroborate Hypoxys as monophyletic, being formed by three large groups, which share seven synapomorphies and three homoplasic synapomorphies: ventral coloration of the humeral angles of color; scutellum with dark spot in the anterior third present; apex of the dorsal rim fused to the margin of the posterolateral angles; excavation in rounded metapleuron; no roughness of the textured surface of the evaporatorium; presence of the dorsal rim with a thickness variation from the center to the posterolateral angles; format of the straight paramere; presence of a flap in the ventral region of the proctiger; presence of a "carpet of hairs" on the ventral rim; expansion of the ventral rim of the tumid. In addition, the target group has other additional diagnostic features, they are: the posterior region of the hyaline pronotum, brown, extending to the posterior margin of the pronotum; conexivum without stains; two pairs of circular, dark spots on the ventral part of the thoracic surrounded by a greenish ring; ventral region evenly green with a central yellowish color in the abdomen; dark and circular spots next to the pseudosutures; posterior margin of the gonocoxite 8 projected later. The result of the analysis showed the clade Hypoxys as monophyletic, as well as the target group of this work composed by 15 new species.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Arctiinae (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) coletados em unidades de conservação estaduais do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
(2006-06) TESTON, José Augusto; SPECHT, Alexandre; DI MARE, Rocco Alfredo; CORSEUIL, Elio
Arctiinae (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) collected in protected unities in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The objective of this work was to analyze the composition of the Arctiinae communities at Parque Estadual do Espigão Alto (Barracão), Parque Estadual de Rondinha (Sarandí), Parque Estadual do Turvo (Derrubadas) and at Reserva Biológica de Ibirapuitã (Alegrete). Ten light traps were used to collect the lepidopterous from November/2000 to February/2001, sampling one nigth per area. The lepidopterous were identified at subfamily and tribe levels and, when it was possible, at genera and species levels. A total 5,969 Arctiinae belonging to 137 morpho species, distributed in 6 tribes were collected.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Composição e diversidade de espécies da anurofauna da Estação Científica Ferreira Penna, Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1999-08-30) BERNARDI, José Antônio Renan; OREN, David Conway; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5451507856491990
This study compares the composition of the anurofauna of the four principal habitats (terra firme forest, capoeira, igapô and aquatic vegetation) in the areas of two black water streams (igarapé Arauá and Laranjal), at the "Ferreira Penna Scientific Station" (Estação Científica Ferreira Penna (ECFPn)), located in the "Caxiuanã National Forest (FLONA de Caxiuanã)", Pará, Brazil. The samples of the areas were conduct using transects measuring 850 m in length and 10 m in width. Both areas were studied in the four periods of the year and related to annual rainfall seasonality (period of transition rainy/dry season, dry season, transition dry/rainy season, and rainy season). Shannon-Weiner índex of diversity and Jaccard index of similarity were used to compare the two areas and the habitats. Samples of anurans totalled 924 individuais belonging to 29 species distributed in 15 genera and 5 families. Hylidae was the most abundant, followed by Leptodactylidae, Dendrobatidae, Bufinidae and Pipidae. Terra firme forest showed the highest diversity. The number of species recorded was highest in the rainy season. This study and those of Ávila-Pires and Hoogmoed (1997) indicate a total of 41 species of frogs for this region, a quite high number for eastern Amazonia, reinforcing the hypothesis that the low diversity of the species of frogs normally related to this region is at least partially a result of the low number of herpetological inventories carried out up to now.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Composição, riqueza e abundância de espécies de anfíbios na região do médio rio Xingú
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009) LIMA, Amanda André; GALATTI, Ulisses; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1040132527458660
This study aimed to identify the amphibian fauna of different habitats in the region of the Middle Rio Xingu. We selected six sites, with samples taken from three breaths, between November 2007 and March 2008, totaling 48 days. We identified six types of habitats in the region: terra-firme forest, seasonally flooded forest (lowland), banks of the river, "pedral”, pond area and area with antropic disturbance. For data collection were used two field sampling methods: pitfall traps with drift fences and visual surveys. The traps were installed only in areas of terra-firme forest, while visual survey was employed in all types of habitats identified. The sampling resulted in the record of 56 species of amphibians and eight species were identified and recorded in previous studies in the area. Species diversity and richness were higher in Caracol site, where the predominance of the terra-firme forest was observed, and lower in the Ilha Grande, which is dominated by seasonally flooded forest. Nine reproductive modes were recorded in the study area, all found in the terra-firme forest and only three in the "pedral" which may reflect the low environment heterogeneity of this area. Two tests of similarity were performed to compare study sites, one for each method of collection. Similarity analysis of the data from visual surveys showed more similarity for species composition between areas of terra-firme forest than the other habitats. Cluster analysis between this study and other surveys conducted in the Amazon grouped the study area to another area also located in the Middle Xingu.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Determinantes da estrutura de comunidades de insetos aquáticos em riachos na Amazônia: o papel do habitat e da escala especial
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-01-30) BATISTA, Gilberto Nicacio; HAMADA, Neusa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1512994126787334; JUEN, Leandro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1369357248133029
Aquatic ecosystems are highly complex environments, mainly due to interactions between their abiotic and biotic components; they are dependent on variation in physical structure and limnological characteristics, which in general, are factors that specifically act on different spatial and temporal scales. Therefore, considering this complexity in structuring stream habitats, particularly in Amazonian lotic ecosystems, this doctoral thesis aims to evaluate which are the determining factors to structure aquatic insect communities and their distribution according to environmental variation and geographical distances. To meet this goal the thesis is divided into four chapters. In the first, a systematic revision was carried out with a global assessment about the use of insects (Chironomidae: Diptera) in monitoring aquatic ecosystems and their responses as bioindicators. We found that the main issues presented in the studies were related to anthropogenic impacts on aquatic ecosystems and the taxonomic difficulties on the use of species identification to biomonitoring. The second shows analysis of distribution patterns and diversity of Chironomidae communities, under predictions of Metacommunity models, to evaluate the relations of the assemblages with the spatial scale and the environment. The main results showed that the assemblages were mainly affected by components of the physical habitat structure and partly the communities were limited by dispersal among the streams when considered at large scale in the region studied. The third showed analysis of functional composition on the communities of aquatic insects (Coleoptera, Diptera, Ephemeroptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Megaloptera, Odonata, Plecoptera, Trichoptera) and their responses to variation in habitat structure considered under the assumptions of the Habitat Templet. Overall, we found relationships between the distribution of morphological and functional traits with the physical habitat variables. The fourth chapter evaluates the effect of spatial distance on the community similarity of Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Plecoptera communities in two regions of Eastern Amazon. In this final chapter, we find differences in the composition of communities expressed as species replacement because of the geographical distance and local environmental characteristics of each region. Finally, the studies developed in this thesis summarized how the structure of the habitat of streams can affect the aquatic insect communities and variation in the riparian structure and physical habitat, can cause variation in taxonomical composition and functional attributes. In summary, from these findings, we conclude that the physical habitat variables are determining factors in structuring aquatic insect communities. In addition, it is highlighted the importance of local factors (riparian vegetation structure/composition of substrates/limnological characteristics) as explanatory variables for taxonomical and functional composition. In addition, the regional factors (geographical distance / dispersal limitation) are essential components to affect similarity and structure of the communities.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito da monocultura da palmeira de dendê (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) sobre a fauna de primatas na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-04-25) MINEIRO, Ivo Gabriel Barros; OLIVEIRA, Ana Cristina Mendes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1199691414821581
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito da paisagem sobre a diversidade de vertebrados terrestres em fragmentos florestais na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-01-17) SILVA, Jacqueline Almeida da; MASCHIO, Gleomar Fabiano; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7967540224850999
Context: The advance of anthropic activities on the Amazonian frontier has provoked an intense process of forest fragmentation that reduces biodiversity and subjects the species to a situation of high vulnerability. Objectives: To test the relation of fragment size, isolation and characterization of the forest fragments matrix, on the wealth of amphibians of the order Anura, reptiles of the order Squamata and mammals of small, medium and large size. Methods: The study was carried out in 12 fragments in the northeast of the Amazon. The size of the fragment was calculated in hectares, the isolation in ENN_MN (mean of the euclidean distance of the nearest neighbors) and the matrix was organized into categories. These landscape metrics were considered as explanatory variables and calculated on three spatial scales: 1, 2 and 3 km. The relationship of the metrics with the richness of terrestrial vertebrates was evaluated through multiple regressions with model selection. Results: 130 species of terrestrial vertebrates were recorded. There was no significant effect of fragment size on spatial scales for any group of species. The isolation was significant only in the 3 km scale for the group of amphibian and snake species. The category of open areas in the matrix was significant in the three spatial scales for the group of species of lizards and mammals of medium and large size. Conclusions: The landscape configuration is extremely important in the context of fragmentation, there were different responses from taxonomic groups, possibly due to differences in habitat use.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Filogenia da tribo Attacobiini Roewer, 1955 (Araneae, Corinnidae, Corinninae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-04-02) PEREIRA FILHO, José Moisés Batista; BONALDO, Alexandre Bragio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8721994758453503
A cladistic analysis of tribe Attacobiini (Corinnidae, Corinninae) with 17 taxa and 109 characters is presented. The outgroup is composed by four species (Castianeira aff rubicunda ACR; Xeropigo cotijuba; Septentrinna yucatan and Falconina gracilis) all of them represented by males and females. The ingroup is represented by 13 Attacobiini species, seven of which represented by both sexes (Attacobius TOC; A. attarum; A. verhaaghi; A. lamellatus; A. uiriri; A. blakei and A. carranca), three represented only by females (A. luederwaldti; A. nigripes and A. kitae) and three represented only by males (Ecitocobius comissator; Attacobius PAR and A. tucurui). Regarding to terminals, the present data matrix represent an increase of two species in relation to a previous analysis of the Tribe. The availability of data was improved by adding character states on genitalic features for three terminals, of which the counterpart sex was unknown at the time in which that previous analysis was made (males of A. verhaagui and females of A. blakei and A. uiriri). Furthermore, several characters used in the previous analysis were re-interpreted and some new characters were proposed. A single tree was obtained under equal weights. Attacobinni and Attacobius were retrieved as monophyletic groups but the groups of species of Attacobius depicted here are considerably different from those recognized in the previous analysis. The exact solution under equal weights and all characters running unordered resulted in a fully resolved, single most parsimonious tree. As in the previous analysis, the bettersupported clades were Attacobiini and Attacobius. However, the groups of Attacobius species recovered here are considerably different from the ones recovered previously, with the exception of an apical clade composed by A. nigripes, A. kitae, A. attarum and A. luederwaldti, which was recognized in both analyses as the best supported group within the genus.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Influência de diferentes práticas de uso da terra sobre a fauna de riachos amazônicos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-02-27) SOUSA, Híngara Leão; MONTAG, Luciano Fogaça de Assis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4936237097107099
Disturbances caused by land use practices lead to several negative effects on stream biodiversity. This dissertation was developed to contribute with information about the land use effects on Amazonian stream biodiversity. The dissertation was subdivided in three chapters. First, it was performed a review of articles that evaluated the land use effects on stream fauna in the Amazon in the last 25 years to show the scenario of scientific research for these ecosystems in the region. In the Chapter 2 the aim was to assess the effects of three land use practices (managed and convenctional logging, and pasture) on stream fish, considering the impacts on the community structure and niche characteristics of species. In the Chapter 3 the aim was to evaluate the ecological uniqueness of fish assemblages in these areas, in order to identify the land uses and species that more contribute to beta diversity in the region. As general results of the first Chapter, 42 articles evaluating the land use effects on stream fauna communities in the Amazon were found in the literature, mainly in areas of timber extraction. Recently, there has been an increase in studies, and only the last four years accounted for 74% of articles. However, we identified a lack of information about the land use history in the studied areas, a lack of studies using only the crustacean as a bioindicator taxon and a few multi-taxon studies. Chapter 2 showed that conventional logging and pasture had negative impacts on fish communities, and no effect was observed in managed logging areas. Additionally, pasture was mainly responsible for the separation of niche species, supporting species with higher marginality and smaller niche breadth. Finally, in the Chapter 3 was found higher contribution of pasture area to beta diversity, mainly due to the great variation in the disturbance levels associated to this land use practice. Besides that, both habitat specialist and generalists contributed to beta diversity in the area. In conclusion, the results of this dissertation have shown that different kinds of land use may result in particular effects on stream communities. Our findings also suggest that different approaches using information on stream biodiversity are useful in environmental impact assessment in these ecosystems.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Inventário da araneofauna (Arachnida, Araneae) do Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades, Piauí, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-03-25) CARVALHO, Leonardo Sousa; BONALDO, Alexandre Bragio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8721994758453503
An inventory of the spider fauna of Sete Cidades National Park (Brasileira and Piracurua municipalities, State of Piauí), is presented using standardized sampling procedures to allow comparisons between the spider assemblages of six phytophysiognomies present at the study site and to obtain richness estimates. Data from sampling with pit-fall traps (PTF), Winkler apparatus (WIN), beating tray (GCE), sweeping net (RV) and nocturnal manual colleting (MN), totalizing 1386 samples were analyzed, together with all other specimens previously collected at the study site (n=1166). The statistical analyses were performed using data obtained with GCE, RV and MN. Altogether, 14.890 individuals (4491 adults), belonging to 364 species, were collected. From these, 72 were determined at specific level, 62 are new records for the study site, 2 are new records for Brazil and 48 were recognized as new species by specialists. The application of the methods GCE, RV and MN resulted in 11.085 spiders, belonging to 303 species. The richness estimates varied between 355 (Boostrap) and 467 (Jack 2) species. The best fit estimator, which first showed a trend to reach an asymptote, was Chao 2 (403 spp.). The observed richness was greater in tropical semideciduous dry forest (mata seca semi-decídua, 131 spp.), followed by the tropical ombrophilous alluvial occasionally flooded forest (mata de galleria, 104 spp.), medium tall grassland consisting mainly of bunch grasses (campo limpo, 102 spp.), evergreen broad-leaved woodland (cerradão, 91 spp.), evergreen broad-leaved sclerophyllous shrubland (cerrado típico, 88 spp.) and smaller in deciduous subdesert shrubland (cerrado rupestre). The efficiency of the collecting methods exhibited variation according to the phytophysiognomy in which it was applied, especially in the case of the sweeping net, which was much more efficient in open areas. The variation in species composition between the sampled phytophysiognomies can be, in part, explained by differences in the structural complexity of these vegetation types. The results of the cluster analysis suggest that, in conditions of high dominance, these tests should be performed with qualitative coefficients, in order to neutralize the effect of coefficient choose and/or the need of data transformation. The Sete Cidades National Park´s spider fauna does not followed the clustering patterns suggested by botanical analysis, by which grasslands, savannas and forested phytophysiognomies are grouped.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Novas abordagens evolutivas em peixes da Amazônia: mapeamento de elementos repetitivos como marcadores para estudos em espécies do clado Peckoltia (Siluriformes, Loricariidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-04-30) PETY, Ananda Marques; NORONHA, Renata Coelho Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0860824558237244
Cytogenetic data provide important information on the diversity of Loricariidae, as they corroborate the classification analyzes of the species not described and help in the understanding of inter-intraspecific diversity. However, among the species of the Peckoltia clade, the determination of the number of chromosomes alone does not resolve these questions, since most species exhibit a stable diploid (2n) number. Thus, the use of other chromosomal markers is necessary to clarify the genomic organization of these species and to understand their diversity. The physical mapping of repetitive DNA has been widely used as an important tool in the study of taxonomic and evolutionary problems in fish, as well as to understand the processes of genomic organization and diversification. The objective of the present work was to map ribosomal sites (rDNA) 5S and 18S in Ancistomus feldbergae and five species of Peckoltia: P. cavatica; P. multispinis; P. oligospila; P. sabaji and P.vittata, and discuss the mechanisms of organization and diversification of these sequences. The results of the present study demonstrate that all six species analyzed have a karyotype composed of 52 chromosomes but have divergent karyotype formulas. Nucleolus Organizing Regions (NOR) of the single type were observed in Ancistomus feldbergae, P. cavatica, P. multispinis and P.vittata, while multiple NORs were found in P. oligospila and P. sabaji. Extensive variations in the number and location of 5S and 18S rDNA sites among species were observed. These data indicate that inversions are not the only most important events in karyotype evolution in this group and should be useful in identifying the species studied here. In addition to inversions, transpositions are important evolutionary events involved, at least in rDNA clusters that spread in Peckoltia and probably in other species of Hypostominae.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Padrões de distribuição de espécies de percevejos semi-aquáticos (Hemiptera: Gerromorpha): utilizando fatores ambientais e espaciais para determinar a estrutura das comunidades em riachos amazônicos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-08-02) CUNHA, Erlane José Rodrigues da; JUEN, Leandro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1369357248133029
Amazonian lotic ecosystems are among the environments that have received most attention in studies on species distribution. This is related to the presence of high environmental complexity and spatial variation in these ecosystems, thus it is necessary to elucidate how such conditions affect the species distribution in response to habitat specificity and dispersion under different scales. Thus, in this thesis we aim to evaluate how environmental and spatial factors structure semi-aquatic bug (Hemiptera: Gerromorpha) communities in Amazonian streams. To achieve this goal, the thesis was divided into three chapters. First, we evaluated factors that structure metacommunities, considering environmental factors, linear and fluvial spatial structure within a drainage basin. We observed that the effect of the environment had greater effect on metacommunity structure and only factors related to river dispersion were important for these response. Thus, at basin scale, the metacommunity structure was affected mainly by species sorting and mass effects was associated to dispersion in smaller scales within basin network. In second chapter, we analyzed the patterns of metacommunities of semiaquatic bugs among different biogeographic areas of the Amazon region, we found that the limitation of community variation across space was decisive in structuring the diversity of assemblies. These results showed that high turnover occurs within the ecoregions evaluated due to environmental heterogeneity. In addition, beta diversity between different biogeographic areas in Amazon region evidenced general patterns of decay of similarity due to environmental and spatial distances. In the third chapter, we deconstructed the assemblages between wingless and winged individuals to evaluate the alteration of the environment in areas with anthropic alteration. We find that the composition of winged species assemblages differs from the total community composition, however, assemblages of winged and winged species showed responses associated with the loss of diversity caused by anthropic activity. However, the environmental variables that structure these assemblies were different, indicating that a trade-off occurs between reproduction (wingless) and dispersion (winged) to reach the fitness of these populations. In general, we highlight that characteristics of the aquatic habitat on a local scale, and the fluvial connectivity between habitats are the main determinants in structuring the communities of these organisms at a basin scale. Considering biogeographic scales, the limitation of the dispersion through space was the main factor in the structure of the communities, however, the beta diversity between regions also showed to be dependent on local factors. We consider that the specificity of these organisms to live on the surface of the water, besides showing strong relation with this habitat, also shows that the locomotion on the water surface is the main dispersion mechanism of these organisms in the basin network. In addition, the processes that have determined communities' patterns of diversity act on local scales up to biogeographic scales. However, we highlight that advances in the impacts of anthropic activities in the Amazon can also interfere in these processes and act on the distribution of species among the lotic ecosystems of the region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Padrões de diversidade, ocupação e coexistência de mamíferos terrestres na região neotropical
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-05-10) SANTOS, Fernanda da Silva; JUEN, Leandro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1369357248133029; PERES, Carlos Augusto da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9267735737569372
Community structure and diversity result from a complex and dynamic phenomenon, determined by a large number of processes in space and time, which are driven by environmental conditions, spatial factors, resource availability, and species interactions, including competition and predation. This study used the terrestrial mammal group as a model to investigate part of the processes shaping communities, and to understand patterns of diversity, occupancy, and coexistence in the Neotropical forests. Data from a long-term camera trapping monitoring of terrestrial vertebrates across eight protected area sites were combined. The study sites comprise eight areas distributed through six countries (Costa Rica [1], Panama [1], Ecuador [1], Peru [2], Suriname [1] e Brazil [2]), and include both intact forest and fragmented forest landscapes. Firstly, β diversity was estimated among the eight mammal communities to identify: which sites and species contributed to differences in the variation of community composition (LCBD and SCBD, respectively); which process (species replacement or richness difference) explain the observed β-diversity patterns; and which factors affect local contribution (LCBD) and species contribution (SCBD) to β diversity. Posteriorly, data from five sympatric cat species [jaguar (Panthera onca), puma (Puma concolor), ocelot (Leopardus pardalis), jaguarundi (Herpailurus yagouaroundi) and margay (Leopardus wiedii)], that potentially occur across the eight sites, were used to examine mechanisms that allow coexistence among ecologically similar species. Finally, data from one of the sites was used to test the hypothesis that terrestrial mammals, mainly frugivores and granivores, move seasonally as a response to resource availability fluctuation (e.g., water and fruits) between rainy and dry seasons in a terra-firme forest. The results indicated that fragmented forests contribute more to β diversity than intact forest sites, and that variation in species composition is determined by richness difference rather than replacement. The eleven species ranked as the most important in structuring the communities were also the ones with the highest abundance variation among sites. Regarding felids’ coexistence, the study reveals an apparent spatial and temporal partitioning for most species pairs, with prey abundance being more important than species interactions to the local occurrence and spatial distribution of Neotropical forest cats. Concerning seasonal dynamics, only three species presented differences on occupancy between dry and rainy seasons, while the other analyzed species did not seem to move as a response to variation in water and food availability. In summary, the results provide a broad characterization of terrestrial mammals occurring in the Neotropical region, assessing their conservation status, factors that influence their occurrence, as well as the spatial and temporal patterns of several felid species along eight Neotropical protected forests.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Revisão taxonômica do gênero Actinopus perty, 1833, com a descrição de quatro espécies novas de Missullena walckenaer, 1805 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Actinopodidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-03-06) MIGLIO, Laura Tavares; Pérez-Miles, Fernando; BONALDO, Alexandre Bragio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8721994758453503
Actinopus Perty, 1833 is characterized and redescribed, harboring sixty-three species occurring from Panama to Argentina. Seventeen previously known species are redescribed: A. tarsalis Perty, 1833; A. rufipes (Lucas, 1834); A. longipalpis C. L. Koch, 1842; A. nattereri (Doleschall, 1871); A. insignis (Holmberg, 1881); A. crassipes (Keyserling, 1891); A. robustus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1892); A. wallacei F. O. P.- Cambridge, 1896; A. princeps Chamberlin, 1917, A. xenus Chamberlin, 1917; A. fractus Mello-Leitão, 1920; A. paranensis Mello-Leitão, 1920; A. pusillus Mello-Leitão, 1920; A. dubiomaculatus Mello-Leitão, 1923; A. trinotatus Mello-Leitão, 1938; A. cucutaensis Mello-Leitão, 1941; and A. echinus Mello-Leitão, 1949. Forty-four new species are described: Actinopus castelo n. sp., A. apalai n. sp., A. mairinquensis n. sp., A. obidos n. sp., A. buritiensis n. sp., A. pinhao n. sp., A. ducke n. sp., A. hirsutus n. sp., A. jaboticatubas n. sp., A. confusus n. sp., A. pampulha n. sp., A. candango n. sp., A. paraitinga n. sp., A. cornelli n. sp., A. vilhena n. sp., A. harveyi n. sp., A. itapitocai n. sp., A. ipioca n. sp., A. itaqui n. sp., A. xingu n. sp., A. mesa n. sp., A. caxiuana n. sp., A. utinga n. sp., A. emas n. sp., A. bocaina n. sp., A. guajara n. sp., A. apiacas n. sp., A. jamari n. sp. from Brazil; A. laventana n. sp. and A. calamuchita n. sp. from Argentina and Uruguay; A. lomalinda n. sp. from British Guiana and Colombia; A. concinnus n. sp. from Venezuela and Brazil; A. palmar n. sp. and A. loscocos n. sp. from Argentina; A. panguana n. sp. from Peru. The females of A. dubiomaculatus and A. cucutaensis and the unknown males of A. nattereri are described for the first time. New records are presented for A. crassipes; A. dubiomaculatus; A. fractus; A. nattereri; A. paranensis; A. princeps, A. pusillus, A. robustus and A. wallacei. Most of the species presently recognized were included in eleven informal groups based mainly in male palpal characters. A key for these groups plus three species, not included in any group, but known from males, is presented.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Revisão taxonômica e análise filogenética das espécies de Retrocitomyia Lopes, 1983 (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-12-17) SOUZA, Caroline Costa de; PATIU, Cátia Antunes de Mello; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6111953763967066; CARVALHO FILHO, Fernando da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7987049452090800
Retrocitomyia Lopes, 1983 is a Neotropical genus of medium-sized flesh flies (5-11 mm), characterized mainly by the postgonite laterally curved and pointed apex. This genus comprises 10 valid species which biology is poorly known. The taxonomic revision of the genus resulted in 11 species, being one new species, Retrocitomyia silveirai sp. n. All species are redescribed and illustrated. Distribution maps and an update of key for male identification is provided. In addition, it is proposed a hypothesis of the phylogenetic relationship to the species of the genus, based on 19 external morphological characters of male adults, mainly from terminalia. The analysis has 14 terminal taxa, being 11 ingroup and three outgroups. The monophyly of Retrocitomyia was recovered sustain by four autapomorphies: (1) abdominal ST5 with posterior arm long, (2) abdominal ST5 with median lobe rounded, (3) median lobe of abdominal ST5 protruding, (4) cercus with a dorsal concavity. The result of phylogenetic analysis shows a basal polytomy included the type-species (R. retrocita) and R. mizuguchiana, R. silveirai sp. nov., R. adolenda, e R. fluminensis. Besides that, the analysis recovered a clade (Clade A) formed by (R. andina, (R. mexicana + R. trinitatensis), (R. sisbiota + (R. urumajoensis + R. paraguayensis)).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Species composition and reproductive modes of anurans from a transitional Amazonian forest, Brazil
(2012-02) BITAR, Youszef Oliveira da Cunha; PINHEIRO, Leandra de Paula Cardoso; ABE, Pedro Santos; COSTA, Maria Cristina dos Santos
The aim of the present study was to describe the species composition and reproductive modes of an anuran community from a transition area between the Amazonia and Cerrado biomes. Data were collected in habitats exhibiting different degrees of anthropogenic degradation. The community (35 species) identified during the present study presented a larger number of reproductive modes when compared with those from Cerrado communities, but smaller than those of other sites in the Amazon. While all nine modes were recorded in the gallery forests of local rivers and streams, anthropogenic habitats (rubber tree orchards and soybean fields) were occupied only by species adapted to environments where humidity is low, typical of the Cerrado. Overall, the anuran fauna of the study area was characterized by species that depend on access to water bodies for their reproduction, with only a few specialized species able to reproduce in dry environments.
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Taxocenoses de serpentes em grupos fitofisionômicos de cerrado no Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades, Piracuruca, Piauí, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007) ROCHA, Wáldima Alves da; PRUDENTE, Ana Lúcia da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1008924786363328
The snake fauna of the “Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades, Piraracuruca, Piauí,Brazil”, have been surveyed. Data on composition, species richness and species abundance in different habitats, patterns of daily activity, diet and reproduction are presented as well as a comparison with other areas based on species composition. Six expeditions have been made, between September 2005 and August 2006, with total of 120 days of fieldwork. Three sampling methods were used: time-constrained search (PLT), pitfall traps with drift fences (AIQ) and occasional encounters (EO). We recorded 87 snakes, belong to in four families (Boidae, Colubridae, Elapidae, Viperidae), 18 generas and 24 species. The dominant species was Thamnodynastes sp. (13,1%), followed by Oxyrhopus trigeminus and Micrurus ibiboboca (10, 3%). There was a prevalence of terrestrial species with diurnal activity. Like other assemblages of open formations, Colubridae snakes dominanted. The Cerrado Típico the largerst diversity of species, whereas the smallest diversities were registered in the Campo Limpo and Cerrado Rupestre. PLT was the most efficient method for snake sampling. However no single method alone, worked well enough and the three methods should be used together for a better sampling of the area. Through an PCO analysis and grouping analysis it was possible to observe that although the study site is floristically and fisiomically similar to the snake fauna was more similar to assemblages of areas in despite of occurring a similarity with Cerrado, the composition of species showed larger similarity faunistic with assemblages of areas Cerrado/Caatinga and Caatinga.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Turnover de anuros da Amazônia, perspectivas em multi escalas e habitats
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-31) BITAR, Youszef Oliveira da Cunha; JUEN, Leandro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1369357248133029; COSTA, Maria Cristina dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1580962389416378
Understanding the processes involved in the species spatial distribution and the reasons leading to compositional dissimilarities among sites (turnover) have been studied on different scales and habitats. In the present study, we investigated the factors affecting frogs turnover from three different perspectives. In our first chapter of this thesis, entitled "Anuran beta diversity in the mosaic anthropogenic landscape in transitional Amazon", we tested how five environments, classified according to their human pressure, can structure frogs turnover. Sampling units (SU) on this first chapter are located in a ecotone between the Amazon and Cerrado biomes, also known as "Arc of deforestation". We observed that the conversion of forested areas (riparian forests) in open environments (monoculture of grains and rubber tree) result substitution of the original species and low turnover rates, something we can call faunal homogenization. However, the concept that turnover may change over structurally different environments is not new, specially if they have a strong degradation gradient, as found in the study area. Thus, in the second chapter of this thesis, "Species turnover in Amazonian frogs: Low predictability and large differences among terra firme forests", we seek to identify how environmental and spatial variation contribute to structure communities in well preserved terra-firme forests in Amazonia. The SU for this second chapter are located over three conservation units (National Forests of Amapá, Caxiuanã and Tapajós). We observed that, despite considered within the same class (terra firme), each community responds to a singular set of environmental variables. Testing the factors influencing species turnover over different scales, we observed that both the portion explained by environment and space had greater explanatory power (r2) in regional scales when compared within each of the areas (local scale). Another interesting result was that the spatial component showed no significant influence on Caxiuanã community, where only 3% of turnover was accounted for by any of the measured environmental factors. Finally, on third chapter titled "How differences in anuran reproductive modes can affect their turnover: Comparing scales and habitats", we discusses how frogs with different reproductive modes respond to environmental and spatial variations, comparing these processes in terra firme and varzea forests. Additionally, we evaluated species probability of occurrence along measured environmental gradients. The SU in this chapter are located in three areas of terra firme 12 forest (the same as in Chapter 2) and two areas of varzea (Sustainable Development Reserve Mamirauá and Amana). Species with aquatic oviposition were prevalent in varzea, while there was a higher proportion species laying on the vegetation in Caxiuanã and more species with terrestrial reproduction in Amapá and Tapajós when compared to the other areas. By dividing the species according to their reproductive modes, clearer response patterns were observed. Also, we can assert that changes in environmental characteristics appear as major turnover driver and are important in all scales, while the spatial distance is more evident at larger scales. Thus, we can conclude that in disturbed areas faunal homogenization decreases species turnover, due to the conversion of forests into open and less heterogeneous areas. Moreover, we also observed that even in areas within the same classification and without human disturbances, there are great differences in turnover partitioning patterns, which can be assigned to a specific set spatial and environmental factors inherent to each area, in addition to species with different reproductive modes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Variação na detectabilidade e padrões de ocupação de anuros na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-01-04) BENÍCIO, Ronildo Alves; PIRES, Teresa Cristina Ávila; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1339618330655263; ALBERNAZ, Ana Luisa Kerti Mangabeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1220240487835422
Difficulty in finding strong distribution patterns in studies with frogs is frequent. However, we do not know how much of the difficulty in detecting patterns are related to the low influence of environmental variation in the distribution of the animals or to the sampling process itself. To minimize this problem, the sampling was based on the proposal form in occupation of studies, including repeated survey to each of the sampling occasions. This sample design allows to evaluate the influence of environmental variables on the distribution patterns of frogs taking into account the influence of the detectability of species on these patterns. Our hypothesis is that there is variation in the probability of detection among frogs species, and at different times for the same species, and that this variation may be important in models of occupancy of these species. We tested eight models for the 10 most abundant species and assess their fit to the data using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and the weight of the Akaike (AICwgt). For all species, among the models that best fit the data its is included one that is likely to occupation influenced by the distance of the stream (variable “Dist”) and whose probability of detection varies between surveys (variable "Survey"). Of the 10 species analyzed eight included the variable "Survey" between the three models of best fit. In addition, the probability of detection also varied among species, indicating that it is important that these variations in detection are considered when interpreting the occupancy patterns of species. This is the first work in Brazil, which analyzes the frogs distribution patterns taking into account the probability of detection of the species.