Navegando por Assunto "Domestic sewage"

Agora exibindo 1 - 3 de 3

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diagnóstico da qualidade da água do rio Parauapebas (Pará - Brasil)
(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2012-09) SIQUEIRA, Gilmar Wanzeller; APRILE, Fábio Marques; MIGUÉIS, Antonio Miguel Borregana
The objective of this research was to develop a diagnostic of the water quality of the Parauapebas River (Pará, Brazil), in the dry periods of 2004, 2007 and 2009. In 20 sampling sites in Parauapebas River, around of the Parauapebas City, physical (transparency, water temperature and total solid residues), chemical (dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, alkalinity, hardness, acidity, chloride, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, total phosphorus, total iron and total nitrogen), and biological parameters (thermotolerant coliforms) were measured. The results were used for the determination of Water Quality Index (WQI). As support to the interpretation of these parameters, a Principal Components Analysis (PCA), multiple regression and linear regression analyses and, a general survey of physical, biotical and social-economic of the region were performed. WQI for the Parauapebas River, in the monitored area, was 40.01, which classifies it in the category "Regular". The PCA and multiple regression analysis identified four parameters that have been employed in the WQI determination and that influenced significantly the variation of the Index: dissolved oxygen, BOD, total phosphorus and thermotolerant coliforms, which explained 75% of the variation of the results. The results indicate that the urban expansion, in especial in the directions N-NW and S-SW, has reached the areas surrounding the Riparian Forest, and affected partially the surface water quality of the Parauapebas River.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo comparativo entre reatores UASB e tanque séptico, em escala unifamiliar, no tratamento de esgoto de comunidade quilombola amazônica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-08-28) FREITAS, Elenilce Monteiro de; COELHO, André Luiz da Silva Salgado; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0853586340257273
This research presents a comparative study of reactors upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and septic tank (ST) in order to investigate the use of these reactors scale single-family home in sewage treatment. The research was conducted in quilombola community near the city of Belém-PA. For this, were used eight UASB reactors (in the form of “Y”) and a septic tank prismatic single camera. The UASB reactors had volume of 0,42 m3, while the septic tank volume of 4,20 m3. Each reactor was installed in a home, with powered exclusively by sewage black (water, feces and urine) come from the toilets of the bathrooms. Was analyzed the technical feasibility of the use of the first replacement in the second, with a view that the ST is widely used in places of Brazil devoid of sewage collecting system. The operations were carried out simultaneously for approximately 90 weeks, being monitored parameters that allowed the analysis of operating stability and performance of each reactor. At the end of the research was observed that the UASB reactors showed performance as satisfactory as or better than that of the ST in the treatment of organic matter and suspended solids. Therefore, was demonstrated the feasibility of application of the UASB reactor used in the treatment of sewage from single-family small rural communities.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ocorrência de fármacos e desreguladores endócrinos em resíduos da estação de tratamento de água do Bolonha, Belém - PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-05-10) FERREIRA, Clara Cardoso; TEIXEIRA, Luiza Carla Girard Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9773700229115395; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0204-6825
Nowadays, the microcontaminants presence in water has been attracting the attention from scientific Community, since these compounds are found in small concentrations (ng/L or µg/L) and can cause adverse effects on the aquatic ecosystem and human health. Therefore, the presente study aimed to investigate the occurrence of 24 drugs and endocrine disruptors in water washing from Bolonha’s Water Treatment Plant (WTP) filters, located in Belém city, Northern region of Brazil. The correlation of these microcontaminants with physicochemical and biological characteristics investigated in the studied matrix was also evaluated. For the research, six sampling campaigns were carried out during the rainy season and six sampling campaigns in the dry season during the filter chamber washing. The compounds determination was carried out by solid phase extraction and chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, gas chromatography for Ibuprofen, Paracetamol, 4-Nonylphenol, 4-Octylphenol, Bisphenol A, Gemfibrozil, Estrone, Estradiol, Etinilestradiol, Estriol, and in liquid phase for the Other compounds. The Losartana (5,5 to 738,7 ng/L) and Bisphenol A (20,9 to 518,9 ng/L) were detected in high concentrations and in all samples collected, being the compounds with the highest frequency of occurrence in matrix. The 4-Octyphenol (13,5 to 51 ng/L) and Loratadine (3,4 to 24,6 ng/L) showed low concentrations, however they were present in 11 of 12 samples showing a high frequency of occurrence in washing water. Caffeine (1090.2 ng/L) had the highest concentration among the contaminants, however, it was only detected in one sample. Multivariate analyzes showed that drugs and endocrine disruptors were more positively related to each other and to turbidity during the rainy season. It is worth noting that the compounds that were most strongly correlated with each other and with the physicochemical and biological variables of the washing water, in both periods, were 4-Octylphenol, Bisphenol A, Losartan and Loratadine. The study also suggests that the concentration of microcontaminants decreased with decreasing turbidity. In general, the results confirmed the influence of precipitation on the variables and indicated the presence of domestic sewage discharges in the supply system of the Bologna complex, especially as it is located in an area with intense anthropic activity.