Navegando por Assunto "Early years"

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Avaliação em matemática nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental: práticas aceitas e movimentadas no cotidiano escolar
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-07-06) BRITO, Maria Augusta Raposo de Barros; LUCENA, Isabel Cristina Rodrigues de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3255121871351967; https://orcid.org/ 0000-0001-9515-101X
School evaluation is a complex process involving and considering the viewpoints of learning throughout students lifetime. This premise motivated the investigation performed to answer the question: “How is teacher rationality organized on the theoretical field of mathematical assessment in the early school years in order to promote learning?”. The research question gave rise to the general objective of the thesis, which consists in investigating, under the classroom context, imperative acts made clear during the evaluative practice in the scope of early years as a means of characterizing the teaching rationality concerning school evaluation in mathematics. This objective was divided into three other specific ones: to identify acts of understanding that constitute the teachers’ knowledge of the early years regarding evaluation in order to identify epistemological obstacles; to list dynamic evaluative procedures in terms of their purpose and the instruments used in the context of mathematics teaching in the early years; to classify evaluative tasks designed by the teachers of the early years in the teaching of mathematics. Three public school teachers from the early years of elementary school participated in this study, two in Belém/Pará and one in Évora/Portugal. For the study, a qualitative characteristic methodology was used, focusing particularly on the case study in light of the descriptive-interpretative character under which the data collection, consisting on non-participant observation and interviews, was based. Through the definition of objects and their corresponding dimensions, a Research Matrix or Guide was conducted, providing a look at didactic elements that constitute the pedagogical evaluative practice. Throughout the research process, it was necessary to develop a theoretical corpus to comprehend the phenomenon investigated in a broader way, anchored in the ideas of Hoffmann (1991), Perrenoud (1999), Buriasco (2002), Fernandes (2005, 2006, 2008), Afonso (2009) and Lukesi (2010) in the tangent to the school evaluation, as well as in Bachelard (1996) considering the possibility of identifying the epistemological obstacles present in the evaluation teaching practice. With the narratives in hand, it was possible to triangulate the data to answer the research question. From the results, I affirm that the evaluative practices accepted and implemented in the school context are cultural productions, that is, they are evaluative traditions that rest on a knowledge based on the teacher's own empiricism, from which the "scientific [spirit] starts with the class", classes that sometimes indicate beliefs that the repetitive demonstration (of teaching objects) is capable of teaching, and therefore, one cannot deny that this assumption can be reverberated in evaluative practices.
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Ensino de conceitos elementares de estatística por meio de práticas investigativas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-11-25) MARTINS, Cleuma Gonçalves de Matos; MACHADO JÚNIOR, Arthur Gonçalves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3148593292236740; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9933-2894
In this research, our objective was to investigate how the use of investigative practices can assist teachers, who teach elementary concepts of statistics in the early years of elementary school in public schools in the municipality of Uruará, in the southwestern region of Pará. Thus, the guiding question of the research is configured as being: In what terms can investigative practices assist teachers with the teaching of elementary concepts of statistics in the early years of elementary school? We adopted as its main theoretical support the bridge of ideas among others, to address issues relating to s practice s investigative n. The contents developed, through investigative practices, are related to the basic concepts of statistics. The research presented is qualitativ imprint the an approach of action research . With the information analysis methodology, we chose to analyze the narratives in the perspective of Ponte. The information collected during the development of the training process was organized through a questionnaire consisting of semi-structured interviews, audiovisual recordings, photographic records, and notes in our field diary. With regard to the results, it was possible to identify from the narratives of the subjects participating in the research, weaknesses in the domain of the object of statistical knowledge and evidence of practices that could enable the creation of an enriching and stimulating environment necessary for the learning of that object. We noticed that most of the participants pointed out the gaps in knowledge about the statistical teaching to issues related to its formation initial and continued, because according to their reports did not develop the learning skills needed to ensure a practical teaching of better quality returned to teaching statistics. During the shared formative process, participants indicate a movement to overcome this situation of ignorance of the content covered, as well as demonstrating appropriation of the methodology of investigative practices. The teachers participating in all stages of the training process thought, organized and developed tasks in their classrooms using strategies that enhanced the teaching of elementary concepts in statistics, and favored the students' learning. These teachers demonstrated that participating in training environments that awaken new ways of teaching-learning-evaluating is necessary to meet the demands of students in a society in constant change, in which the practice of investigating is healthy for the development of autonomy, reflection criticism and action. Therefore, we can say that the investigative practices presented and developed in our research, mobilized teachers and students around their learning.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estratégias metacognitivas no ensino de ciências para estudantes dos anos iniciais: estimulando o aprender a aprender!
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-04-27) GOMES, Mayara Souza; Brabo, Jesus de Nazaré Cardoso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8186834432543140; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6757-0540
This research describes and analyzes didactic interventions in science teaching, consisting of tasks and strategies specifically designed to awaken and / or exercise metacognitive skills in children of the early years, put into practice in a class of students of the 4th year of elementary school of a riverside school located in the rural area of the northeast region of Pará. It is also proposed a protocol for collecting and analyzing evidence of metacognitive skills in students of basic education. When considering the official documents that indicate the need to learn autonomously, in a contextual way, overcoming mere memorization and in order to contribute to research in the area, the research problem was thought: “What are the possible educational benefits of using certain teaching strategies of metacognitive guidance in classes of students in the early years? ” The analysis and qualitative data of this indicated that this type of activity has an interesting potential to create a favorable environment for students to interact with teachers and colleagues, improve motivation and enthusiasm to learn about the subject and stimulate the acquisition and use of metacognitive skills . Inserted in this dissertation, as a didactic product, examples and guidelines for the use of metacognitive strategies, which can be used in didactic activities in classes of the early years.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Formação continuada para professores dos anos iniciais: uma proposta para o ensino das operações de adição e de subtração, fundamentada na Teoria das Situações Didáticas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-06-07) LEAL, Edilene Fernandes; MACHADO JÚNIOR, Arthur Gonçalves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3148593292236740
This paper reports research on the practice of continuing education of teachers who work in the early years of elementary school (EF), developed in a specialization course in mathematics education for the early years of elementary school at the Institute of Mathematical and Scientific Education (IEMCI). ) of the Federal University of Para (UFPA). It is, therefore, a qualitative investigative course, in the action research modality, whose objective was to investigate in what terms the Theory of Didactic Situations can help in the continuous formation of teachers for the teaching of addition and subtraction operations in the early years. Elementary School, having as organizing lenses these practices, Brousseau's Theory of Didactic Situations (TSD). Over the four months, from March to June 2018, in which we were in the classroom, the actions were followed up and recorded through a questionnaire, audio recording and material produced by the teachers, as well as the researcher's personal notes in a notebook. field. The collected material was treated and organized into categories, which wereanalyzed mainly, but not exclusively, from the theoretical framework built for this purpose. Narrative analysis reveals that teachers need to know the object of knowledge, as well as to establish a relationship with their teaching, that is, to know to organize didactically the knowledge for students to learn.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A perspectiva da criança em atividades de modelagem matemática nos anos iniciais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-02-20) ALVES, Lília Cristina dos Santos Diniz; SOUZA, Elizabeth Gomes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6420273024357999; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7119-0348
O objetivo desta pesquisa foi constituir uma atividade de modelagem com crianças e na perspectiva delas, dando voz e vez às crianças na constituição da atividade de Modelagem Matemática, respeitando os seus modos de ser e estar no mundo. Esta pesquisa é orientada teórico-metodologicamente pela concepção de criança substanciada principalmente em Walter Benjamim, Kohan e Sarmento, para quem a criança é concebida como produtora e portadora de cultura, social e historicamente construída e sujeito da sua relação com o mundo. Discorremos sobre alguns conceitos de criança e infância, bem como apresentamos um breve estudo sobre algumas pesquisas que delineiam atividades no âmbito da Modelagem nos anos iniciais. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa. Para a coleta de dados, recorremos às técnicas e instrumentos adequados à pesquisa com crianças para abordar o tema violência dentro da proposta de Modelagem Matemática. A coleta de dados ocorreu em uma Escola Estadual de Ensino Fundamental e Médio, localizada em um bairro periférico da cidade de Belém-PA. Os participantes da pesquisa foram 16 crianças entre 5 e 8 anos de idade, que compunham uma turma do 1º ano dos anos inicias do ensino fundamental. Os resultados da pesquisa propiciaram debates relevantes sobre o tema violência em contextos diferentes, suscitando temas matemáticos e não matemáticos, e obtiveram como produto final discussões, criações e desdobramentos que vislumbraram a perspectiva da criança, de modo a demonstrar sua capacidade de produzir, interagir e intervir na proposta da atividade por intermédio de sua cultura material, culminando com uma atividade de Modelagem Matemática constituída com as crianças, a qual foi socializada para o público da escola e para a família.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Saberes geométricos mobilizados na formação continuada de professores dos anos iniciais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-04-02) CARVALHO, Patrícia Raquel Santana de; ALMEIDA, Talita Carvalho Silva de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6247156526483924; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5206-4354
The present work has as objective to investigate knowledge that needs to be mobilized in a continuous formation in geometry for teachers of the initial years of elementary school. The interest in investigating this teaching is justified, among other factors, by the importance of geometric concepts in the construction of knowledge in several areas of knowledge. The thematic approach was based on the methodology of the bibliographic research, because it allows to know in which level the scientific productions, such as articles, dissertations, books, besides official documents, on the object in question. For this, it was outlined as a guiding question of the research: What knowledge need to be mobilized in a continuing formation in geometry by teachers of the initial years of elementary school? The theoretical reference was established in Pavanello's investigations on the historical abandonment of the teaching of geometry by Imbernón on the conceptions of the continued formation of teachers and with Shulman on teacher knowledge. From this study it was possible to verify that the geometry teaching in the continuous formation of teachers of the initial years, presents / displays lapsed. Considering the insignificant number of researches developed in these aspects, thus contributing, with a high degree of teachers with deficient geometric knowledge, rooted in a fragility practice and full of gaps, from the incomprehension of these concepts to the applicability of their contents in the literacy cycle . Faced with such perception, a set of activities on geometric solids was constructed in order to contribute to the resolution of the lag of this teaching.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Tarefas exploratório-investigativas para o desenvolvimento do pensamento algébrico nos anos iniciais: uma experiência para se pensar a relação ensino-aprendizagem-avaliação
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-12-12) MESCOUTO, Juliana Batista; LUCENA, Isabel Cristina Rodrigues de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3255121871351967; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9515-101X
This research aimed to investigate the manifestations of students in the early years in relation to the potential of exploratory-investigative teaching-learning-assessment tasks for the development of algebraic thinking. The theoretical contribution that guides this study is in the debates regarding the assessment for learning and the exploratory-investigative tasks in the field of algebraic thinking. The investigative activities were developed in a public school of regular education located in a peripheral neighborhood of the city of Belém/PA, in a class of the 4th year composed by 24 students, being 13 boys and 11 girls, aged between nine and ten years. The class was chosen because the students had not yet experienced experiences involving activities for the development of algebraic thinking. The investigative path was of a qualitative nature. It was based on the analysis of the development of tasks, considered as teaching-learning-assessment, carried out in the classroom by groups of students. Themes such as evaluation in the formative perspective (BLACK; WILLIAM, 1998; FERNANDES, 2009, 2011; VILLAS-BOAS, 2008), exploratory-investigative tasks (OLIVEIRA; PONTE, 1995) and the development of algebraic thinking (BLANTON; KAPUT, 2005) the theoretical framework of this research. In this sense, the exploratory-investigative tasks proved to be conducive to being worked on in the early years, mainly because it boosted the investigative spirit of students, so necessary for Mathematics, from its origin to the present day. They proved to be satisfactory to be worked on in the early years, mainly because they boosted the students' investigative spirit, they were also relevant and essential to articulate teaching-learning-assessment, through feedback directed to the development of algebraic thinking.