Navegando por Assunto "Diversity"

Agora exibindo 1 - 8 de 8

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agrobiodiversidade e as relações de trocas entre agricultores familiares que possuem sistemas agroflorestais na região de Itabocal, Irituia (PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-04-30) SANTOS, Tasseli Figueiredo dos; STEWARD, Angela May; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6123114287861055
This research project deals withthe processes of local knowledge, seedlings and seeds exchange among family farmers and the influences of these processes on the advancement of Agroforestry Systems (SAFs) and local agrobiodiversity. The project aims to analyze the dynamics local knowledge, seedling and seed exchange among farmers who have SAFs in Itabocal (Irituia-PA) region and their influences on local agrobiodiversity. Data collection was based on field research, in which an exploratory study of the area was carried out and visits were made to family farmers; at this time semi-structured interviews and/or a semi-open-ended questionnaires were conducted and accompanied by a guided tour. Afterwards, a sketch of the study area was presented to the farmers for them to indicate exchange relationships. Research results are described in three topics: the first deals with SAFs and the dynamics of seed and/or seedling exchange, describing the process of the advance of SAFs in the region and the role of the D'Irituia cooperative in this process. In relation to the exchange of seedlings and/or seeds, research showed that there is an intense flow of these materials between farmers and also outside the region at the municipal level, occurring during farmers' fairs, when they visit neighbors or family members, and during meetings or gatherings of cooperative farmers. The second topic deals with local knowledge, exchange and its relationship with technical-scientific knowledge, revealing that local knowledge is formed by the accumulation of cultural experiences, specifically with years of work and learning from older subjects combined with technical-scientific knowledge obtained from institutions. Therefore, the exchange of knowledge occurs both between farmers and between technicians or researchers through orality, being important to understand solidarity and reciprocity as bases for improving planting and production. The third topic deals with local agro-biodiversity from the formation of SAFs, revealing a diversity of 81 (eighty-one) species distributed in 45 (forty-five) botanical families, 59.8% for food use and 24.4% for wood use. In this sense, the processes knowledge seedling and seed exchange are fundamental for the advance of the SAFs in the region and have contributed significantly to the maintenance and management of local agrobiodiversity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Artropodofauna associada a diferentes sistemas de cultivo de açaizeiro no nordeste paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-08-31) RIBEIRO, Suelem Moreira; LEMOS, Walkymário de Paulo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6841621785311887
The açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) is an important crop for Pará agribusiness for reaching new consumer markets in Brazil and in different countries. However, the growing commercial expansion that açaí has shown in recent years has reflected also in the significant increase in its acreage, which may result in the incidence of insect pests associated with these agroecosystems, thus requiring research actions focused on the alternative management and control of these biotic constraints. Simultaneously, new models of fruit crops have been tested successfully in the state of Pará, highlighting, among them, Agroforestry Systems (AFSs), aimed at increasing the number of crops (annual, permanent and / or forestry) implanted in an area. Among the benefits of AFSs stands out for its potential to maintain and multiply diversified beneficial entomofauna when compared to monocultures. Therefore, this study aimed to understand and compare the biodiversity of arthropods associated with the açaí palm in different cropping systems of the family farm in the northeast of Pará. It was analyzed three areas, two AFSs areas that had açaí palm as one of the main crops in the Marapanim town and an area of açaí monoculture, in the Igarapé-Açu town. In each area were implanted 45 Pitfall traps, which were equally distributed in three subareas: (a) near the açaí palm plants inside the plantation; (b) in the secondary forest around the crops; and (c) in the transition area between cultivation and secondary forest. Samples were collected into four distinct periods, one in the rainy season (CH), a transition period between the rainy and dry (CH / SE), one in the dry season (SE) and another collection corresponding to the transition period between dry and rainy (SE / CH). The insects biodiversity assessments were made in the soil (Pitfall traps). Arthropods (insect pests and natural enemies and spiders) collected in the field were stored in plastic containers (150 mL) containing 70% alcohol, and transported to the Entomology Laboratory of Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, where they were sorted, quantified and identified taxonomically . It was concluded that the periods of the year that most favor the presence of soil arthropods, regardless of crop fields, are the transition periods CH / SE and SE / CH. There was also a reduction in the population of ants in the three areas of secondary forest analyzed, and the gender Solenopsis (Westwood), Wasmannia (Forel) and Azteca (Forel) the most frequent in these areas. The area with açaí monoculture has a higher abundance of ants than the two AFSs analyzed. The spider family Lycosidae was found most frequently in this study, with the most abundant being Pacovosa gender. Agroforestry systems, if properly managed, form conducive environment for the arthropods species diversity like spiders and ants, which are admittedly efficient organisms in natural control of insect pests in crops. Transition periods grouped more individuals, followed by AFS area located in the Marapanim town, which represents the area most changed among the analyzed areas. Secondary forests are areas with smaller grouping of individuals and smaller gender diversity of ants and spiders.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Conservação do Jaborandi (Pilocarpus microphyllusStapf Ex Wardleworth) no Norte do Brasil: diversidade genética e impactos das mudanças climáticas futuras
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-05-31) CORRÊA, Waléria Pereira Monteiro; CALDEIRA JUNIOR, Cecílio Frois; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4071467514868919; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4762-3515; SOUZA, Everaldo Barreiros de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6257794694839685; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6045-0984
Jaborandi (Pilocarpus microphyllus Stapf Ex Wardleworth) is a medicinal plant found in the north/northeast of Brazil. In recent decades, disordered extractive exploitation, the advance of agriculture and other activities that result in deforestation, as well as ongoing climate changes, have induced direct and indirect impacts on the survival of this plant species. Jaborandi is a natural source of pilocarpine, an alkaloid used in the pharmaceutical industry to treat glaucoma and xerostomia. Therefore, the species is socio-environmental interest because the extractivism of its leaves has generated financial income for countless families, in addition to contributing to the conservation of the species in the region. In order to contribute to long-term conservation and survival strategies for the species, this study evaluated the structure and genetic diversity of the species P. microphyllus in a Conservation Unit (UC) in southeastern Pará (FLONA Carajás), as well as an environmental modeling study was developed to analyze the impacts of climate change on the geographic distribution of occurrence of jaborandi, in order to delineate suitable areas according to future climate scenarios. The results of the genetic study demonstrated the formation of 04 populations with high diversity and ecological structure, even with continuous extractivism within the Carajás FLONA, indicating that exploration has been taking place in a sustainable manner in the region. In the modeling study, the projections indicated impacts of climate change on the distribution of P. microphyllus with a reduction in suitable areas in the Cerrado and Caatinga biomes (Maranhão and Piauí) and expansion of the species in the protected areas of forest cover of the Amazon biome in southeastern Pará. The results of this study contribute to the understanding of diversity in the FLONA of Carajás and reinforce the need for management and conservation plans for P. microphyllus in priority areas, where the species finds favorable climatic conditions in future scenarios. In situ and ex situ conservation measures for this species are essential, since extracting the leaves contributes as a source of income for local communities.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diversidade linguistica no Pará: mundos de línguas indígenas e de língua portuguesa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-01) FERREIRA, Marília de Nazaré de Oliveira; CASTILHO, Ana Carla Costa; CHAVES, Ana Claudia Assunção; FERREIRA, Sindy Rayane de Souza; PEREIRA, Camila Néo; MACIEL, Rafaela Viana; ALCANTARA, Milena das Mercês
The state of Pará, part of the Amazon Forest, is one of the Brazilian regions with representative concentration of indigenous languages, which integrates many diversities of Brazilian Portuguese and others foreign languages, besides LIBRAS (Brazilian Sign Language). This linguistic diversity is involved in various cultural and literary manifestation wich also reflet the social and regional diversity. Thus, the creation of a group called “PET/Conexões de saberes de Letras/ Língua Portuguesa (LP), at UFPA, focusing on Sociolinguistics education, aiming to expand the knowledge on this linguistic and literary diversity in Pará, and other related topics like bilingualism, multilingualism, the interlanguage and the linguistic prejudice.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A imagem da negra e do negro em produtos de beleza e a estética do racismo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-06) SANT'ANA, Jonathas Vilas Boas de
This article has for purpose discuss the representation of the black population, especially black woman, in images of beauty products present at trades of Goias northeast. Becomes evident that the presence of negative stereotypes in these images disseminates racist imagery presented in the form of a racist aesthetic that conceals the exclusion and normalizes the degradation suffered by black people in Brazilian society. The analysis of the imagetical material pointed to the aesthetic devaluation of black people, especially black woman, and an idealization of beauty and whitening to be pursued through use of the products presented. The media-advertising discourse of beauty products remembers and legitimizes the practice of a racist ethics based and active in everyday life. Facing this discussion is suggested that the antiracism work, done in different social spaces, consider using strategies for an "aesthetic decolonization" that empowers the black population by means of its aesthetic value and protagonism in the construction of an ethics of diversity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A literatura infantil no processo de inclusão de alunos com deficiência auditiva
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-12) PINTO, Carla Georgia Travassos Teixeira; NUNES, Marcia Cristina Ribeiro Gonçalves
This paper focuses on an experience of inclusion of deaf students in a regular school, with the impaired hearing deprivation and as a consequence the process of acquisition and development of speech and oral language is delayed. Within this context, language is a crucial element in the subject's linguistic-cognitive development and thus becomes of great relevance in the learning process. In hearing subjects the learning of written language occurs through oral language, however, in the impaired hearing subject, this process suffers a significant delay in both reading and writing, since both are considered abstract productions for them. This study aims to publish through children's literature, possibilities to facilitate the development of interpretation and understanding of texts by subjects who have hearing impairment. The methodology of the present study was developed based on bilingual tendency, with 6 (six) impaired hearing ones, aged 7 to 12 years old, all students of Gabriel Lage da Silva Municipal Elementary School. The methodological course was built in three stages: text reading using Brazilian Sign Language (Libras), role playing and finally textual production. As an evaluative appreciation of the dynamics the respective subjects improve the comprehension and interpretation of text considerably, even with grammatical and syntactic difficulties.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A literatura infantil no processo de inclusão de alunos com deficiência auditiva
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-12) PINTO, Carla Georgia Travassos Teixeira; NUNES, Marcia Cristina Ribeiro Gonçalves
This paper focuses on an experience of inclusion of deaf students in a regular school, with the impaired hearing deprivation and as a consequence the process of acquisition and development of speech and oral language is delayed. Within this context, language is a crucial element in the subject's linguistic-cognitive development and thus becomes of great relevance in the learning process. In hearing subjects the learning of written language occurs through oral language, however, in the impaired hearing subject, this process suffers a significant delay in both reading and writing, since both are considered abstract productions for them. This study aims to publish through children's literature, possibilities to facilitate the development of interpretation and understanding of texts by subjects who have hearing impairment. The methodology of the present study was developed based on bilingual tendency, with 6 (six) impaired hearing ones, aged 7 to 12 years old, all students of Gabriel Lage da Silva Municipal Elementary School. The methodological course was built in three stages: text reading using Brazilian Sign Language (Libras), role playing and finally textual production. As an evaluative appreciation of the dynamics the respective subjects improve the comprehension and interpretation of text considerably, even with grammatical and syntactic difficulties
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Serpentes da Bacia Petrolífera de Urucu, município de Coari, Amazonas, Brasil
(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2010) PRUDENTE, Ana Lúcia da Costa; MASCHIO, Gleomar Fabiano; COSTA, Maria Cristina dos Santos; FEITOSA, Darlan Tavares
A structured snake inventory was carried out at the Base Operacional Geólogo Pedro de Moura (BOGPM), located at the Urucu Petrol Basin, Municipality of Coari, Amazonas, during 2003, 2004 and 2007. Throughout four sampling expeditions (51 collection days), seven species of snakes, belonging to seven families and 33 genera, were recorded. Four complementary sampling methods were used: pitfall traps with drift fence, occasional encounters, time-limited search on foot and time-limited search by car. Of the 47 collected species Liophis reginae (n= 14), Philodryas viridissima (n= 9), Philodryas boulengeri (n= 7) and Oxybelis fulgidus (n= 7) were the most abundant in the region. The highest number of species and specimens was obtained by the time-limited search by car (n=52.8%). Previous studies indicate that localities south of the Amazonas river (such as the eastern region of Pará and Tucuruí, state of Para, and Samuel Hydroelectric Plants, state of Rondônia) present a greater richness when compared to those north of the Amazonas river (such as the mucipality of Manaus, INPA-WWF Reserve and Balbina Hydroelectric Plant, state of Amazonas).Thus, it is possible to infer that the snake inventory in Urucu region is not yet complete, requiring more sampling efforts so that new records can be obtained for the area.