Navegando por Assunto "Ecoetologia"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Autoeficácia e Percepção de Mães e Avós de Crianças com Caracteríscticas do TDAH
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-02-09) DOURADO, Carolina Morais; SILVA, Simone Souza da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9044423720257634
This dissertation aimed to investigate the perception of mothers and grandmothers of children with characteristics of ADHD regarding their parental self efficacy and general self - efficacy and also the perception they present about the characteristics of their children. Its structure consists of two interdependent studies. The collection environment for both studies was the Center for Health Care of Women and Children (CASMUC-UFPA). In the first, the objective was to investigate the perception of self-efficacy of caregivers of children with ADHD characteristics, considering the subtype of the disorder and the children's total intelligence quotient. Twenty-four caregivers older than 18 years participated; self-reported as primary caregiver for children aged 6 to 12 years. The exploratory interview protocol was used; Parental Self efficacy scale; EAEG; SNAP IV; Wisc IV. The data from this study showed that the caregivers presented lower values of parental self-efficacy and self-efficacy related to general aspects of life. The lowest levels were linked to ADHD cases of the combined subtype. From the application of Wisc IV, it was observed that in both groups of caregivers, with low and high parental self-efficacy, the children presented Total Intelligence Quotient below the expected average for the age group. In the second study, the objective was to describe the perception of mothers and grandmothers about the characteristics of the child with traits of ADHD, as well as the relationship that these caregivers have with them and the perception about the role of being a caregiver. Participants were six mothers / grandmothers of children between 6 and 12 years old. The instruments and techniques used were an exploratory interview protocol and a focus group interview. Data were analyzed via SPSS- (version 20.0) and content analysis. The qualitative analysis of the data revealed in the discourse of the parents the following categories: 1) Perception of the first difficulties; 2) Perception about the child (positive perception and negative perception of behavior); 3) Perception about the parental partner (Collaborative Perception and Non-Collaborative Perception); 4) Perception of third parties about the child; 5) Assistance services; 6) Risk factors (social risks and spirituality); 7) Protection factors (Spirituality and Availability for care). It is hoped that the data presented in both studies will contribute to the investigation of the mental health of caregivers of children with mental disorders and will provide the basis for the creation of public policies that intervene in the psychological well-being of caregivers and children.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comportamento, ritmo de atividade e arquitetura das galerias de Uca maracoani (Latreille, 1802) e Minuca rapax (Smith, 1870)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-11-22) BELÚCIO, Lucinice Ferreira; GOUVEIA JUNIOR, Amauri; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1417327467050274
This study aimed to elaborate the behavioral budget and to obtain the level of annual activity on the surface as well as the shape of the galleries of Uca maracoani and Minuca rapax, which coexist in the intertidal region of the Curuperé mangrove, Curuçá, Pará, During four sequential lunar periods, from October to December of 2013, the behavior of the species was shot to obtain the budget. The annual activity of the species was evaluated by shooting the number of active animals and galleries at four sites along the river. To evaluate the shape and distribution of the galleries paraffin casts were obtained in two stations with mud sediment and sand-muddy. In the ethogram of the species, ninety-five behaviors were recorded, grouped into the categories: Feeding, Reproductive, Walking and Running, Acoustics and Sysmics, Territorial, Agonistic, Maintenance and Grooming. The following categories were important to differentiate the energy budget of the species: Feeding, Territorial, Acoustics, Reproductive. Considering the difference of niches of males and females of the same species, the following behaviors are noteworthy: Feeding, Walking and Running, Territorial, Maintenance, Acoustics and Sysmics, Reproductive, Grooming. A great amount of rainfall (February) and low humidity (October) decreased animals activity at the surface, while the climate in June allowed a higher activity of these animals at the surface. Despite some similarities in the architecture of the galleries of the two species, the differences in volume and depth suggest that they present individual scales that are very different from influences in the bioturbation process. However, this process can be counterbalanced by the population density of each species and its activity rate.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estresse parental de cuidadores de crianças com paralisia cerebral no estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-12-01) LIMA, Mayara Barbosa Sindeaux; SILVA, Simone Souza da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9044423720257634
Children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) require care that can be lifelong and, for this reason, it is of scientific and social interest to investigate aspects related to their primary caregivers. Thus the aim of this doctoral thesis has been to investigate indicators of parental stress among caregivers of children with CP living in urban centres of the meso-Regions of the State of Pará, and to verify if these are associated with caregivers’ sociodemographic profile and their perceptions of social support. The study covered a total of 132 caregivers of children aged one to 12 years old, who used free philanthropic facilities in the cities of Belém, Castanhal, Marabá and Santarém. Caregivers were interviewed individually and responded to the following four data-collection instruments: the Sociodemographic Inventory, the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS), the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and the Parental Stress Index (PSI/SF). The data were analysed using descriptive statistics with particular emphasis being given to central tendency measures, and the Correspondence Analysis technique was also employed. The results showed that in all cities most caregivers were mothers living in a stable union, with low family income and little schooling. In addition, the data suggested that there existed physical barriers in the built environment in proximity to the caregivers’ homes. The mean values of the MOS-SSS score ranged from 72 and 79.3, indicating that the sample’s caregivers had a high level of perception of regarding the extent of social support. However, a significant proportion of caregivers (30%) said that they rarely or never benefited from the presence of someone able to help them relax. Regarding parental stress, almost half (46%) of the sample experienced high levels. The results of the correspondence analysis showed that caregiver profiles varied according to their levels of stress and the classification of the city in which they resided. Among the variables that were shown to be associated with parental stress in at least three different cities are: schooling, age and the income of the caregiver’s family, as well as the extent of material and emotional support. The knowledge acquired by the research reported on in this thesis concerning the interrelationships between parental stress, caregivers’ perception of social support, and the sociodemographic characteristics of the caregivers of children with CP in the State of Pará, contributes to a better understanding of the impacts of this clinical condition on caregivers who live in these specific urban context.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Interações criança-criança no pátio da escola e no abrigo: o comportamento de cuidado entre pares
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-08-29) COSTA, Débora Lisboa Corrêa; CAVALCANTE, Lília Iêda Chaves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4743726124254735
Studies show that when children interact to each other they have the opportunity to develop their social skills. For example, the behavior of care stands out as different actions that resemble parental care, which aims to give physical or emotional support to others, considering attitudes such as helping, sharing and playing care. For children who are living and growing up in shelters, studies find that due to their specific condition of personal and social vulnerability, they can take advantages of this behavior in the interactions established at school, for example. This study aims to investigate the physical and social aspects of the environment that contribute to the manifestation of the behavior of care observed between pairs in the school playground and shelter. Besides that, to check and to analyze the social and physical characteristics of people who were part of the research that may also have influenced the manifestation of this kind of pro-social behavior. The study included five children, four to six year-old, who lived more than a year in the shelter and attend school regularly. For data collection, each target and their interactions with other children were recorded over ten observing sessions during fifty minutes, in both environments. In total, we had 500 minutes of observation. The results showed that all five participants expressed care behaviors in the study sites. In total, 43 behavioral events were recorded (26 at school and 17 in the shelter), organized around the following sub-categories: Establishing Affectionate Contact, Helping, Entertaining and Playing Care. Intragroup evaluation showed no statistical difference in the percentage difference in the behavior of care observed at school and in the shelter. When we analyze the performance of each category of care, it is clear that the behavior of help at school (n = 14, 53.8%) had higher frequencies than in the shelter (n = 7, 41.2 %). However, the binomial test indicates that this difference is not statistically significant (p> 0.05), i. e., percentages referring to the help actions are similar in both sites. The same happens to the behavior of Playing Care, which was higher in the shelter (n = 4, 23.5%) than at school (n = 2, 7.7%). However, statistical analysis showed that there were no statistical differences between sites. The description of the frequency of the behavior Establishing Affectionate Contact shows that there is a higher occurrence at school (n = 7, 26.9%) than in the shelter (n = 6, 35.3%), but the test shows there is no statistical difference between the averages sites are compared. And finally, it was found that the Entertaining behavior did not occur in the shelter, being observed only at school (n = 3, 11.5%), so it is not possible the application of the statistical test. The data showed that each site had a predominant type of care due to the physical and social characteristics of each institution, as well as participant characteristics (age and residence time of the targets) and recipients gender and the offered care.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Serviços de acolhimento institucional de crianças e adolescentes na Região Metropolitana de Belém: os ambientes, os acolhidos e os educadores
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-02-26) CORRÊA, Laiane da Silva; CAVALCANTE, Lilia Iêda Chaves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4743726124254735; MAGALHÃES, Celina Maria Colino de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1695449937472051
The study aimed at characterizing the shelter services provided for children and adolescents in the metropolitan region of Belém (MRB) giving emphasis for the profile and practices adopted by institutions and educators, as well as personal, family, and institutional profile of the sheltered children and adolescents. Were part of this study 14 manager the sheltering services that attend children and adolescents at a risky situation in the MRB, and the 198 educators. The study made use of 426 personal records of the sheltered children from January to December 2012. For the data collection it was used a characterization form of the institutions, the profile of the sheltered children and the educators, through document research and interview. The data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistical analyses. Among the results it was identified an equal proportion of governmental and non-governmental units and a high number of institutional shelter. With regards to the physical environment, some spaces were found to have residential characteristics, placed on urban areas and without any identification sign. In general, the institutions use criteria as gender and age for providing the service, and they maintain an articulation with the social services network, chiefly in areas as education, health, culture and leisure. About the profile of the sheltered ones it was noticed a majority of male children, who didn’t have the name of the father on their birth certificate, aged between zero and three years, and were not old enough to be in school. Among the adolescents, it was noted a majority of girls, between 15 and 17 years old, with the name of the father on their identification documents, and were attending high school. With what concerns the reasons for sheltering the most frequent are abandonment, family negligence, poverty and vulnerability, and sexual violence. In general, the families did not receive the benefits of support and income transference, and some of the members are drug abusers. The mothers aged between 20 and 35, the fathers were over 36 years old, both with a low level of education, had low paying and low qualification jobs, and had known residence. The institutions point to a set of actions that take place during the process of attendance, not only with the sheltered ones but also with the family. Nonetheless, the reality found was filled with gaps, pronounced lack of information and inconsistent data usually regarding the family profile, visits, illnesses, and emotional changes. Regarding the educators, most were women, over 36 years old, who had finished high school, had children of their own, and had experience working in this job, however, did not attend any training program. The majority of them performed some actions to bring back their life histories and engaged in positive interactions in the working routine, with the exception of practices directed to sexuality aspects. The results strengthen the conception of sheltering institutions to be a constantly changing, dynamic, and complex environment, that needs to be seen as a care environment, but also as a space for hearing, and possible constant dialog between the actors involved.