Navegando por Assunto "Eastern Amazon"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Elementos terras raras, U, Th e elementos potencialmente tóxicos em agroecossistemas com uso de fertilizantes no nordeste do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-11-30) BRAZ, Anderson Martins de Souza; COSTA, Marcondes Lima da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1639498384851302
The Amazon region is the last agricultural frontier in Brazil and the increasing demand for food and renewable energy sources has intensified the pressure on land use. The Pará state is one of the world's largest producers of oil palm and black pepper, being the mesoregion Northeast Paraense responsible for the annual production of 1,634,476 tons of oil palm, 39,577 tons of black pepper and 286,768 tons of oranges, which represents 97, 50 and 2% of the Brazilian production. The Amazon soils, to express the high agricultural potential, demand high rates of fertilizer application. However, the raw materials used in the production of agricultural inputs are also sources of soil contamination. Thus, studies that facilitate the understanding of the dynamics of rare earth elements (REEs) and other metals / metalloids in the region's soils are relevant. And, based on the premise that anthropic action, mainly through agricultural activities, has caused significant increases in the levels of these elements in soils, the objective was to evaluate (i) the REEs concentrations and other metals in Amazon agroecosystems of orange, oil palm and black pepper, with 26, 10 and 5 years of implantation, respectively; (ii) determine the contamination rates, such as the enrichment and bioaccumulation factors and; (iii) establishing / discussing relationships with soil properties. The results showed: (i) REEs are extremely correlated to soil pH; (ii) the europium (Eu) presented the largest bioaccumulation factor among the REEs; (iii) the activity concentrations of 238U and 232Th in soil with black pepper cultivation were higher than the world average of 238U (35 Bq kg-1) and 232Th (30 Bq kg-1) according established by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR); (iv) moderate enrichment factors (EFs) for Ba, Pb and Zn (2> EF <5) and significant for As and Cu (5> EF <20); (v) the following orders of bioaccumulation: oil palm - Cu> Zn> Hg> Ni> Ba> Co> As> Cr> Cd ≈ Pb; black pepper - Zn> Hg> Cu> Ba> Ni> Co> Pb >> As> Cr> Cd; orange - Hg> Ni> Ba> Zn> Co> Cu> As> Pb >> Cr> Cd. In this context, this is the first study evaluating the absorption of REEs by Amazonian crops of great importance for global markets. A relevant contribution to predict the accumulation of contaminants in soils resulting from anthropic activities, especially in regions of agricultural importance and environmental vulnerability such as the biome Amazon.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O "eu" e o verde: percepções sobre a natureza e a biodiversidade na área urbana do município de Belém-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-09-29) CARMO, Taiane Novaes do; MARTINS, Marlúcia Bonifácio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8882047165338427; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4171-909X
Green areas play a crucial role in human well-being, offering spaces for relaxation and connection with nature. In addition to promoting mental and emotional health, they provide environments conducive to physical activities and social interactions, contributing to an improved quality of life in urban areas. In this study, a series of interviews were conducted with pedestrians in Belém, aiming to investigate the interactions between socio-environmental factors and human well-being within the urban context. The scope of the investigation focused on analyzing the perceptions of urban residents regarding green areas and examining how such perceptions influence individuals' well-being and their connections with local biodiversity. The underlying hypothesis subjected to analysis asserts that positive interactions with green areas are associated with an increase in the level of human well-being and, consequently, a greater valuation and conservation of these spaces. The analysis of the results revealed that perceptions of green areas may sometimes diverge from the environmental reality; however, the interviewed individuals frequently shared feelings of proximity and benefits within the urban context. Notably, plants with dietary and medicinal utilities played a prominent role in promoting health. Additionally, positive attitudes towards fauna were common in well-preserved green areas. Conversely, negative perceptions were often linked to a lack of knowledge about proper management practices and deficiencies in maintaining natural environments. The analysis of pedestrians' responses in Belém highlights the discrepancy between perception and the reality of the green environment, while underscoring the affinity and perceived biodiversity benefits in the urban context.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Hemerobia da paisagem de Belém na Amazônia Oriental e estudo de impacto da urbanização no clima local
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-01-30) FURTADO, Leonardo Seabra; SOUZA, Everaldo Barreiros; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6257794694839685; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6045-0984
Among the human activities that modify the surface coverage of natural landscapes, the urbanization process can be considered as one of the most serious forms of environmental anthropization. The impacts of urbanization are systemic in physical and ecological dimensions, with a direct effect being the change in local climate, particularly the increase in surface air temperature. In the present study, the concept of hemerobia (a term from landscape ecology that means “distance from nature”) is applied as a remote sensing technique to map the urbanization process in the municipality of Belém, the capital of the state of Pará in the region of Eastern Amazon. The results of mapping changes in land cover, comparing the years 1985 and 2021, revealed a significant increase in urbanization, which expanded by 17% at the expense of forest areas, which reduced by 11%. The urban area denoted by the areas of metahemerobia and polyhemerobia (classes with a medium and high degree of urban coverage) expanded to the neighborhoods and districts located in the center and north of the municipality and along the coastal strip of the islands of Outeiro and Mosqueiro. The results of the environmental mapping were integrated with statistical analyzes of air temperature data (point data from the meteorological station and CRU data at high spatial resolution), aiming to investigate the impacts of urbanization on seasonal patterns of maximum air temperature (TX) and minimum (TN). Trend analyzes showed significantly warmer climate patterns, with a notable indication of systematically higher TX and TN in the most densely urbanized areas compared to areas with preserved vegetation, with the increase in air temperature being more significant (statistically significant) during the dry season (July to November). An interesting result was found in the spatial maps of TX for the dry regime, with a climatological pattern similar to the classic heat island model with concentric isotherms that reach a maximum center over the more urbanized continental region of Belém and thermal decrease at the edges. The study highlights the urgent importance of government policies to mitigate the negative impacts of urbanization in the metropolitan area of Belém.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mobilidades geográfico-profissionais de duas gerações de agricultores familiares assentados na Amazônia oriental
(Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, 2016-04) SARTRE, Xavier Arnauld de; MARIN, Joel Orlando Bevilaqua; ASSIS, William Santos de; LOPES, Raquel da Silva; VEIGA JUNIOR, Iran Pereira
This article is about the new patterns of migration among farmer families in the eastern Amazon. These patterns were commonly framed as a strategy of social mobility, where moving was a way to acquire land. However, recent studies have shown that migration drivers are evolving because of social modernization and the rise of educational standards. While farmer families’ new strategies are well known, such as investing in education and moving to cities, little attention has been given to their quantification. By examining three “projetos de assentamento” (settlement projects) in the eastern Amazon, we wish to highlight the diversity of strategies that are used, and examine the way they relate to existing geographical and social settings.