Navegando por Assunto "Diversidade funcional"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito do plantio de dendê (Elaeis guineensis Jacquin 1763) sobre a diversidade funcional de mamíferos terrestres
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-03-12) MAUÉS, Paula Cristina Rodrigues de Almeida; OLIVEIRA, Ana Cristina Mendes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1199691414821581
We studied the effect of palm tree planting on the functional diversity of terrestrial mammals in a region of the Amazon Forest in the northeast of the State of Pará, Brazil. We evaluated through measures of Functional Diversity (FD) the impacts that this planting can have on the functional groups of medium and large terrestrial mammals. In addition to the species richness we consider the abundance of species in the analyzes involving the functionality, through the Biological Trait Analysis (BTA) and the Functional Diversity Analysis based on the Rao quadratic entropy index (FDq). No effect of palm oil planting on the FD of the mammals was observed, considering only the species richness. However, in the analyzes in which the abundance of the species was considered (FDq and BTA), it was possible to observe the effects on the functional groups. The functional traits most affected by the effect were: general food habits, bunodon dentition, diurnal activity period, diet based on fruits, seeds, invertebrates and exudates, social behavior in small groups, arboreal locomotion, sub-forest forest strata and sub-canopy and the functional groups most affected by palm planting were primates and other arboreal species, compromising the functions of seed predation and dispersion, decreased nutrient cycling, reduced invertebrate control, decreased herbivory, and altered species life history vegetables.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito do plantio de dendê sobre a diversidade funcional de aves na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-03-29) SILVA, Larissa Cardoso; SANTOS, Marcos Pérsio Dantas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7941154223198901
Oil palm plantations (Elaeis guineenses, Jacq.) are among the fastest growing agricultural practices in the world, and are among the most disturbing in the landscape in tropical regions and are known to affect species diversity. In this sense, we evaluated the functional diversity of birds in 11 points of palm plantation, 11 in permanent preservation areas (APP), which are portions of ciliary forest that includes the margins of water courses with a width of 10m to 30m of each Side of the stream, and 11 in adjacent forest fragments in the eastern Amazon. To evaluate the effect of palm plantations on the functional diversity (DF) of birds, three functional metrics, functional richness (FRic), functional evenness (FEve) and functional divergence (FDiv) were calculated. To test the response of functional characteristics to environmental conditions, we used RLQ ordering analysis. We recorded 269 bird species, 52 species recorded in palm plantations, 158 in APP and 203 in forest fragments. The FRic was lower in palm plantations when compared to APP and forest fragments. However, the APP did not differ from the forest fragments. Functional evenness did not differ between treatments and the functional divergence was shown to be higher in forest fragments compared to APP and palm. However, there was no difference between palm and APP. The RLQ analysis showed a relationship between traces and environmental variables. This decline in functional diversity shows that the loss of forest species has not been offset by the addition of new, disease tolerant species. We emphasize the importance of the maintenance and preservation of forest fragments and riparian forests (APP) in agricultural areas, and that this is a good conservation strategy within highly endangered regions, such as the Eastern Amazon.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Heterogeneidade ambiental e diversidade de peixes de riachos na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-09-07) BENONE, Naraiana Loureiro; MONTAG, Luciano Fogaça de Assis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4936237097107099; ESPOSITO, Maria Cristina; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2112497575917273
Amazon streams are highly heterogeneous systems that encompass a remarkable diversity. Due to the increasing threats to these systems, it is necessary to understand how ecological process in natural areas affect streams and their fish biota. This thesis was divided in three chapters and aims to answer the following questions: 1) How much do catchment variables affect the physical habitat of small streams in the Amazon? 2) What is the relative contribution of environmental and spatial variables on taxonomic and functional alpha and beta diversity of stream fish? 3) How much are distinct components of biodiversity (species diversity, taxonomic distinctness, and functional diversity) congruent and how much can they be predicted from catchment variables? Fifty seven streams were sampled across six river basins in the Amazon region. For environmental characterization, a standardized protocol was used to obtain more than 140 local variables, and 11 catchment variables were obtained from aerial images. Fish assemblages were sampled with hand nets during a six-hour period. Stream catchments were divided in two groups based on altitude and slope. These two variables influenced streams habitats, regulating flow velocity and the types and proportions of substrates. The taxonomic and functional patterns of fish assemblages were affected by environmental filters operating at the catchment scale. Nonetheless, variables at the local scale were particularly important to taxonomic and functional alpha diversity. Despite the significant role of environmental filters, limited dispersal was the main driver of variation in fish diversity, indicating a strong biogeographic factor. Finally, various components of diversity exhibited intermediate congruence, which suggests that no single component can describe patterns of fish diversity. In addition, catchment variables alone could not accurately predict diversity patterns, and therefore it is recommended that additional explanatory variables, including descriptors of local environmental conditions, are important to include in studies of stream fish diversity.